Centrifugation types and its application

DEPARTMENTOF STUDIESIN BIOTECHNOLOGY
Shivagangothri, Davangere -07
SEMINARTOPIC : CENTRIFUGATION TYPES AND IT’S
APPLICATIONS
Presented by:
MOHAMMED ASIF KILLEDAR

 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 TYPE OF CENTRIFUGATION
 OPERATION
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCULSION
 REFERENCE

Centrifugation is a technique, based upon the behaviour of
particles in an applied centrifugal filed.
Centrifugation is a mechanical process which involves the use
of the centrifugal force to separate particles from a solution
according to their size, shape, density, medium viscosity and
rotor speed.
The denser components of the mixture migrate away from the
axis of the centrifuge, while the less dense components of the
mixture migrate towards the axis.
 precipitate (pellet) will travel quickly and fully to the bottom
of the tube.
The remaining liquid that lies above the precipitate is called
a supernatant.

 In 1923 Theodore Svedberg
developed the first high speed
centrifuge to separate large
grain sols(sediment particles).
 Nobel prize was awarded to
him for his research and the
invention of the
ultracentrifuge.
 Centrifuges quickly became a
laboratory equipment .
 Cellular organelle
identification in 1929.

Preparative
Centrifugation
Density
gradient
centrifugation
Rate Zonal
centrifugation
Isopycnic
centrifugation
Differential
centrifugation
Analytical
centrifugation

 It is mainly used to actual
separation, isolatio,
purification (eg. Whole blood
cells, Subcellular organelles,
Plasma membrane )
 Preparative centrifuge is
capable of spinning rotors to
maximum speed of 80,000 rev
min -1.
 Temperature monitoring
system is sophisticated than in
simpler instruments.
 Overspeed control system is
provided.

 It allow separation of many
or all components in a
mixture and allows for
measurement to be made.
 To further separate biological
particles of similar size but
differing densities,
ultracentrifugation with pre-
formed density gradients is
the method of choice.
 There are two methods
 Rate zonal and isopycnic
centrifugation.

 The particles will begin
sedimenting in separate zones
according to their size shape and
density.
 The larger particles will be able
to travel to the bottom layer
because they are more massive.
 Technique is used to separate
enzyme, hormone, DNA-RNA
hybrids, ribosomal subunits.
 Can separate proteins with
similar density and different
molecular mass easily.

 In this type of centrifugation,
the solution contains a greater
range of densities.
 Each particle will sediment
only to the position in the
centrifuge tube at which the
gradient density is equal to its
own density.
 In isopycnic centrifigation
separation of particles occurs
into zones on the basis of their
density differences,
independent of time.
 Technique is used to separate
and purify linear and circular
forms of DNA.

 It is a common procedure in
microbiology and cytology used to
separate certain organelles from
whole cells for further analysis of
specific parts of cells.
 In the process, a tissue sample is
first homogenized to break the cell
membranes and mix up the cell
contents.
 At the end of each step the pellet
and the supernatant is separated.

 It is used to study of
sedimentation characteristics
of biological macromolecules
and molecular structures.
 Analytical Centrifuge is
Capable of speed
approching70,00 rev min -1.
 Spins a rotor at an
accurately controlled speed
and temperature.
 It is used to conclude the
purity, relative molecular
mass and shape of material.

 Tubes recommended by their manufacturer should be
used.
 Top of tube should not extend so far above the bucket.
 Cleanliness-minimizing the possible of infection.
 Speed of centrifuge should be checked once 3m.
 Centrifuge timer to be checked per week.

 Centrifugation can be employed to separate a mixture
of two different miscible liquids.
 Chalk can be separated from water with the help of a
centrifuge.
 Another important application of this technique is in
the stabilization and clarification of wine.
 In clinical laboratory, centrifugation is used to ;
 Remove cellular elements from blood to provide
cell free plasma or serum for analysis.
 Remove chemically precipitated protein from an
analytical specimen.
 Separate lipid components.

The centrifugation is an instrument used in nearly
every research lab across the globe. Centrifugation is
the process by which a centrifuge is used to separate
complex mixture. There is no force that pushes an
object away from the center of its rotation. The reason
the object moves in a circle is because it wants to
continue to move in a straight line tangent to the
circular path.

 Pollock.J.C. (1986).Centrifuge., Publisher:bantam
doubleday dell publishing group inc., New delhi p-304
 https://study.com/ademy/lesson/what-is-centrifugation-
defination-process-uses.htm

Centrifugation types and its application

Centrifugation types and its application

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