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CCNA IP version 4 subnetting-140104012952-phpapp01.ppt

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KesavarapuVaralababu

The document elaborates on subnetting principles, including the calculation of hosts and subnets based on different host bit and network bit configurations. It provides various examples using Class C and Class B networks to illustrate subnetting for specific requirements, including the necessary number of hosts and subnets, while utilizing subnet masks. Each example includes calculated ranges of network IDs and broadcast IDs, as well as customized subnet masks for effective subnetting management.

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2 Example – 1 • One bit masking is Invalid, You are not getting any networks when you convert 1 host bit to network bit. Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 = 21 – 2 = 2 – 2 = 0 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxx HELP
3 Example – 2 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 21 – 2 = 2 – 2 = 0 Hosts/Subnet • In this case, You are not getting any host when you convert 7 host bit to network bit. Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 = 27 – 2 = 128 – 2 = 126 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
4 Example – 3 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 20 – 2 = 0 – 2 = -2 Hosts/Subnet • In this case, You are not getting any host when you convert 8 host bit to network bit. Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 = 28 – 2 = 256 – 2 = 254 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
5 Requirement of Hosts is 40 ? Example – 1 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 22 – 2 = 4 – 2 = 2 Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 • No. of Host = 2h – 2  Req. of Host = 26 – 2  40 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 64 – 2 = 62 Hosts/Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
6 x Example – 1 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11000000 x Valid Subnets 192.168.1.192 – 192.168.1.255 – 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.64 – 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.128 – 192.168.1.191 192 If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits 2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192 Subnet Range 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
7 Requirement of Hosts is 2 ? Example – 2 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 26 – 2 = 64 – 2 = 62 Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 • No. of Host = 2h – 2  Req. of Host = 22 – 2  2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 4 – 2 = 2 Hosts/Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
8 x Example – 2 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11111100 x Valid Subnets 192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.251 192.168.1.252 – 192.168.1.255 – 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 – 192.168.1.7 192.168.1.8 – 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.12 – 192.168.1.15 252
9 Cisco / Notation Example – 1 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 23 – 2 = 8 – 2 = 6 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0/29 Extra Network Bits = 29 – 24 = 5 Put n value = 5 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 = 25 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 32 – 2 = 30 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
10 Example – 1 (Continued…) • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11111000 x x Valid Subnets 192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.247 192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.255 – 192.168.1.7 192.168.1.8 – 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.23 192.168.1.24 – 192.168.1.31 • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.0 248 If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits 30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.248 Subnet Range 192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23 192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39 192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247
11 Cisco / Notation Example – 2 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 24 – 2 = 16 – 2 = 14 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0/28 Extra Network Bits = 28 – 24 = 4 Put n value = 4 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 = 24 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 16 – 2 = 14 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
