The document discusses new features in C# 8 including readonly members, default interface methods, pattern matching with switch expressions and property patterns, using declarations, static local functions, asynchronous streams with IAsyncEnumerable, and null-coalescing assignment. Some key features covered are readonly members to prevent modification of struct fields and methods, default interface methods to provide implementation in interfaces, switch expressions as a cleaner alternative to switch statements, and property patterns for matching on property values in a switch expression.