building services 1 presentation slides
- 1. Building Integrated of Solar Energy Building Services 1 (BLD60403)
- 2. INTRODUCTION
- 3. Building Integrated of Solar Energy Nowadays… global warming and green house effect has increased drastically How to solve it ? renewable energy sources energy conservation s…
- 4. Definition of Solar Energy radiant energy emitted by the Sun it is the energy that Earth receives by the Sun it is often used in process that use this energy to generate heat or electricity for human use
- 5. Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) most common solar energy system for building How they function? usually run by using panels installed on the roof of the building. These solid-state devices simply make electricity out of sunlight, silently with no maintenance, no pollution, and no depletion of materials. it can provide savings in materials and electricity cost, most important it reduce the rate of pollution because it is a renewable energy.
- 6. Types of BIPV 1. Facade PV can be integrated into the sides of building Material: Semi- transparent thin-film / crystalline solar panels Offer a larger available area.
- 7. 2. Rooftop two types of rooftop panel : - Pitched roof - Flat roof Flat roof : amorphous thin film solar cell integrated to a flexible polymer module which has been attached to the roofing membrane using an adhesive sheet between the solar module backsheet and the roofing membrane
- 8. 3. Glazing creates semi-transparent surfaces using ultra-thin solar cell allows daylight to penetrate while simultaneously generating electricity
- 9. History of Solar Energy 214-212 B.C -Archimedes’ Heat Ray 1767- The first Solar Oven 1839- The Discovery of the Photovoltaic Effect 1873-Photoconductivity in Selenium 1876-Electricity from light 1883-1891- Light Discoveries and Solar Cells 1905-Photoelectric Effect 1916- Photoelectric Effect 2
- 10. 1947-Solar popularity in the US 1958- Solar Energy in space 1959-1970- Efficiency of Solar Cells and Cost 1981- Solar PoweredAircraft(Paul Maccready) 1982- Solar Powered Cars 1986-1999- Solar Power plant
- 12. INSTALLATION PROCESS CONSIDERATION BEFORE INSTALLATION Number of solar panels Type of solar panels Roof space Roof conditions
- 13. TYPE OF SOLAR PANEL INSTALLATION FLAT ROOF MOUNT Easiest method Offer flexibility for orienting and tilting the solar panels for ideal solar collection. 3 most common mounting choices in flat roof installation : - Ballasted Mount - Hybrid Mount - Attached Mount
- 14. TYPE OF SOLAR PANEL INSTALLATION PITCHED ROOF MOUNT This kind of roof installation is harder to install and maintain. 3 most common mounting choices in pitched roof mount. - Flush Mount - Fin Mount - Angle Mount
- 15. FLAT ROOF MOUNT BALLASTED MOUNT Ballast mount use the weight of the array and additional weight (generally concrete blocks) to keep the array in place, otherwise, they’re built just like tilt-up racking.
- 16. FLAT ROOF MOUNT ATTACHED MOUNT It uses some structural attachments combined with typical ballasted design. This results in minimal roofing penetrations These attached systems work for any size, and hold tight even in windy areas. Special roof leak protection is added to each penetration to stop leaks. HYBRID MOUNT
- 17. PITCHED ROOF MOUNT FIN MOUNT It is meant for houses with shallow roof pitches where the roof slope directions are facing to the east and west. Economical but it will need additional roof space.
- 18. PITCHED ROOF MOUNT FLUSH MOUNT ANGLE MOUNT Flush mount is not popular for commercial applications because it is not well suited for the flat roofs. The most popular method of attaching modules to a roof. Regularly done on a rooftop which the panels have to stick upwards and away from the roof. It has higher effectiveness for the PV system.
- 19. INSTALLATION PROCESS 1.- After careful measure out and marking, tiles are removed and mounting brackets are connected to the rafters. - The titles are then replace once grinding of the undersides to alter a flush work. 2.- Rails will be lock to the brackets to support the panels. 3.- Panels are hooked up to the rails using a special designed clips. - The electrical cables behind every panel are connected to the adjacent panel to create a “string”. 4.- The cable is fed underneath a tile and into the roof void where it is connected to the electrical converter. 5.- Roof installation is complete. - Notice that there should be a margin (minimum 200mm) between the sting of the panels and also the fringe of the roof.
