![Multiple Antenna Technique:
Multi-antenna transmission techniques can effectively improve both
downlink and uplink transmission performance.
When the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for every path
(between one antenna and user equipment [UE]) is sufficiently good,
at most four parallel data streams can be multiplexed for
simultaneous transmission, thus achieving much higher transmission
data rates.
In practice, multi-antenna techniques cannot continuously increase
transmission performance, because the constraints on terminal size,
complexity, and cost limit the number of antennas that can be
installed on a UE unit.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lte-160408125011/85/carrier-aggregation-for-LTE-3-320.jpg)
carrier aggregation for LTE
- 1. Carrier Aggregation for LTE-Advanced Mobile Communication Systems - JENIL J
- 2. Objective: to achieve high data rate in future IMT-Advanced mobile systems. To achieve 1gbps in Stationary/pedestrian. To achieve 100 mbps in high speed mobile environment.
- 3. Multiple Antenna Technique: Multi-antenna transmission techniques can effectively improve both downlink and uplink transmission performance. When the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for every path (between one antenna and user equipment [UE]) is sufficiently good, at most four parallel data streams can be multiplexed for simultaneous transmission, thus achieving much higher transmission data rates. In practice, multi-antenna techniques cannot continuously increase transmission performance, because the constraints on terminal size, complexity, and cost limit the number of antennas that can be installed on a UE unit.
- 4. Carrier Aggregation to aggregate two or more component carriers for supporting high- data-rate transmission over a wide bandwidth. 1gbps in Stationary/pedestrian. 100 mbps in high speed mobile environment.
- 5. Types of carrier aggregation: Continuous CA when multiple available component carriers are adjacent to each other Non-continuous CA when multiple available component carriers are separated along the frequency band
- 7. TECHNICAL CHALLENGES ASYMMETRIC CA CONTROL SIGNALING DESIGN HANDOVER CONTROL GUARD BAND SETTING
- 8. ASYMMETRIC CA Asymmetric CA will cause ambiguity in downlink component carrier selection, because it is difficult for an LTE Advanced to know the component carrier to which UE anchors in downlink during the random access process. The first scheme is to configure a physical random access channel (PRACH) on each component carrier with different parameters. Second uses only one downlink component carrier to bear the control channels relevant to the random access process (e.g., physical broadcast channel and synchronization channel).
- 9. CONTROL SIGNALING DESIGN First, with a minor modification of the control structure in LTE systems, each component carrier can have its own coded control channel. Second, the control channels of different component carriers can be jointly coded and deployed in a dedicated component carrier. The control information for multiple component carriers will be integrated as the signaling content in this dedicated control channel, thus effectively reducing the signaling overhead in CA. Third, multiple control channels for different component carriers are jointly coded and then transmitted over the entire frequency band formed by a CA scheme.
- 10. HANDOVER CONTROL Since the channel conditions of two (or more) adjacent cells (eNBs) may be completely different for the specific UE, it is very challenging for the next eNB to guarantee the reservation of sufficient system resources
- 11. GUARD BAND SETTING For non-continuous CA, component carriers are usually separated by sufficient bandwidth, so the interference between them is negligible. But there are still frequency bands of other systems adjacent to each component carrier of LTE Advanced systems. In the high-speed mobile environment, large Doppler frequency shift will affect the orthogonality between adjacent frequency bands and cause interference between them. Therefore, for both continuous and noncontinuous CA, the guard band setting for a component carrier should be carefully set