12 x Example – 2 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11110000 x Valid Subnets 192.168.1.224 – 192.168.1.239 192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.255 – 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 – 192.168.1.47 192.168.1.48 – 192.168.1.63 240 If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits 14 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.240 Subnet Range 192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.47 192.168.1.48 to 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.80 192.168.1.224 to 192.168.1.239
13 Requirement of Networks is 2 ? Example – 1 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 214 – 2 = 16384 – 2 = 16382 Hosts/Subnet Class B : N.N.H.H 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class B : 172.16.0.0 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2  Req. of Subnet = 22 – 2  2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 4 – 2 = 2 Subnet 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
14 Example – 1 (Continued…) • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 0 11000000. 00000000 x x Valid Subnets 172.16.192.0 – 172.16.255.255 • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 172.16.0.0 – 172.16.63.255 172.16.64.0 – 172.16.127.255 172.16.128.0 – 172.16.191.255 192. If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits 2 Subnet & 16382 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.192.0 Subnet Range 172.16.64.0 to 172.16.127.255 172.16.128.0 to 172.16.191.255
15 Requirement of Hosts is 126 ? Example – 2 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 29 – 2 = 512 – 2 = 510 Subnet Class B : N.N.H.H 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class B : 172.16.0.0 • No. of Host = 2h – 2  Req. of Host = 27 – 2  126 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID) = 128 – 2 = 126 Hosts/Subnet 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
16 x Example – 2 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 172.16.0.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 10000000 x Valid Subnets – 172.16.0.127 172.16.0.128 – 172.16.0.255 172.16.1.0 – 172.16.1.127 172.16.1.128 – 172.16.1.255 172.16.255.0 – 172.16.255.127 172.16.255.128 – 172.16.255.255 128 If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits 510 Subnet & 126 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.128 Subnet Range 172.16.0.128 to 172.16.0.255 172.16.1.0 to 172.16.1.127 172.16.1.128 to 172.16.1.255 172.16.2.0 to 172.16.2.127 172.16.255.0 to 172.16.255.127
17 Cisco / Notation Example – 3 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 210 – 2 = 1024 – 2 = 1022 Hosts/Subnet Class B : N.N.H.H 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class B : 172.16.0.0/22 Extra Network Bits = 22 – 16 = 6 Put n value = 6 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 = 26 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 64 – 2 = 62 Subnet 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
18 x Example – 3 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 172.16.0.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11111100. 00000000 x Valid Subnets 172.16.248.0 – 172.16.251.255 172.16.252.0 – 172.16.255.255 – 172.16.3.255 172.16.4.0 – 172.16.7.255 172.16.8.0 – 172.16.11.255 172.16.12.0 – 172.16.15.255 0 252. If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits 62 Subnet & 1022 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.252.0 Subnet Range 172.16.4.0 to 172.16.7.255 172.16.8.0 to 172.16.11.255 172.16.12.0 to 172.16.15.255 172.16.16.0 to 172.16.19.255 172.16.248.0 to 172.16.251.255
19 Requirement of Networks is 500 ? Example – 1 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 215 – 2 = 32768 – 2 = 32766 Hosts/Subnet Class A : N.H.H.H 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class A : 10.0.0.0 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2  Req. of Subnet = 29 – 2  500 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 512 – 2 = 510 Subnet 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
20 x Example – 1 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 10.0.0.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.10000000. 00000000 x Valid Subnets – 10.0.127.255 10.0.128.0 – 10.0.255.255 10.1.0.0 – 10.1.127.255 10.1.128.0 – 10.1.255.255 10.255.0.0 – 10.255.127.255 10.255.128.0 – 10.255.255.255 0 128. If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits 510 Subnet & 32766 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.128.0 Subnet Range 10.0.128.0 to 10.0.255.255 10.1.0.0 to 10.1.127.255 10.1.128.0 to 10.1.255.255 10.2.0.0 to 10.2.127.255 10.255.0.0 to 10.255.127.255
