Priciple of building planning

Principles of Planning (cont.)
ASPECT: placement of different rooms of house in
accordance with our activities at different hours of
day.
 Rooms should get enough sunlight and air,
which gives
 Cheerful atmosphere
 Comfort
 Hygienic condition
 A room which receives light & air from particular
direction is said to have ‘aspect’ of that
direction.

PROSPECT: it refers to view as seen of the
outside from the windows and doors in external
walls
 It is determined by view as desired from
certain rooms of house
 View of the garden or a nearby hill
 At the same time, it is naturally intended to
conceal some undesirable views

PRIVACY: privacy can be of
 Sight (bath, w/c)
 Sound (confidential discussion, study room)
 Both sight and sound (bed room)
 It broadly classified in two categories i.e.
 Internal privacy
 External privacy

Internal privacy: it is privacy within building, it can be
achieved by
 Correct positioning of doors and openings of shutters
 Proper grouping of rooms
 Providing buffer area between bed room and other rooms
 Vertical segregation of rooms i.e., by providing drawing,
dining, kitchen, toilet at GF and bed and toilet at FF

External privacy: it is privacy of whole
building with reference to surroundings
(buildings and road). It can be achieved
by:
 Compound wall to a height of 1.35 to 1.5 m.
 Planting trees along compound wall (acts as
sound & sight barrier)
 Providing screen walls, curtain walls etc.

FURNITURE REQUIREMENT: planner should know how
much space is needed by each function
Room sizes can be completed on basis of
 permanent furniture to be used
 It’s dimensions and arrangement
 Clearance for circulation
ROOMINESS: it is feeling created after a room is well-
furnished with all permanent furniture as spacious and well-
planned.
 Max use of a room with min possible dimensions




 Rectangular room gives better outlook
compare to square room of same floor area.
 Length/breadth ratio of 1.2 to 1.5 is desirable
 When it exceeds 2, it creates tunnel like
feeling
 Similarly height also plays imp role

 Light colours create effect of more space
 Light and dark colour for different walls of same
room will reduce effect of less width and more
length

GROUPING: it is arrangement of different rooms with
reference to their functions, it improves comfort, privacy
and convenience and minimises circulation
Points to be considered
 Verandah adjacent to drawing room
 Dining room close to kitchen
 Bed room, toilet and dressing room grouped together
 Bath and w/c should be nearer to each other
 Staircase should be easily accessible from all rooms
 w/c should be away from dining, psychological
feeling of being away from insanitary place

CIRCULATION: it is access into or out of a
room, it is internal movement inside a
building
 Circulation area shall be straight, short,
bright, lighted both day and night, well
ventilated and free from obstructions
 It should not affect privacy nor interfere
with utility
It is of two types
 Horizontal –circulation within same floor
 Vertical –circulation between different floors

SANITATION: it is provision and upkeep of
various components of house to keep
inmates cheerful and free from disease
 Factors influence sanitation are
 Lighting
 Ventilation
 Cleanliness
 Lighting: natural sunlight or artificial

Ventilation: a system of supplying or
removing air by natural or mechanical means
to or from any enclosed space to create and
maintain comfortable condition
 Orientation of building and location of
windows help in providing proper ventilation

Basic requirements in ventilation
 Sensation of comfort
 Reduction in humidity
 Removal of heat
 Proper supply of oxygen
 Reduction of dust

There are two methods of ventilation
 Natural: suitable for houses and flats,
achieved by designing windows and
ventilators opposite to each other
 Artificial: necessary if room is to be
occupied by more than 50 persons or
where space per occupant is less than 3
m3, it is achieved by exhaust system of
supply system.

Cleanliness:
 Dust:
 Harbours bacteria
 Creates health problems
 Makes surfaces dull
 Floors shall be smooth, impervious, non-
absorbing, uniformly sloping
 Dampness:
 Walls and floors shall be damp-proof
 Kitchen, bath and w/c shall be drained
off quickly

FLEXIBILITY: a room which is
planned for one function be used for
other, if so required.
 It is ease with which a room designated
for a particular activity can
accommodate more load temporarily or
may supplement activity of another
room
 As drawing room used as guest bed
room
 Kitchen as additional dining room etc.

ELEGANCE: is grand appearance of a
building, mainly owing to the
elevation which in turn depends on
plan
Depends on:
 Elevated site
 Architecture
 Neighbourhood
 Conformity with nature
 Adjoining building and relative
placement

A better elegance can be obtained by
 Superior building materials for
facing –like paint, glass, timber,
polished stones –granite, marble,
mosaic etc.
 Providing projections –like
sunshades, balconies, porch etc.
 Providing bay windows, corner
windows etc.

ECONOMY: building should have min
floor area with max utility
 It should not achieved at the cost of
strength
 Only with proper planning and utility of
space being maximized (passage being
minimized)

It Can be achieved by,
 Simple elevation
 Dispensing of porches, balconies,
lobbies
 Reducing storey height
 Reducing no of steps of stairs
 Standardization of sizes of various
components and materials

Priciple of building planning

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