Cell structure and function.pptxmmmmmmmmm

Cell structure and function
Standards: MS-LS1-1 / MS-LS1-2
11/01/2024 Grade 6 Unit 1 Lesson 1 1

Lesson
objectives:
• By the end of the lesson students should be
able to:
1. Students will understand the structures
and purposes of basic components of
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, especially
macromolecules, membranes, and
organelles.
2. Students will understand how these
cellular components are used to generate
and utilize energy in cells

Light
microscope
vs. Electron
microscope:

Grade
6
Unit
1
Lesson
1
11/01/2024 5

Grade
6
Unit
1
Lesson
1
11/01/2024 6

Levels of organization of living organisms:

A cell is a living
system:
• Each cell that makes up an organism is a
system made up of interacting parts.
• In a unicellular organism, the cell must
perform all the functions it needs to live.
• In a multicellular organism, different
types of cells interact to perform specific
functions needed by the organism to
survive.

• However, regardless of their function or the type of organism they compose, all cells
have similar basic functions they need to carry out to remain alive.
• These functions are carried out not by the cell, but by specific parts of the cell.
• Cells store and process information. Cells gather energy and matter from the
environment.
• Cells use energy to carry out functions.
• Cells get rid of wastes.

Look at the two cell types in the photos. Describe how each cell system works to provide functions
needed by the whole organism

Prokaryotic vs.
eukaryotic cells:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=yBfGRqVbJjk

Which structure controls what
goes into and out of the cell?
Explain in your own words
why this function is important
to the function of a cell.
14 Grade 6 Unit 1 Lesson 1 11/01/2024

• Eukaryotic cells are generally larger
and more complex than prokaryotic
cells.
• In a eukaryotic cell, genetic material
is enclosed in a membrane-bound
organelle called the nucleus.
• Eukaryotic cells also have additional
membrane-bound organelles.

Grade
6
Unit
1
Lesson
1
11/01/2024 16

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=xGEoK8kRNoQ

• https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=192M4oDLTdc

Classwork
In a Venn diagram write the similarities and
difference between Plant cell and animal cell.
2
1
11/01/2024
Grade 6 Unit 1 Lesson 1

Cell wall:
• The cell wall is the outer covering
of a cell, present adjacent to the
cell membrane, which is also
called the plasma membrane.
• It provides strength and
protection to the cell.
• As mentioned earlier, the cell
wall is present in all plant cells,
fungi, bacteria, algae, and some
archaea.

Cell
membrane:
• The plasma membrane is also
termed as a Cell Membrane
• It is a selectively
permeable membrane of
the cells, which
is composed of a lipid
bilayer and proteins.

Cytoplasm
• The cytoplasm is present both in
plant and animal cells
• They are jelly-like substances, found
between the cell membrane and
nucleus.
• They are mainly composed of water,
organic and inorganic compounds.
• The cytoplasm is one of the
essential components of the cell,
where all the cell organelles are
embedded.

Nucleus
25
11/01/2024
• The nucleus is a double-membraned organelle found in
all eukaryotic cells.
• It is the largest organelle, which functions as the control
center of the cellular activities and is the storehouse of
the cell’s DNA.
• By structure, the nucleus is dark, round, surrounded by a
nuclear membrane.
• It is a porous membrane (like cell membrane) and forms
a wall between cytoplasm and nucleus. Within the
nucleus, there are tiny spherical bodies called nucleolus.
• It also carries an essential structure called
chromosomes.
Grade
6
Unit
1
Lesson
1

Cell vacuole:
• A vacuole is a membrane-bound
cell organelle.
• In animal cells, vacuoles are
generally small and help sequester
waste products.
• In plant cells, vacuoles help
maintain water balance.
• Sometimes a single vacuole can
take up most of the interior space
of the plant cell
Grade 6 Unit 1 Lesson 1 11/01/2024 26

Lysosomes:
• A lysosome is a membrane-
bound cell organelle that
contains digestive enzymes.
• Lysosomes are involved with
various cell processes.
• They break down excess or
worn-out cell parts.
• They may be used to destroy
invading viruses and bacteria.

Endoplasmic
reticulum:
28
11/01/2024
• The Endoplasmic Reticulum is a network of
membranous canals filled with fluid.
• They are the transport system of the cell,
involved in transporting materials
throughout the cell.
• There are two types:
1. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
2. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Grade
6
Unit
1
Lesson
1

Mitochondria:
• Mitochondria are called the
powerhouses of the cell as they
produce energy-rich molecules for
the cell.
• It is a double membrane-bound,
sausage-shaped organelle, found
in almost all eukaryotic cells.
Grade 6 Unit 1 Lesson 1 11/01/2024 29

Chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts are double
membrane-bound organelles,
they are the site of
photosynthesis process.
• They give the plant its green
color.

Ribosomes:
3
1
• Ribosomes are non-membrane-bound
and important cytoplasmic organelles
found in close association with the
endoplasmic reticulum.
• They are the site of protein formation.
11/01/2024

Golgi Apparatus:
11/01/2024
• Golgi Apparatus is also
termed as Golgi
Complex.
• This cell organelle is
primarily responsible for
transporting material
inside and outside the
cell.
32

Centrioles:
• Centrioles are paired barrel-
shaped organelles located in
the cytoplasm of animal cells
near the nuclear envelope.
• They have a role in cell
division.

Revision
• https://
www.liveworksheets.com/
ij1664438xq

Thank you

Cell structure and function.pptxmmmmmmmmm

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