Causation for Separation (History Sec 2 syllabus)
- 1. Lesson on merger and separation from Malaysia 1963-1965 • Identify the issues and historical events related to separation in 1965 “ Why was Malaysia formed in September, 1963?” “Why did Singapore separate from Malaysia on 9 August 1965”?
- 2. Lesson on merger 1963 • Identify the issues and historical events related to separation in 1965 “ Why was Malaysia formed in September, 1963?”
- 3. Watch this video and keep in mind these questions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjkrBKuN6CY • What are the different events people portrayed in the video about Singapore’s separation from Malaysia? • Who are the main characters in this event? Your teacher will then give you a deeper account of the following: • Their background to the formation of merger in 1963 • The conditions that both countries and political leaders found themselves in • Their possible thoughts/emotions/wishes and actions between 1963 to 1965 • The consequences of their thoughts and actions
- 4. Singapore Name: Lee Kuan Yew DOB/ DOD: 1923 – 2015 • Prime Minister of Singapore in 1959 • Leader in the People’s Action Party (PAP) • Formed PAP as a multi-racial party in 1954 • Always felt that merger with Malaya made sense. Would also win for Singapore independence. Unfortunately, Tunku was not keen on merger. • Lost Hong Lim and Anson Bi-elections. • Growing popularity of Barisan Socialis, a political party set up by former left-wing members of the PAP who had been expelled.
- 5. Malaysia Name: Tunku Abdul Rahman DOB/ DOD: 1903-1990 • 7th son of Sultan of Kedah • Prime Minister of Malaysia in 1963. Helped Malaya achieve independence in 1957 • Leader in UMNO (United Malay National Organisation) • Formed Alliance Party with Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) and Malay Indian Congress (MIC) to participate in elections • Concerned about growing strength of leftist political parties and communism in Singapore. Portrait of Tunku Abdul Rahman
- 6. 1955 Malayan General Election Posters
- 7. Britain https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw109124/Edwin-Duncan-Sandys-Baron-Duncan-Sandys Name: Duncan Sandys DOB/ DOD: 1908-1987 • Former, son-In-Law of British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill • Minster of Defence, 1957 to 1959 • Secretary of State for the Colonies, 1962-1964 • Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, 1960-1964 • He was a Conservative and concerned about British decolonization and wanted to ensure that British interests were still maintained even after giving the colonies independence. • He was a tough negotiator and his theory was: “if you can't convince them, batter at them until they agree out of sheer weariness”.
- 8. Source 1: Tungku Abdul Rahman’s speech after he returns from discussions with the British in London on the creation of Malaysia in August, 1962. • The path to the formation of Malaysia has been clearly laid out. • This is what is desired, an example, because these are times of strife, all because of class, race, language, and religion. • But we can co-exist in harmony and with good sentiments towards each other no matter the race, religion, colour of skin. • It doesn’t matter as long as we can live together as one. • Hidup Malaysia (Long Live Malaysia!) • Merdeka Malaysia! • I’d like to invite my friend, Encik Lee Kuan Yew, to say a few words.”
- 9. Source 2：Source 2: Lee Kuan Yew’s speech after he returns from discussions with the British in London on the creation of Malaysia in August, 1962. • Singapore has been the heart of commerce in Southeast Asia for more than a hundred years and the 1.6 million people of Singapore are industrious and capable of helping this nation to become even more prosperous. • That’s what the Federation of Malaysia is about. • Not as accused by the Moscow radio, a form of neo-colonialism. • If a nation state does not fall under their administration, they call it colonization. If it does, they call it independence!
- 10. Historical context Tunku Abdul Rahman Lee Kuan Yew What was the relationship like between both political leaders in 1965? What did they stand to gain/benefit for Singapore/Malaya? What risks did they have to take in 1963? If you look at events in 1963, what did they fail to forsee? (i.e.
- 12. 196 1 196 2 196 4 1846 1857 1955 1900 1963 27 May, 1961: Tunku Abdul Rahman’s Malaysia Plan July, 1960: Emergency Ends Aug 1961 – Feb 1962 Malaysia Solidarity Consultative Committee set up 16 Jan, 1962: Cobbold Commission July-Aug 1962:Discussion of Malaysia Plan in London 196 3 20 Jan,1963 – 1966: Indonesia’s declares Konfrontasi and opposes Malaysia 10 March, 1965: Mcdonald House bombing Feb, 1963: Operation Cold Store 10 July, 1963: Signing of the Malaysia Agreement in London Autonomy in labor and education in exchange for 15 seats in the Dewan Rakyat 31 Aug, 1963: Sg declares de-facto independence 30 July 1963: Tunku meets Sukarno and Macapagal in Manila Malaysia is postponed to 16 Sept 1963 Oct 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis 1959 – 1965: Growing US involvement in Vietnam 16 Sept 1963: Malaysia Day: 21Sept 1963: General Elections in Singapore 25 April 1964: Federal Elections in Malaysia Alliance Party (UMNO/ MCA /MIC) 89/104 25 May 1963: Showdown in Dewan Ra’ayat, Kuala Lumpur. 12 July, 1964 Televised rally of Syed Albar Jaafar at New Star Cinema in Pasir Panjang 21 July 1964: Race Riots 2 Sept, 1964: Race Riots 196 5 May, 1965 Malaysian Solidarity Convention formed 29 June, 1965: Tunku decided on Separation while recovering from shingles in London PAP: 37/51 BS: 13 Sg Alliance: 0 Razak Hussein Goh Keng Swee & E.W. Barker
- 13. Lesson on separation 1965 • Identify the issues and historical events related to separation in 1965 “Why did Singapore separate from Malaysia on 9 August 1965”?
- 14. Causation Conditions/Situations/Circumstances • Often beyond your control • Limits your choice of action/ decisions • Like being in a box Person/ People/ Groups of People • Historical agents Actions Consequences/ Results/ Impact Intended Unintended
- 15. Watch this video and keep in mind these questions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjkrBKuN6CY • What are the different events people portrayed in the video about Singapore’s separation from Malaysia? • Who are the main characters in this event? Your teacher will then give you a deeper account of the following: • Their background to the formation of merger in 1963 • The conditions that both countries and political leaders found themselves in • Their possible thoughts/emotions/wishes and actions between 1963 to 1965 • The consequences of their thoughts and actions
- 16. Causation Conditions/Situations/Circumstances • Often beyond your control • Limits your choices/ decisions • Like being in a box Person/ People/ Groups of People • Historical agents Actions Consequences/ Results/ Impact Intended Unintended What led to merger in 1963? • Economic reasons/ trade • Independence • Lefist/Pro-communists
- 17. Causation Conditions/Situations/Circumstances • Often beyond your control • Limits your choices/ decisions • Like being in a box Person/ People/ Groups of People • Historical agents Actions Consequences/ Results/ Impact Intended Unintended What led to separation in 1965? • Economic reasons/ trade • Independence • Lefist/Pro-communists