21 Requirement of Hosts is 260000 ? Example – 2 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 26 – 2 = 64 – 2 = 62 Subnet Class A : N.H.H.H 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class A : 10.0.0.0 • No. of Host = 2h – 2  Req. of Host = 218 – 2  260000 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID) = 262144 – 2 = 262142 Hosts/Subnet 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
22 x Example – 2 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 10.0.0.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 252. 11111100.00000000. 00000000 x Valid Subnets – 10.3.255.255 10.4.0.0 – 10.7.255.255 10.8.0.0 – 10.11.255.255 10.12.0.0 – 10.15.255.255 10.248.0.0 – 10.251.255.255 10.252.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 0 0. If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits 62 Subnet & 262142 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.252.0.0 Subnet Range 10.4.0.0 to 10.3.255.255 10.8.0.0 to 10.7.255.255 10.12.0.0 to 10.15.255.255 10.16.0.0 to 10.19.255.255 10.248.0.0 to 10.251.255.255
23 Cisco / Notation Example – 3 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 212 – 2 = 4096 – 2 = 4094 Hosts/Subnet Class A : N.H.H.H 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class A : 10.0.0.0/20 Extra Network Bits = 20 – 8 = 12 Put n value = 12 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 = 212 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 4096 – 2 = 4094 Subnet 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
24 x Example – 3 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 10.0.0.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11110000. 00000000 x Valid Subnets 10.255.224.0 – 10.255.239.255 10.255.240.0 – 10.255.255.255 – 10.0.15.255 10.0.16.0 – 10.0.31.255 10.0.32.0 – 10.0.47.255 10.0.48.0 – 10.0.63.255 0 240. If you convert 12 Host Bits to Network Bits 4094 Subnet & 4094 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.240.0 Subnet Range 10.0.16.0 to 10.31.255.255 10.0.32.0 to 10.47.255.255 10.0.48.0 to 10.63.255.255 10.0.64.0 to 10.79.255.255 10.255.224.0 to 10.255.239.255
25 • Subnetting a subnet is called as Variable Length Subnet Mask • VLSMs provide the capability to include more than one subnet mask within a major network VLSM
26 ZOOM Technologies is having 100 PC • ZOOM Technologies – 192.168.1.0/24 – MCSE – CISCO – FIREWALL – SOLARIS – TRAINING • Administrator’s requirement : Inter-department communication should not be possible ? Best Solution is : FLSM i.e. Subnetting Scenario
27 Scenario (…continued) ZOOM Technologies – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – SOLARIS – Linux – Unix – Solaris – TRAINING Now we are also having sub departments
28 • Administrator does not want inter-department communication in the sub departments ? Answer : You will use the subnet range to further divide it into smaller ranges, this time its Subnetting of a Subnet i.e. VLSM. Scenario (…continued)
29 Calculation of FLSM • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 25 – 2 = 32 – 2 = 30 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2  Req. of Subnet = 23 – 2  5 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 8 – 2 = 6 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
30 x FLSM (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11100000 192.168.1.32 192.168.1.64 192.168.1.96 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.160 192.168.1.192 192.168.1.224 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.159 192.168.1.191 192.168.1.223 192.168.1.255 x Valid Subnets 224 If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits 6 Subnet & 30 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224 Subnet Range 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.63. 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159 192.168.1.160 to 192.168.1.191 192.168.1.192 to 192.168.1.223
31 ZOOM Technologies – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – SOLARIS – Linux – Unix – Solaris – TRAINING Assigning of the Ranges 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27
32 Calculation of VLSM for CISCO Dept. • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 24 – 2 = 16 – 2 = 14 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.64 • No. of Subnet = 2n  Req. of Subnet = 21  2 = 2 = 2 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
33 VLSM (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.64 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11110000 Valid Subnets 240 – 192.168.1.79 192.168.1.80 – 192.168.1.95 If you convert 1 more Host Bit to Network Bit 2 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.240 Subnet Range 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.79 192.168.1.80 to 192.168.1.95
