Built-Functions in MySqll (Advance Database System)

A D V A N C E D A T A B A S E S Y S T E M
Functions (Built-In)
Gonzales, Khurt Dhan V.
Lledo, Denise Claire O.
Macellones, Angelo F.

O V E R V I E W
• Numeric functions
• String functions
• Date functions
• Calculating Dates and Times
• The IFNULL and COALESCE functions
• IF functions
• Case operator

T Y P E S O F S Q L B U I L T - I N F U N C T I O N S
1.Numeric functions
2.String functions
3.Date functions

N U M E R I C F U N C T I O N S
• ABS
• ROUND
• CEIL
• FLOOR
• MOD
• POWER
• SQRT
• GREATEST
• LEAST
• RAND

A B S
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT ABS (number);
SELECT ABS (-15);
The ABS() function returns the absolute value of a number.

R O U N D
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT ROUND (number, decimal, operations);
SELECT ROUND (123.4567, 2);
The ROUND() function rounds a number to a specified
number of decimal places.

C E I L
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT CEIL (number);
SELECT CEIL (6.2);
SELECT CEILING (number);
SELECT CEILING (6.2);
The CEILING() function returns the smallest integer value
that is larger than or equal to a number.

F L O O R
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT FLOOR (number);
SELECT FLOOR (5.8);
The FLOOR() function returns the largest integer value that
is smaller than or equal to a number.

M O D
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT MOD (dividend, divisor);
SELECT MOD (10, 3);
MOD() is a mathematical function that calculates the
remainder of the division of two numbers.

P O W E R
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT POWER (number, power);
SELECT POWER (2, 3);
The POWER() function returns the value of a number raised
to the power of another number.

S Q R T
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT SQRT (number);
SELECT SQRT (16);
The SQRT() function returns the square root of a number.

G R E A T E S T
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT GREATEST (column 1, column 2,...);
SELECT GREATEST (10, 20, 5, 30, 15);
The GREATEST() it returns the greatest value in a list of
expressions

L E A S T
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT LEAST (column 1, column 2,...);
SELECT LEAST (10, 20, 5, 30, 15);
The LEAST() it returns the smallest value in a list of
expressions.

R A N D
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT RAND ();
SELECT RAND ();
The RAND() function returns a random number between 0
(inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).

S T R I N G F U N C T I O N S
• CHAR_LENGTH
• CONCAT
• UPPER | UCASE
• LOWER | LCASE
• SUBSTRING | SUBSTR
• TRIM
• REPLACE
• REVERSE
• LEFT | RIGHT

C H A R _ L E N G T H
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT CHAR_LENGTH ();
SELECT CHAR_LENGTH (“Functions”);
The CHAR_LENGTH() function return the length of a string (in characters).
Note: This function is equal to the CHARACTER_LENGTH() function.

C O N C A T
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT CONCAT ();
SELECT CONCAT (“Sql”, “is”, “fun!”) AS ConcatenatedString ;
The CONCAT() function adds two or more strings together.

L E N G T H
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT LENGTH ();
SELECT LENGTH ();
The LENGTH() is used to find the length of a word.

U P P E R | U C A S E
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT UPPER ();
SELECT UPPER ();
The UPPER() function converts a string to upper-case.

L O W E R | L C A S E
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT LOWER ();
SELECT LOWER ();
The LOWER() function converts a string to lower-case.

S U B S T R I N G | S U B S T R
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT SUBSTRING(string, start, length);
SELECT SUBSTRING (“Hello, World!”, 1, 4) AS ExtractString;
The SUBSTRING() function extracts some characters from a
string.

T R I M
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT TRIM();
SELECT TRIM (' Hello, World! ') AS TrimmedString;
The TRIM() is used to cut the given symbol from the string

R E P L A C E
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT REPLACE ();
SELECT REPLACE("Hello, Chris!", "Chris", "John");
The REPLACE() function replaces all occurrences of a
substring within a string, with a new substring.

R E V E R S E
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT REVERSE ();
SELECT REVERSE (“Hello, everyone”);
The REVERSE() function reverses a string and returns the
result.

L E F T
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT LEFT (string, number_of_char);
SELECT LEFT (“SQL is fun”, 3) AS ExtractString;
The LEFT() function extracts a number of characters from a
string (starting from left).

R I G H T
S Y N T A X :
E X A M P L E :
SELECT RIGHT (string, number_of_char);
SELECT RIGHT(“SQL is fun”, 3) AS ExtractString;
The RIGHT() function extracts a number of characters from a
string (starting from right).

D A T E F U N C T I O N S
CURRENT_DATE
Returns current date
CURRENT_TIME
Returns current time
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
Returns current timestamp

T I M E S T A M P
2024-09-17 10:30:00
2024-09-17 10:30:00
D A T E T I M E

D A T E A N D T I M E F U N C T I O N S
DATE
Extracts the date part
from a datetime
expression (timestamp)
TIME
Extracts the time part
from a datetime
expression (timestamp)

D A T E
2024-09-17
2024 1
7
Y E A R D A Y
09
M O N T H

T I M E
12:00:00
12 00
H O U R S E C O N D
00
M I N U T E

D A T E _ A D D
The DATE_ADD() function adds a time/date interval to a date
and then returns the date.
S Y N T A X :
SELECT DATEADD(date, INTERVAL value addunit);

D A T E _ S U B
S Y N T A X :
SELECT DATE_SUB(date, INTERVAL value interval);
The DATE_SUB() function subtracts a time/date interval from a date
and then returns the date.

D A T E D I F F
S Y N T A X :
SELECT DATEDIFF(date1, date2);
The DATEDIFF() function returns the number of days between two
date values.

THE IF NULL
AND COALESCE
FUNCTIONS

I F N U L L
S Y N T A X :
IFNULL(expression, alt_value);
The IFNULL() function lets you return an alternative value if an
expression is NULL:

C O A L E S C E
S Y N T A X :
COALESCE(val1, val2, ...., val_n);
The COALESCE() function returns the first non-null value in a list.

T H E I F F U N C T I O N
S Y N T A X :
IF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false);
The IF() function returns a value if a condition is TRUE, or another
value if a condition is FALSE.

T H E C A S E O P E R A T O R
The CASE statement goes through conditions and return a value when the first
condition is met. So, once a condition is true, it will stop reading and return the
result.
If no conditions are true, it will return the value in the ELSE clause.
If there is no ELSE part and no conditions are true, it returns NULL.

S Y N T A X :
CASE
WHEN condition1 THEN result1
WHEN condition2 THEN result2
WHEN conditionN THEN resultN
ELSE result
END;

Thank you!
Gonzales, Khurt Dhan V.
Lledo, Denise Claire O.
Macellones, Angelo F.

Built-Functions in MySqll (Advance Database System)

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