building planning and archgitecturte unit 4th.docx
- 1. Organizing principle in architecture:- Design organization is critical for successful space utilization in facilities. There are five basic organizing principles used either individually or in combinations to design functional facilities – Radial, Grid, Axial, Spiral, and Cluster. 1) RADIAL Elements radiate out from a central, figural point. Our solar system is the most basic radial scheme. 2) GRID A grid is one of the most basic forms of visual and spatial organization, defining a set of ordered points and lines. Most Midwestern cities are based on a defined grid. 3) AXIAL Axial organization connects “nodes” that are figural points in a space with a well- defined axis. Gothic churches are good examples of axial organization with the main aisles connecting the narthex with the altar. 4) SPIRAL A spiral organization rotates out from a defined point in space. Typically, the scale or size of the shape increases as it rotates away from the center point. Interstate highway entrances and exits are a form of a spiral organization. 5) CLUSTER A cluster organization is best defined as a more loosely arranged collection of objects or shapes. Many housing developments are organized as clusters of residences and landscape features Architectural space and mass 1. Space in Architecture Space is the three-dimensional volume or area that a building or structure occupies and that we move through or experience. It is not just an empty void but is shaped by walls, ceilings, floors, and openings, and it serves as the container for activities, movement, and interaction. 2. Mass in Architecture Mass refers to the solid, physical material or bulk of a building or structure. It is the tangible, weighty aspect of architecture that contrasts with the more ethereal concept of space. Mass can be thought of as the "stuff" that defines the boundaries of space and gives architectural form its physical presence.