34 Assigning of the Ranges 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28 ZOOM Technologies – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – SOLARIS – Linux – Unix – Solaris – TRAINING 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
35 Calculation of VLSM for Firewall Dept. • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 22 – 2 = 4 – 2 = 2 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.96 • No. of Subnet = 2n  Req. of Subnet = 23  5 = 8 = 8 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
36 VLSM (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.96 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11111100 Valid Subnets 252 – 192.168.1.99 192.168.1.100 – 192.168.1.103 192.168.1.104 – 192.168.1.107 192.168.1.108 – 192.168.1.111 192.168.1.112 – 192.168.1.115 192.168.1.116 – 192.168.1.119 192.168.1.120 – 192.168.1.123 192.168.1.124 – 192.168.1.127 If you convert 3 more Host Bit to Network Bit 8 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252 Subnet Range 192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.99 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.103 192.168.1.104 to 192.168.1.107 192.168.1.108 to 192.168.1.111 192.168.1.112 to 192.168.1.115 192.168.1.116 to 192.168.1.119 192.168.1.120 to 192.168.1.123 192.168.1.124 to 192.168.1.127
37 Assigning of the Ranges ZOOM Technologies – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – SOLARIS – Linux – Unix – Solaris – TRAINING 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28 192.168.1.96 – 1.99/30 192.168.1.100 – 1.103/30 192.168.1.104 – 1.107/30 192.168.1.108 – 1.111/30 192.168.1.112 – 1.115/30
38 Calculation of VLSM for Solaris Dept. • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 23 – 2 = 8 – 2 = 6 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.128 • No. of Subnet = 2n  Req. of Subnet = 22  3 = 4 = 4 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
39 VLSM (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.128 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11111000 Valid Subnets 248 – 192.168.1.135 192.168.1.136 – 192.168.1.143 192.168.1.144 – 192.168.1.151 192.168.1.152 – 192.168.1.159 If you convert 2 more Host Bit to Network Bit 4 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.248 Subnet Range 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.135 192.168.1.136 to 192.168.1.143 192.168.1.144 to 192.168.1.151 192.168.1.152 to 192.168.1.159
40 Assigning of the Ranges ZOOM Technologies – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – SOLARIS – Linux – Unix – Solaris – TRAINING 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28 192.168.1.96 – 1.99/30 192.168.1.100 – 1.103/30 192.168.1.104 – 1.107/30 192.168.1.108 – 1.111/30 192.168.1.112 – 1.115/30 192.168.1.128 – 1.135/29 192.168.1.136 – 1.143/29 192.168.1.144 – 1.151/29
41 VSNL ROUTER 192.168.1.0/24 1.64/28 1.79/28 1.96/30 1.100/30 1.104/30 1.108/30 1.112/30 1.32/27 1.64/27 1.96/27 1.128/27 1.160/27 1.128/29 1.136/29 1.144/29
42 • It is reverse (inverse) of Subnetting • Combining of Multiple Networks to Single Networks • Converting Network Bits to Hosts Bits i.e. Converting 1’s into 0’s • Generally design for Class C networks • Easier Summarization • It is also known as Supernetting CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing
43 VSNL ROUTER 192.168.1.0/24 1.64/28 1.79/28 1.96/30 1.100/30 1.104/30 1.108/30 1.112/30 1.32/27 1.64/27 1.96/27 1.128/27 1.160/27 1.128/29 1.136/29 1.144/29
44 Requirement of Hosts is 1000 ? Example – 1 Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.0.0 • No. of Host = 2h – 2  Req. of Host = 210 – 2  1000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 1024 – 2 = 1022 Hosts/Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
45 Example – 1 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.0.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11111100. 00000000 Valid Subnets 192.168.248.0 – 192.168.251.255 192.168.252.0 – 192.168.255.255 – 192.168.3.255 192.168.4.0 – 192.168.7.255 192.168.8.0 – 192.168.11.255 192.168.12.0 – 192.168.15.255 0 252.
46 Requirement of Hosts is 12000 ? Example – 2 Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.0.0 • No. of Host = 2h – 2  Req. of Host = 214 – 2  12000 (-2 is for Network ID &BroadcastID) = 16384 – 2 = 16382 Hosts/Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
47 Example – 2 (Continued…) • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 0 11000000. 00000000 • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.63.255 192.168.64.0 – 192.168.127.255 192.168.128.0 – 192.168.191.255 192.168.192.0 – 192.168.255.255 192.
