Carbon cycle in the ocean discussion
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Evald Maceno is a graduate student at UPR writing an outline for a class on coastal environments. The document outlines carbon as an element and its physical and chemical properties. It describes carbon as part of a global cycle, moving between the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere. This carbon cycle is impacted by human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation, which increase CO2 levels and acidify the oceans. Rising ocean temperatures and acidification threaten marine life and food systems.
Carbon cycle in the ocean discussion
- 1. MACENO, Evald Graduate Student at UPR September 9, 2015 Coastal Environment CIAM 6117 Professor: Loratta Roberson, P.h.D
- 2. Outline What is carbon? Physical and chemical properties Carbon as cycle Major reservoirs of carbon on the earth Components of carbon cycle Carbon distribution How carbon gets in the ocean Exchange process between the ocean and the atmosphre Mechanisms of carbon into the ocean Sequestration of carbon in the ocean Unexpected impact of human in the carbon cycle Effect of changing the carbon cycle Consequences and acidification of the ocean Discussion References
- 3. What is carbon? An element It has 6 as atomic number and 12.01115 as atomic mass It’s a latin word « carbo » meaning coal or charcoal Natural abundant non-metallic element that occurs in many inorganic and all organic coumpounds
- 4. Physical and chemical properties of carbon Melting Point: 3500.0 °C (3773.15 K, 6332.0 °F) Boiling point : 4827.0 °C (5100.15 K, 8720.6 °F) Density: 2.26 gram per cubic centimeter C as chemical formula Oxidation when it combines with 02 to produce CO2 and CO Reactiviy Compounds: several million of compounds are known Ability to make long strings, or chains of atoms
- 5. Carbon as a cycle Carbon is transported through different component in our environment Carbon is transported between living and non-living components during the cycle Carbon cycle is considered as a biogeochemical cycle when carbon is moving different components involve like: biological interactions, geological activities and chemical reactions Carbon is a vital nutients: fat, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acid.
- 6. Reservoirs of carbon on the earth Carbon is found in several areas: Atmosphere ( CH4 and CO2) Biosphere (living and dead organisms) Lithosphere ( soil an rocks) Hydrosphere( oceans, rivers and lakes)
- 7. Major stores of carbon on the earth Sink Amount in billons of Metric tons Atmosphere 578 (as of 1700)- 766(as of 1999) Soil organic matter 1500 to 1600 Ocean 38,000 to 40,000 Marine sediments and sedimentary Rocks 66,000,000 to 100,000,000 Terrestrial Plants 540 to 610 Fossil Fuel Deposits 4000 : caserc.carleton.edu
- 8. Atmosphere Surface Ocean Deep Ocean Sediments CO2 CO2 CO2 ∆pCO2 > 0 (primarily upwelling regions) ∆pCO2 < 0 (primarily high latitudes) CO2 + CO3 2- + H2O 2HCO3 - Upwelling and vertical mixing Sinking particulate organic matter (“biological pump”) CO2 + H2O Organic Matter + O2 CO2 + CO3 2- + H2O 2HCO3 - CO2 + H2O Organic Matter + O2 Ca2+ + 2HCO3 2- CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O CO2 HCO3 - Bottom water formation (high latitudes) (“solubility pump”) Ca2+ + 2HCO3 2- CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O CO2 + H2O Organic Matter + O2 Oceans are largest “active” reservoir in the carbon cycle – primarily DIC
- 9. The components of the carbon cycle
- 10. carbon distribution in the ocean The ocean carbon cycle. Image credit: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- 11. How carbon gets in the ocean First ,CO2 gets in the ocean by diffusing into the sea surface waters and dissolving Chemical process the process depends on variables: wind, temperature of the water, sea surface mixing and co2 concentration AaAverage monthly co2 flux http://serc.carleton.edu/eslabs/carbon/6a.html
- 12. Atmosphere – Ocean Exchange Processes 12 When CO2 enters sea water, the following chemical reactions take place: CO2 dissolves in water Carbonic acid dissociates into ions Bicarbonate dissociates Net Reaction Carbon thus occurs as several species in seawater: CO2 gas, H2CO3, HCO3 -, and CO3 2- )(3222 aqCOHOHCO acidcarbonicliquidgas 332 HCOHCOH ebicarbonationhydrogenacidcarbonic 3 2 3 HCOHCO ebicarbonationhydrogencarbonate 3 2 3)(22 2HCOCOCOOH gas