- 21. MAINTENANCE SYSTEM Photovoltaic (PV) systems are similar to other electrical power generating systems Produces power when exposed to sunlight Consisted with components to conduct, control, convert, distribute, and store the energy produced Little maintenance required Periodic inspections ensures the safety and performance Routine maintenance identify the problems
- 22. 1. Solar Panel Most essential component Power production depends on sunlight striking Maintaining cleanliness Clean when the array and power output looks low Clean before it heats up Use garden hose to spray or soft rag Do not use abrasive cleaner Damaged modules are to be replaced
- 23. 2. Battery Most-intensive component in PV system Regular maintenance to maximize battery life and minimizing hazardous conditions Sealed batteries Open-vent batteries - need periodic water additions and cleaning Maintenance tasks : cleaning, tightening terminals, watering, checking battery health and performance Inspect battery case for any cracks or distortion Clean using a soft brush or rag with mild soap and water solution
- 24. 3. Mechanical equipment maintenance Mounting systems are to be maintained annually Check module-to-rail connections and rail-to-footing connections Use torque wrenches and nut drives Some mounting connections requires retightening
- 25. 4.Electrical equipment maintenance No need to crawl along the roof, opening disconnects and inverters to check wiring Visual checks and terminal checks are enough Visual inspections of inverters, chargers, charge controllers, transformers, etc Wiring Connection Junction box/container should be first priority Located right at the array Exposed to extreme changes of temperature Causes wires in place to loosen over time Tighten terminals using torque wrench
- 26. The conductors are to be checked every year Extremely prone to damage Causes wires to create weak points and hazards such as; shock and fire hazards Visual inspections made annually Detect potential problems Module Wiring
- 27. Case Study : Mont-Cenis Academy LOCATION: Herne-Sodingen, Germany SCHEDULE: Competition (1991) Construction (1997-1999) ARCHITECT: Jourda & Perraudin, Hegger Schleiff BUILDING TYPE: Government training academy; multipurpose building PV BUILDING TYPE: Semi-transparent PV overhead glazing and PV glass facade PV INSTALLER: Flabeg Solar International Introduction
- 29. PLAN PLAN VIEW
- 30. SIDE VIEW
- 31. Project Background Former coal mine 10 years to complete its architectural concept Includes a 1 MW building-integrated PV system for the ecological and economic renewal of the region Began with a two-stage competition in 1991 for the Internationale Bauausstellung Emscher Park (IBA) First stage won by French architects Jourda & Perraudin Second stage won by German architects Hegger, Hegger Schleif German and French collaboration
- 32. Photovoltaic (PV) System PV system total power: 1,000 kWp (PV overhead glazing: 925 kWp; PV facade: 75 kWp) PV system type: Grid-connected - supply side PV module type: Laminates - transparent laminate PV inverter type: ‘Sunny Boy 1500’; maximum power: 1,650W PV plugs type: Special development from Lepold Kostal GmbH & Ko KG for Flabe Solar International GmbH (Not available in market) PV mounting structure: custom made by Wicona Bausysteme GmbH collaboration
- 33. Passive Solar Energy Use The glass envelope of the academy creates a climatic shift in the summer and winter It keeps out wind and rain and creates a garden- like interior Mild micro-climate similar to the Mediterranean Built in the center of a mine shaft enabled a large amount of gravel to be deposited around the foundation area Acts as a Thermal Mass to absorb the excess hear of energy greenhouse during the day so that it could be released at night to partially compensate for the thermal loss at night
- 34. Ventilation and Heating System Air conditioning systems are not installed Sophisticated ventilation and heating systems reduce the energy consumption considerably in comparison with conventional air-conditioning technologies The ventilation of the glass envelope is controlled automatically from a central position
- 35. BIPV Design Process 20,640m2 of glass were used for the micro-climate glass envelope 10,533m2 of which were fitted with PV cells. The roof itself provides space for only 9,744m2 of PV modules The rest was integrated in the west facade The PV modules are multifunctional as they also provide shading, daylighting and electricity production at the same time. The solution of the cells in the solar panel looks like a cloud-patterned sky 6 different types of PV modules with different densities of solar cells and glass of various degrees of transparency were used
- 36. Installation Design PV modules and glass panes of the overhead glazing rests on aluminium profiles Held in place with aluminium pressure plates and glued onto aluminium profiles All aluminium profiles are mounted on the load-bearing wooden substructure The vertical PV-and-glass facade is carried out as a structural glazing facade Designed specially for this project by Wicona Bausysteme GmbH,Ulm The interconnecting plugs and required cabling are integrated in the aluminium profiles Holds the PV modules and glass panels into place They are invisible and protected against weather conditions and ultraviolet light
- 38. Advantages Renewable energy • A reliable source of regeneratable continuous energy Clean energy • An environmentally friendly and clean source
- 39. Ease of maintenance • A reliable and simple to maintain system Economically Friendly • Providing a huge amount of savings
- 40. Disadvantages Limited Harvesting • Dependent on the availability of the Sun Condition Dependability • The conditions of the area is another variable to look into LimitedAvailability
- 41. Implementation Cost • Relatively high cost of implementation Inefficient Technology • A new and still problematic and inefficient system
- 42. Possible Problems of the system
- 43. Possible Problem systems can degrade over time rely on battery cells to store the harvested energy requires additional structural support in the building electrical hazard is present and its risk are higher require batteries cells to store the harvested energy
- 44. intricate circuits have to be designed and then installed weather conditions can cause unintended consequences not future-proof fire risks lifed items
- 46. Recommendations for Future Improvement New and more advance technology for future solar energy system Manufacturers and retailers should reduce the cost of solar panels so that it’s more affordable and more people will be able to enjoy the services Use materials and production techniques which offer better terms and cheaper in cost such as Perovskite solar cell
- 47. Countries especially undeveloped or developing countries should also take part in research and development of solar energy system
- 48. THANK YOU :)