48
49 POWER TABLE 21 = 2 22 = 4 23 = 8 24 = 16 25 = 32 26 = 64 27 = 128 28 = 256 29 = 512 210 = 1024 211 = 2048 212 = 4096 213 = 8192 214 = 16384 215 = 32768 216 = 65536 217 = 131072 218 = 262144 219 = 524288 220 = 1048576 221 = 2097152 222 = 4194304 223 = 8388608 224 = 16777216 225 = 33554432 226 = 67108864 227 = 134217728 228 = 268435456 229 = 536870912 230 = 1073741824 231 = 2147483648 232 = 4294967296 Power table

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CCNA IP version 4 subnetting-140104012952-phpapp01.ppt

  • 1. 1
  • 2. 2 Example – 1 • One bit masking is Invalid, You are not getting any networks when you convert 1 host bit to network bit. Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 = 21 – 2 = 2 – 2 = 0 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxx HELP
  • 3. 3 Example – 2 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 21 – 2 = 2 – 2 = 0 Hosts/Subnet • In this case, You are not getting any host when you convert 7 host bit to network bit. Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 = 27 – 2 = 128 – 2 = 126 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 4. 4 Example – 3 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 20 – 2 = 0 – 2 = -2 Hosts/Subnet • In this case, You are not getting any host when you convert 8 host bit to network bit. Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 = 28 – 2 = 256 – 2 = 254 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 5. 5 Requirement of Hosts is 40 ? Example – 1 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 22 – 2 = 4 – 2 = 2 Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 • No. of Host = 2h – 2  Req. of Host = 26 – 2  40 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 64 – 2 = 62 Hosts/Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 6. 6 x Example – 1 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11000000 x Valid Subnets 192.168.1.192 – 192.168.1.255 – 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.64 – 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.128 – 192.168.1.191 192 If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits 2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192 Subnet Range 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
  • 7. 7 Requirement of Hosts is 2 ? Example – 2 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 26 – 2 = 64 – 2 = 62 Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 • No. of Host = 2h – 2  Req. of Host = 22 – 2  2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 4 – 2 = 2 Hosts/Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 8. 8 x Example – 2 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11111100 x Valid Subnets 192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.251 192.168.1.252 – 192.168.1.255 – 192.168.1.3 192.168.1.4 – 192.168.1.7 192.168.1.8 – 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.12 – 192.168.1.15 252
  • 9. 9 Cisco / Notation Example – 1 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 23 – 2 = 8 – 2 = 6 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0/29 Extra Network Bits = 29 – 24 = 5 Put n value = 5 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 = 25 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 32 – 2 = 30 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 10. 10 Example – 1 (Continued…) • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11111000 x x Valid Subnets 192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.247 192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.255 – 192.168.1.7 192.168.1.8 – 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.23 192.168.1.24 – 192.168.1.31 • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.0 248 If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits 30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.248 Subnet Range 192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23 192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39 192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247
  • 11. 11 Cisco / Notation Example – 2 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 24 – 2 = 16 – 2 = 14 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0/28 Extra Network Bits = 28 – 24 = 4 Put n value = 4 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 = 24 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 16 – 2 = 14 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 12. 12 x Example – 2 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11110000 x Valid Subnets 192.168.1.224 – 192.168.1.239 192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.255 – 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 – 192.168.1.47 192.168.1.48 – 192.168.1.63 240 If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits 14 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.240 Subnet Range 192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.47 192.168.1.48 to 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.80 192.168.1.224 to 192.168.1.239