- 13. Carbon gets into the ocean in three mechanisms The Physical carbon pump Biological carbon pump The Carbonate pump
- 14. The physical carbon pump Downwelling current occur in cold and water sink and bring dissolved CO2 into deep ocean Upwelling bring deep cold ocean water to the surface Dessolved can be released to the atmosphere http://serc.carleton.edu/eslabs/carbon/6a.html
- 15. Biological carbon pump Transforming carbon compound into news forms of carbon compounds Moving carbon throughout the ocean Source of oxygen Simplified oceanic biological pump. Credit: TERC
- 16. The carbonate pump Transport carbon down to deep ocean sediments. Facilitate shell-building by organisms. Ocean carbonate chemistry system http://serc.carleton.edu/eslabs/carbon/6a.html
- 17. Sequestration of carbon in the ocean Three mains process to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) such as: Biological process Physical process Chemical process
- 18. Biological sequestration of carbon in the ocean Phytoplankton Biological pump International weekly journal of science
- 19. How the process is happened Biological pump Phytoplankton as marine plant float in the photic zone for photosyntesis They use photosynthesis to create their own food Some species of fish and zooplankton eat phytoplanktons Those organisms release carbon dioxide back to the water and the atmosphere Dead phytoplankton go into sediment
- 20. Chemical sequestration of carbon in the ocean The process is done in form of mineral carbonation or mineral sequestration. Calcite crystal from the sweetwater, Mine Vilburnum Trend District
- 21. Unexpected impact of human on the carbon cycle According to the scientific resaerch made by Earth Observatory/NASA, people have a serious impact in the carbon cycle. Burning fossil fuels Land use Deforestation
- 22. Effect of changing the carbon cycle Ocean and plants have taken up 55% of the extra carbon people put into the atmosphere The rest of 45% stays in the atmosphere Impact each reservoir Warm the planet Make the ocean more acid putting marine life in danger
- 24. Consequences according to NASA article Earth temperature will increase at least another 0.6 degrees celicius( degree fahrenheit) Since 1750, the pH of the ocean’s surface is dropped to 0.1 to 30 percent change to in acidity. Warmer oceans Marine animals will have trouble to build their shell. Effects of Changing the Carbon Cycle/ http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov
- 25. Ocean acidification Sources: skeptical science Sssssssssssss Annual variations in atmospheric co2, oceanic co2, and ocean surface pH.
- 26. Discussion questions Why is the ocean carbon cycle important to study? What is the response time? How is the ocean carbon cycle affected by the climate change? How do anthropogenic activities affect the whole global carbon cycle? How does the ocean carbon cycle compare with the terrestrial carbon cycle? Do we think CO2 emission is significant in Porto Rico today? Will local changes in anthropogenic inputs impact the global carbon cycle? Is there a local cycle? Who is responsible for doing this important work - individuals, businesses, research institutions, governments, or........all of us?
- 27. references https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_carbon_cycle http://climatica.org.uk/climate-science-information/carbon-cycle http://www.indiana.edu/~geol105b/1425chap8.htm http://serc.carleton.edu/eslabs/carbon/6a.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_sequestration http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/climate_projects_05/productivity/ph ytoplankton.html http://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/oceanography/ocean-earth- system/ocean-carbon-cycle https://skepticalscience.com/ocean-acidification-global-warming- intermediate.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_minerals http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/CarbonCycle/page5.php