Case study of amazon EC2 by Akash Badone
- 1. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) BY AKASH BADONE
- 2. Several Historical Trends Shared Utility Computing 1960s – MULTICS – Concept of a Shared Computing Utility 1970s – IBM Mainframes – rent by the CPU-hour. (Fast/slow switch.) Data Center Co-location 1990s-2000s – Rent machines for months/years, keep them close to the network access point and pay a flat rate. Avoid running your own building with utilities! Pay as You Go Early 2000s - Submit jobs to a remote service provider where they run on the raw hardware. Sun Cloud ($1/CPU-hour, Solaris +SGE) IBM Deep Capacity Computing on Demand (50 cents/hour) Virtualization 1960s – OS-VM, VM-360 – Used to split mainframes into logical partitions. 1998 – VMWare – First practical implementation on X86, but at significant performance hit. 2003 – Xen para virtualization provides much perf, but kernel must assist. Late 2000s – Intel and AMD add hardware support for virtualization.
- 3. Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) Amazon web services for computing EC2 Elastic Map Reduce (EMR). Data storage solutions (DynamoDB, RDS, S3 or EBS). Hope to use multiple features for storing input/output files and perform intensive computations.
- 4. What is EC2? Amazon Elastic Cloud Computing Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Allows customers to rent virtual computers by the hour. All they need to provide is money, and they will have a virtual server instance.
- 5. Getting Started with Amazon EC2 Step 1: Sign up for Amazon EC2 Step 2: Create a key pair Step 3: Launch an Amazon EC2 instance Step 4: Connect to the instance Step 5: Customize the instance Step 6: Terminate instance and delete the volume created
- 6. EC2 Layers
- 7. EC2 Diagram
- 8. Types of Instances Free Tier Use AWS instances for up to 12 months (minimal performance) On-Demand Setup and tear down whenever you need to Reserved Pay up front for servers with contracts Spot Bid for unused capacity, but no control over when it’s terminated
- 9. EC2 instances A virtual computing environment with a web interface. Create and configure an “instance” (Amazon Machine Image) Example: Extra large instance (standard) 15GB of memory 8 EC2 Compute Units (4 virtual cores) 1690GB of local storage 64 bit platform Also offers cluster compute instances Example Cluster Compute Eight Extra large with 60GB memory, 88 EC2 units, 3370 local storage, 64-bit platform, 10 Gigabit Ethernet.
- 10. EC2 Instances Operating system Windows Server, Ubuntu Linux, Red Hat Enterprise linux etc. Currently using AWS’s free usage tier (Getting started!) Pay for the capacity actually consumed (http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/#pricing). Regional Servers located in 8 regions (US East, US West, EU, Asia Pacific etc) Currently running a t1.micro instance Ubuntu Server version 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot) 64-bit.
- 11. Amazon AWS Grew out of Amazon’s need to rapidly provision and configure machines of standard configurations for its own business. Early 2000s – Both private and shared data centers began using virtualization to perform “server consolidation” 2003 – Internal memo by Chris Pinkham describing an “infrastructure service for the world.” 2006 – S3 first deployed in the spring, EC2 in the fall 2008 – Elastic Block Store available. 2009 – Relational Database Service 2012 – Dynamo DB Does it turn a profit?
- 13. Virtualization Paravirtual Paravirtual AMIs boot with a special boot loader called PV-GRUB, which starts the boot cycle and then chain loads the kernel specified in the menu.lst file on your image Hardware Virtual Machine Unlike PV guests, HVM guests can take advantage of hardware extensions that provide fast access to the underlying hardware on the host system Allows user to run an operating system directly on top of a virtual machine without any modification, as if it were run on the bare-metal hardware.
- 14. Virtualization Specifications Xen Hypervisor for virtualization Provides services that allow multiple computer operation systems to execute on the same computer hardware Hardware specifications are tailored to the needs of the use Storage, Computing, Memory, Graphics Why did Amazon choose Xen?
- 15. XEN Hypervisor Basic abstraction layer of software that sits directly on the hardware below any operating systems. Responsible for CPU scheduling and memory partitioning of the various virtual machines running on the hardware device. Controls the execution of virtual machines as they share the common processing environment. No knowledge of networking, external storage devices, video, or any other common I/O functions found on a computing system.
- 16. Storage Amazon EC2 uses two different kinds of storage. One is local storage, known as Instance Storage, which is non-persistent and data will be lost after an instance terminates. The other kind is persistent, network-based storage called Elastic Block Store(EBS), which can be attached to running instances or also used as a persistent boot medium. Instance Storage EBS
- 17. Elastic Block Storage Provides raw data blocks that can be attached to EC2 instances. (Essentially works as network drives) Can be backed up and restored to another instance for when failures occur on an a current instance
- 18. Instance Storage
- 19. Costs (On Demand) Why did Amazon choose this method of charging customers? • Compute • Storage • Network IOPS