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AM – Modulation and
Demodulation Techniques
1
Double-sideband Suppressed Carrier
Amplitude Modulation (DSB-SC)
2
DSB-SC
3
DSB-SC (Why DSB? Why SC?)
4
DSB-SC Demodulation
5
DSB-SC Demodulation (Coherent
Detection)
6
Difference between Modulator & Demodulator
Difference between modulator and demodulator lies in input
signal and output filter.
For modulator, input is message signal and outputof
multiplier is passed through a band pass filter (centered at fc).
For demodulator, input is DSB-SC signal and outputof
multiplier is passed through a low passfilter.
7
Example of DSB-SC Signal
8
Example of DSB-SC Signal
9
AM Modulators
10
Multiplier Modulators
Non-linear Modulators
Switching Modulators
Multiplier Modulators
11
Non-linear Modulators
12
Non-linear Modulators
This is known as a balanced modulator (single balanced modulator)
13
Switching Modulators
14
Switching Modulators
15
Switching Modulators
16
Switching Modulators
The lesson of the example is:
17
Diode-bridge Switch (Switching Modulator)
18
Ring Modulator (Switching Modulator)
19
Ring (Switching) Modulator
Here, wo(t)=2w(t)-1
20
Amplitude Modulation (AM)
Alternative of DSB-SC = AM
21
Envelope Detection for AM
22
Envelope Detection for AM
23
Envelope Detection for AM
24
Problem with Envelope Detection
25
Problem with Envelope Detection=Low Power
Efficiency
26
Demodulation of AM Signals
27
Rectifier Detector
28
Envelope Detector
29
Limitations of DSB-SC and AM
30
Both DSB-SC and AM have two sidebands (LSB/USB).
So the modulated bandwidth is 2B Hz when the
message bandwidth is B Hz. This leads to lower
spectral efficiency.
There are two ways to improve spectral efficiency:
1. SSB
2. QAM
Bandwidth Efficient AM (SSB and QAM)
31
SSB (single sideband AM) removes LSB or USB
and uses a bandwidth of B instead of 2B Hz forone
message.
QAM (quadrature AM) sends two (instead of one)
messages over the same bandwidth of 2BHz.
SSB Modulation
32
Three methods:
1. Phase shifting
2. Selective filtering
3. Weaver method
Selective Filtering (SSB Modulation)
33
Phase-shift method (SSB Modulation)
34
Phase-shift method (SSB Modulation)
35
Hilbert Transform
36
SSB-SC Demodulation
37
Applications of AM
 Entertainment - AM Radio (music, talk radio)
 Business - CB Radio to relay shipment progress, conference calls
with other branches via telephone or speakerphone
 Government - Police officers keeping contact with the station, or
relaying the information and location of a suspect
 Personal - Cell phones or walkie-talkies for chatting with friends
 Military - Using undetectable radio signals to communicate with
other soldiers, or voice commands to control weapons
Generation of AM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6i1XJlAwtw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tp0GaNKqaaY
Generation of DSB-SC-AM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0WcxJmOfiI
Generation of SSB-SC-AM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6IBERQFP3s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GKYWaIXvVYc

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CE Lecture on various AM modulation and Demodulation