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Phases of the Cell Cycle & Their
Control Points
Understanding how cells grow,
divide, and stay in check
Overview of the Cell Cycle
• • The cell cycle is the sequence of events
preparing a cell for division.
• • Main stages: Interphase, M-phase,
Cytokinesis
• • Control points ensure accuracy and proper
sequence of events.
Interphase
• Definition: Longest phase where the cell grows
and prepares for division.
• Sub-phases:
• - G1: Cell growth, organelle production
• - S: DNA replication
• - G2: Preparation for mitosis, DNA check
• Control Points:
• - G1 Checkpoint: Cell size & DNA quality
• - G2 Checkpoint: DNA replication accuracy
M-phase (Mitosis)
• Definition: Division of the cell’s nucleus into
two identical nuclei.
• Stages:
• 1. Prophase – Chromosomes condense,
spindle forms
• 2. Metaphase – Chromosomes align at
equator
• 3. Anaphase – Sister chromatids separate
• 4. Telophase – Nuclear envelopes reform
Cytokinesis
• Definition: Division of cytoplasm into two
daughter cells.
• - Animal cells: Cleavage furrow
• - Plant cells: Cell plate
• Usually overlaps with telophase.
Summary Table
• Phase | Main Events | Control Point | Purpose
• G1 | Cell growth | G1 checkpoint | Prevents
improper division
• S | DNA replication | - | Genome copy
• G2 | Prep for mitosis | G2 checkpoint | Error
detection
• Mitosis | Nucleus divides | Spindle checkpoint
| Proper chromosome separation
• Cytokinesis | Cytoplasm divides | - | Daughter
cells formation
Importance of Control Points
• • Prevent uncontrolled growth (e.g., cancer)
• • Ensure genetic stability
• • Maintain proper timing of cell events

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cell_cycle_phases_control_points presentation

  • 1. Phases of the Cell Cycle & Their Control Points Understanding how cells grow, divide, and stay in check
  • 2. Overview of the Cell Cycle • • The cell cycle is the sequence of events preparing a cell for division. • • Main stages: Interphase, M-phase, Cytokinesis • • Control points ensure accuracy and proper sequence of events.
  • 3. Interphase • Definition: Longest phase where the cell grows and prepares for division. • Sub-phases: • - G1: Cell growth, organelle production • - S: DNA replication • - G2: Preparation for mitosis, DNA check • Control Points: • - G1 Checkpoint: Cell size & DNA quality • - G2 Checkpoint: DNA replication accuracy
  • 4. M-phase (Mitosis) • Definition: Division of the cell’s nucleus into two identical nuclei. • Stages: • 1. Prophase – Chromosomes condense, spindle forms • 2. Metaphase – Chromosomes align at equator • 3. Anaphase – Sister chromatids separate • 4. Telophase – Nuclear envelopes reform
  • 5. Cytokinesis • Definition: Division of cytoplasm into two daughter cells. • - Animal cells: Cleavage furrow • - Plant cells: Cell plate • Usually overlaps with telophase.
  • 6. Summary Table • Phase | Main Events | Control Point | Purpose • G1 | Cell growth | G1 checkpoint | Prevents improper division • S | DNA replication | - | Genome copy • G2 | Prep for mitosis | G2 checkpoint | Error detection • Mitosis | Nucleus divides | Spindle checkpoint | Proper chromosome separation • Cytokinesis | Cytoplasm divides | - | Daughter cells formation
  • 7. Importance of Control Points • • Prevent uncontrolled growth (e.g., cancer) • • Ensure genetic stability • • Maintain proper timing of cell events