  • 13. 13 Requirement of Networks is 2 ? Example – 1 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 214 – 2 = 16384 – 2 = 16382 Hosts/Subnet Class B : N.N.H.H 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class B : 172.16.0.0 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2  Req. of Subnet = 22 – 2  2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 4 – 2 = 2 Subnet 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 14. 14 Example – 1 (Continued…) • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 0 11000000. 00000000 x x Valid Subnets 172.16.192.0 – 172.16.255.255 • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 172.16.0.0 – 172.16.63.255 172.16.64.0 – 172.16.127.255 172.16.128.0 – 172.16.191.255 192. If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits 2 Subnet & 16382 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.192.0 Subnet Range 172.16.64.0 to 172.16.127.255 172.16.128.0 to 172.16.191.255
  • 15. 15 Requirement of Hosts is 126 ? Example – 2 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 29 – 2 = 512 – 2 = 510 Subnet Class B : N.N.H.H 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class B : 172.16.0.0 • No. of Host = 2h – 2  Req. of Host = 27 – 2  126 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID) = 128 – 2 = 126 Hosts/Subnet 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 16. 16 x Example – 2 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 172.16.0.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 10000000 x Valid Subnets – 172.16.0.127 172.16.0.128 – 172.16.0.255 172.16.1.0 – 172.16.1.127 172.16.1.128 – 172.16.1.255 172.16.255.0 – 172.16.255.127 172.16.255.128 – 172.16.255.255 128 If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits 510 Subnet & 126 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.128 Subnet Range 172.16.0.128 to 172.16.0.255 172.16.1.0 to 172.16.1.127 172.16.1.128 to 172.16.1.255 172.16.2.0 to 172.16.2.127 172.16.255.0 to 172.16.255.127
  • 17. 17 Cisco / Notation Example – 3 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 210 – 2 = 1024 – 2 = 1022 Hosts/Subnet Class B : N.N.H.H 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class B : 172.16.0.0/22 Extra Network Bits = 22 – 16 = 6 Put n value = 6 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 = 26 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 64 – 2 = 62 Subnet 10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 18. 18 x Example – 3 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 172.16.0.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11111100. 00000000 x Valid Subnets 172.16.248.0 – 172.16.251.255 172.16.252.0 – 172.16.255.255 – 172.16.3.255 172.16.4.0 – 172.16.7.255 172.16.8.0 – 172.16.11.255 172.16.12.0 – 172.16.15.255 0 252. If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits 62 Subnet & 1022 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.252.0 Subnet Range 172.16.4.0 to 172.16.7.255 172.16.8.0 to 172.16.11.255 172.16.12.0 to 172.16.15.255 172.16.16.0 to 172.16.19.255 172.16.248.0 to 172.16.251.255
  • 19. 19 Requirement of Networks is 500 ? Example – 1 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 215 – 2 = 32768 – 2 = 32766 Hosts/Subnet Class A : N.H.H.H 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class A : 10.0.0.0 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2  Req. of Subnet = 29 – 2  500 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 512 – 2 = 510 Subnet 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 20. 20 x Example – 1 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 10.0.0.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.10000000. 00000000 x Valid Subnets – 10.0.127.255 10.0.128.0 – 10.0.255.255 10.1.0.0 – 10.1.127.255 10.1.128.0 – 10.1.255.255 10.255.0.0 – 10.255.127.255 10.255.128.0 – 10.255.255.255 0 128. If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits 510 Subnet & 32766 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.128.0 Subnet Range 10.0.128.0 to 10.0.255.255 10.1.0.0 to 10.1.127.255 10.1.128.0 to 10.1.255.255 10.2.0.0 to 10.2.127.255 10.255.0.0 to 10.255.127.255
  • 21. 21 Requirement of Hosts is 260000 ? Example – 2 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 26 – 2 = 64 – 2 = 62 Subnet Class A : N.H.H.H 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class A : 10.0.0.0 • No. of Host = 2h – 2  Req. of Host = 218 – 2  260000 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID) = 262144 – 2 = 262142 Hosts/Subnet 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 22. 22 x Example – 2 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 10.0.0.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 252. 11111100.00000000. 00000000 x Valid Subnets – 10.3.255.255 10.4.0.0 – 10.7.255.255 10.8.0.0 – 10.11.255.255 10.12.0.0 – 10.15.255.255 10.248.0.0 – 10.251.255.255 10.252.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 0 0. If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits 62 Subnet & 262142 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.252.0.0 Subnet Range 10.4.0.0 to 10.3.255.255 10.8.0.0 to 10.7.255.255 10.12.0.0 to 10.15.255.255 10.16.0.0 to 10.19.255.255 10.248.0.0 to 10.251.255.255
