CCA and DRR
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Disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation both aim to reduce vulnerability to hazards. They emphasize working at the community level and view development as key. While they have similarities, they also have differences in terms of actors, language, and levels of intervention. There is a need for more integrated and coordinated approaches between disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategies and frameworks.
CCA and DRR
- 1. Linking CCA and DRR Markos 1
- 2. Introduction Similarities of DRR and CCA Differences of DRR and CCA Need to collaboration Markos 2
- 3. Global environmental change and natural hazards not beyond our control, nor are their impacts Sustainable development necessary to reduce vulnerability – development not always sustainable Responding to climate change requires understanding how to manage risk: lessons from disaster risk reduction community (practitioners, experts) Uncertainty about future change is not a limitation – most risk is caused by our exposure and sensitivity to a hazard, not the hazard itself Markos 3
- 4. Mitigation: Measures aimed at reducing the level of emission of carbon substances into the atmosphere Markos 4
- 5. Process of adjusting to a changing climate, through explicit and planned interventions, or spontaneously as a consequence of inherent flexibility Markos 5
- 6. Interventions, approaches and policy frameworks to avoid or minimise hazard impacts on societies and environment, focusing on reducing vulnerability to hazards Expanded beyond ‘risk management’ to incorporate lessons into planning: focus on reducing risk, rather than only on reconstructing the previous conditions (‘disaster accumulation’) Markos 6
- 7. Disaster risk reduction: The broad development and application of policies, strategies and practices to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout society, through prevention, mitigation and preparedness. Markos 7
- 8. Similarities CCA is about reducing vulnerability to climate hazards; DRR is about reducing vulnerability to all hazards. Note: Both emphasis on vulnerability reduction Both are long-term processes and are not ‘quick-fix’ approaches Markos 8
- 9. Development lies at the heart of both DRR and CCA Both approaches have a strong emphasis of working at community level to build resilience Markos 9
- 10. Different actors and lack of communication Adaptation can be a response to positive changes; DRR always a response to negative events DRR local issue, whereas climate change is a regional and global issue. This implies differences in levels of intervention, responsibility, impact and relevance Markos 10
- 11. Climate change seen as abstract, disasters seen as real. Most people cannot conceptualise climate change, but have experienced or witnessed at least one disaster Uncertainty in climate change impacts makes understanding it difficult; imagining a disaster is easier Markos 11
- 12. Difference between emergency operations and long-term outlook of adaptation: role of humanitarian relief in disaster operations not consistent with risk and vulnerability reduction approach, nor with long-term outlook of adaptation Disaster risk reduction uses less ‘technical’ language than climate change science and policy. Markos 12
- 13. DRR tackles the risks of geophysical hazards (like volcanoes and earthquakes), whereas adaptation does not. Adaptation also considers the long-term adjustment to changes in mean climatic condition, including the opportunities that this can provide, whereas DRR is predominantly interested in extremes. Markos 13
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- 18. CCA strategies aim to reduce vulnerability to expected impacts of climate change. The concept of CCA is broad CCA strategies exist across local and global scales, from community level responses through to local, national and international government interventions. Markos 18
- 19. community level strategies improvements to agricultural systems such as crop diversification or the introduction of hazard resistant crop varieties risk assessments and associated plans the protection of natural resources early warning systems education and awareness measures and protection of water resources Markos 19
- 20. At the national level for least developed countries, some countries have developed National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs). NAPAs identify areas in which adaptation strategies are essential in mitigating against adverse climate change effects. Markos 20
- 21. DRR and CCA need more integrated approach The institutional frameworks, political processes, funding mechanisms, information exchange and practitioner communities have developed independently and remain largely separate to date. Markos 21
- 22. There is no systematic integration of disaster risk management and climate change adaptation Government departments responsible for poverty and DRR are in some cases aware of vulnerability to extreme climate events, but have no means of co-ordination Markos 22
- 23. Confusion over similarities and differences Concern over different approaches Lack of clarity regarding how integration is achieved Markos 23
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