  • 23. 23 Cisco / Notation Example – 3 • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 212 – 2 = 4096 – 2 = 4094 Hosts/Subnet Class A : N.H.H.H 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class A : 10.0.0.0/20 Extra Network Bits = 20 – 8 = 12 Put n value = 12 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2 = 212 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 4096 – 2 = 4094 Subnet 0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 24. 24 x Example – 3 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 10.0.0.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11110000. 00000000 x Valid Subnets 10.255.224.0 – 10.255.239.255 10.255.240.0 – 10.255.255.255 – 10.0.15.255 10.0.16.0 – 10.0.31.255 10.0.32.0 – 10.0.47.255 10.0.48.0 – 10.0.63.255 0 240. If you convert 12 Host Bits to Network Bits 4094 Subnet & 4094 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.240.0 Subnet Range 10.0.16.0 to 10.31.255.255 10.0.32.0 to 10.47.255.255 10.0.48.0 to 10.63.255.255 10.0.64.0 to 10.79.255.255 10.255.224.0 to 10.255.239.255
  • 25. 25 • Subnetting a subnet is called as Variable Length Subnet Mask • VLSMs provide the capability to include more than one subnet mask within a major network VLSM
  • 26. 26 ZOOM Technologies is having 100 PC • ZOOM Technologies – 192.168.1.0/24 – MCSE – CISCO – FIREWALL – SOLARIS – TRAINING • Administrator’s requirement : Inter-department communication should not be possible ? Best Solution is : FLSM i.e. Subnetting Scenario
  • 27. 27 Scenario (…continued) ZOOM Technologies – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – SOLARIS – Linux – Unix – Solaris – TRAINING Now we are also having sub departments
  • 28. 28 • Administrator does not want inter-department communication in the sub departments ? Answer : You will use the subnet range to further divide it into smaller ranges, this time its Subnetting of a Subnet i.e. VLSM. Scenario (…continued)
  • 29. 29 Calculation of FLSM • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 25 – 2 = 32 – 2 = 30 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.0 • No. of Subnet = 2n – 2  Req. of Subnet = 23 – 2  5 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range) = 8 – 2 = 6 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 30. 30 x FLSM (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11100000 192.168.1.32 192.168.1.64 192.168.1.96 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.160 192.168.1.192 192.168.1.224 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.159 192.168.1.191 192.168.1.223 192.168.1.255 x Valid Subnets 224 If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits 6 Subnet & 30 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.224 Subnet Range 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.63. 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.95 192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.127 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159 192.168.1.160 to 192.168.1.191 192.168.1.192 to 192.168.1.223
  • 31. 31 ZOOM Technologies – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – SOLARIS – Linux – Unix – Solaris – TRAINING Assigning of the Ranges 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27
  • 32. 32 Calculation of VLSM for CISCO Dept. • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 24 – 2 = 16 – 2 = 14 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.64 • No. of Subnet = 2n  Req. of Subnet = 21  2 = 2 = 2 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 33. 33 VLSM (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.64 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11110000 Valid Subnets 240 – 192.168.1.79 192.168.1.80 – 192.168.1.95 If you convert 1 more Host Bit to Network Bit 2 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.240 Subnet Range 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.79 192.168.1.80 to 192.168.1.95
  • 34. 34 Assigning of the Ranges 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28 ZOOM Technologies – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – SOLARIS – Linux – Unix – Solaris – TRAINING 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
  • 35. 35 Calculation of VLSM for Firewall Dept. • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 22 – 2 = 4 – 2 = 2 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.96 • No. of Subnet = 2n  Req. of Subnet = 23  5 = 8 = 8 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 36. 36 VLSM (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.96 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11111100 Valid Subnets 252 – 192.168.1.99 192.168.1.100 – 192.168.1.103 192.168.1.104 – 192.168.1.107 192.168.1.108 – 192.168.1.111 192.168.1.112 – 192.168.1.115 192.168.1.116 – 192.168.1.119 192.168.1.120 – 192.168.1.123 192.168.1.124 – 192.168.1.127 If you convert 3 more Host Bit to Network Bit 8 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252 Subnet Range 192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.99 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.103 192.168.1.104 to 192.168.1.107 192.168.1.108 to 192.168.1.111 192.168.1.112 to 192.168.1.115 192.168.1.116 to 192.168.1.119 192.168.1.120 to 192.168.1.123 192.168.1.124 to 192.168.1.127
  • 37. 37 Assigning of the Ranges ZOOM Technologies – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – SOLARIS – Linux – Unix – Solaris – TRAINING 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28 192.168.1.96 – 1.99/30 192.168.1.100 – 1.103/30 192.168.1.104 – 1.107/30 192.168.1.108 – 1.111/30 192.168.1.112 – 1.115/30
  • 38. 38 Calculation of VLSM for Solaris Dept. • No. of Host = 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 23 – 2 = 8 – 2 = 6 Hosts/Subnet Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.1.128 • No. of Subnet = 2n  Req. of Subnet = 22  3 = 4 = 4 Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 39. 39 VLSM (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.1.128 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 11111000 Valid Subnets 248 – 192.168.1.135 192.168.1.136 – 192.168.1.143 192.168.1.144 – 192.168.1.151 192.168.1.152 – 192.168.1.159 If you convert 2 more Host Bit to Network Bit 4 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet Customize Subnet Mask 255.255.255.248 Subnet Range 192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.135 192.168.1.136 to 192.168.1.143 192.168.1.144 to 192.168.1.151 192.168.1.152 to 192.168.1.159
  • 40. 40 Assigning of the Ranges ZOOM Technologies – MCSE – CISCO – Ccna – Ccnp – FIREWALL – ISA – Checkpoint – Net SQ – Clavister – Cisco PIX – SOLARIS – Linux – Unix – Solaris – TRAINING 192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27 192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27 192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27 192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27 192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28 192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28 192.168.1.96 – 1.99/30 192.168.1.100 – 1.103/30 192.168.1.104 – 1.107/30 192.168.1.108 – 1.111/30 192.168.1.112 – 1.115/30 192.168.1.128 – 1.135/29 192.168.1.136 – 1.143/29 192.168.1.144 – 1.151/29
  • 42. 42 • It is reverse (inverse) of Subnetting • Combining of Multiple Networks to Single Networks • Converting Network Bits to Hosts Bits i.e. Converting 1’s into 0’s • Generally design for Class C networks • Easier Summarization • It is also known as Supernetting CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing
  • 44. 44 Requirement of Hosts is 1000 ? Example – 1 Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.0.0 • No. of Host = 2h – 2  Req. of Host = 210 – 2  1000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID) = 1024 – 2 = 1022 Hosts/Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 45. 45 Example – 1 (Continued…) • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.0.0 • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111.11111100. 00000000 Valid Subnets 192.168.248.0 – 192.168.251.255 192.168.252.0 – 192.168.255.255 – 192.168.3.255 192.168.4.0 – 192.168.7.255 192.168.8.0 – 192.168.11.255 192.168.12.0 – 192.168.15.255 0 252.
  • 46. 46 Requirement of Hosts is 12000 ? Example – 2 Class C : N.N.N.H 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx Class C : 192.168.0.0 • No. of Host = 2h – 2  Req. of Host = 214 – 2  12000 (-2 is for Network ID &BroadcastID) = 16384 – 2 = 16382 Hosts/Subnet 110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx HELP
  • 47. 47 Example – 2 (Continued…) • Customize Subnet Mask = 255. 11111111. 255. 11111111. 0 11000000. 00000000 • Range of Networks Network ID Broadcast ID 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.63.255 192.168.64.0 – 192.168.127.255 192.168.128.0 – 192.168.191.255 192.168.192.0 – 192.168.255.255 192.
  • 48. 48
  • 49. 49 POWER TABLE 21 = 2 22 = 4 23 = 8 24 = 16 25 = 32 26 = 64 27 = 128 28 = 256 29 = 512 210 = 1024 211 = 2048 212 = 4096 213 = 8192 214 = 16384 215 = 32768 216 = 65536 217 = 131072 218 = 262144 219 = 524288 220 = 1048576 221 = 2097152 222 = 4194304 223 = 8388608 224 = 16777216 225 = 33554432 226 = 67108864 227 = 134217728 228 = 268435456 229 = 536870912 230 = 1073741824 231 = 2147483648 232 = 4294967296 Power table