CETABC 2017 Future of skills and learning
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The document discusses the future of skills and learning as work shifts toward contingent and self-employment, with an increase in the gig economy driven by technology, automation, and demographic changes. It highlights the impending skills gap and the need for flexible, competency-based education that prioritizes real-world capabilities over formal credentials. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of public-private partnerships and innovative learning models to address these evolving workforce demands.
CETABC 2017 Future of skills and learning
- 1. The Future of SKILLS and LEARNING Stephen Murgatroyd, Phd, FBPS, FRSA
- 2. Idea 1: Work Has Changed
- 3. Contingent and Self Employment Growing Year Total Self- Employed (Canada) 1987 1,699,100 2007 2,598,600 2017 2,875,900 By the year 2000 in Canada, app. 50% of the workforce were contingent workers – contracted for service rather than employees. 16% declare themselves in this way as self-employed. Largest number of contingent workers are young people under the age of 35. Canada has the 3rd largest contingent workforce in the world behind New Zealand (#1) and the US (#2). 75% of the university sector are contingent
- 4. The Gig Economy IS the Economy.. Worldwide, 40% of the world’s workforce are contingent workers and this number is expected to rise to 60% by 2020. In the Fortune 100 companies, contingent workers make up 30% of the workforce, but predictions are that will soon rise to 50%. 1million in the UK work with “zero hours” contracts.
- 5. Not Only Has WHO is working changed, but WHAT they do has too Manufacturing more focused on the management of technology than production activity – maintenance. Artificial intelligence + design = new thinking about process. Office work has changed – 24x7 access, process based work, globalization of work.. Outsource + Insource – 24x7 work BMW Mini Plant at Cowley, Oxford UK A customized car every 61 seconds
- 6. Idea 2: More Change to Come TECHNOLOGY
- 7. Emerging Technology: 3D Printing Local Motors (Phoenix, Arizona) crowdsources design and engineering and then 3D prints its components / body. Manufactures customized versions on demand. Manufactures all forms of transport, including snowmobiles, water based vehicles and public transport. First driverless 3d printed public bus now operating in Helsinki
- 8. 3D Printing Quickly Emerging… A group of Dutch engineers have printed a bridge crossing a Dutch canal using an “arm printer”, overcoming the size limitations of 1st and 2nd generation 3D printers. 3D medical devices – prosthetics, stents, dental devices and other – already a fast growing sector: the ability to personalize / customize a strong attractor. Using a cell phone as a printer (light from the phone used on polymers to print) Elon Musk and his engineers at SpaceX have created a 3D printed SuperDraco rocket engine. This got off the ground in 2016. 3D printing now includes: Houses (several places, but also China and India) and sleeping pods (Africa) Aerospace parts (European Space Agency) Metal parts Medical devices
- 9. 3D Printing in 2016 Driverless Bus Helsinki 3d Printed Food
- 11. Robotics Forget many of the images you have of what robots are and what they can do.. Imagine.. Robotic kitchens which can produce meals on demand.. Robotic weapons and fight systems Self-driving cars, buses, trains and trucks likely to replace current transport systems over time – potential displacement of some 3.5 million North American workers by 2030 570,000 surgeries in 2014 were robotically assisted
- 12. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Offering an analysis of an MRI scan – suggesting clinical pathways based on “best possible” understanding Predicting student behaviour Counselling and personal therapy.. Supports for design and creativity Man-machine interfaces for better productivity – especially in manufacturing, financial services and health The Singularity – Where AI is smarter than the collective intelligence of the species
- 13. Idea 2: More Change to Come DEMOGRAPHY
- 14. Basic Demography (Canada) By 2030, 30% of Canadians will be over 60 years of age There will be 2 working age people in Canada for each retiree – down from 4 in 2015. GDP could fall by as much as 52% (McKinsey) More seniors than students in K-12 for the first time.
- 15. By 2050: More Demographic Shocks.. Global population will exceed 9 billion The proportion of the world’s population over 65 will double There will be over 400 million persons over 80 – 4x the present number 80% of those 65 or older will live in low or middle income countries For the first time in history, there will be more people over 65 than under 14 In Italy, Japan and Spain 1 in 3 will be over 65
- 16. Economic Geography – Shift Happens! 2.3 billion new middle class consumers will emerge by 2030, mainly in Asia, India and Africa By 2025 almost 50% of the world’s billion dollar companies will be headquartered in emerging markets, not in North America or Europe (41% of them are already Asian based) 425 major cities will fuel the global economy – 315 of them are in Asia
- 17. Changes in the Workforce Shift from routine work to creative employment.. Replacement of routine work with technology – think secretarial services, banking, travel.. Higher education key to future employment..
- 18. Idea 2: More Change to Come NEW KINDS OF ORGANIZATIONS
- 19. New Kinds of Organizations Uber – matches drivers with those needing a ride.. 99 Designs – matches designers with those needing design work Rent-a-Coder – matches those with coding capabilities with those who need purpose built software / applications Trendwatching – trend analysts track small and large data and patterns and offer their services against challenges Amazon Go – a shop without tellers or check-out Alibris – global bookseller which is actually a brokerage Lynda - learning on demand (also Creative Live..) Fiverr - rapid professional services on demand Task-Rabbit – matching local skills with local needs (e.g. odd jobs, gardening, window cleaning, catering, tutoring…)
- 20. Organizational Life Cycle Shorter 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1935 1958 1980 2011 2015 Average Tenure of Companies on S&P 500
- 22. Just 12% of the 1955 Fortune 500 remained on the list in 2015.
- 23. Think About: Human labour no longer drives economic growth. In 1964, the most valuable company in the US, AT&T, was worth $267 billion in today’s dollars and employed 758,611 people. Today’s telecommunications giant, Alphabet (Google), is worth $590 billion but has only about 55,000 employees—less than a tenth the size of AT&T’s workforce in its heyday. Apple is worth $750 billion and employs 125,000 people. Amazon is tipped to be the first $1 trllion company and has 240,000 employees world-wide. It is currently worth $425 billion but is rate of growth is faster than Apple and Google.
- 24. AI+ROBOTICS = BIG DISRUPTION World Economic Forum suggests that app. 7 million jobs will be lost and 2 million gained as a result of technological change in 15 major developed and emerging economies by 2020. Most forecasters predict that app.40% of current jobs will disappear by 2030, replaced by “smart” technology. Could impact 2 billion workers either by unemployment or reduced need for employment. Major industries impacted: transport, energy, retail, education, health, insurance, communications. 4 out of 5 jobs lost in the US since 2000 are due to automation
- 25. The New Thinking About Skills
- 26. BC’s Skills Gap The 2015 Skills Gap in British Columbia costs app. $4.7billion in lost opportunities - $616 million in lost Provincial tax revenues. An additional $1.3 billion is lost due to skills-mismatches. That’s a $6 billion cost!
- 27. The Six Skills Gaps Gap 1: The Basic Gap: The Gap Between What Employers are Seeking and What they Can Find Gap 2: The Expectations Gap – The Gap Between What an Employee Expects to Experience at Work and What they Actually Find Themselves Doing Gap 3: The Productivity Gap – The Skills We Need to Develop to Significantly Improve Productivity Gap 4: The Leverage Gap – The Underutilization of Skills in the Workforce Gap 5: The Futures Gap – The Gap Between Current Skill Sets and the Skills We Need to Become Competitive in the 4th Industrial Revolution Gap 6: The Innovation Gap - The Skills We Need to Build a More Innovative and Sustainable Economy
- 28. The Essential Skills Gap
- 29. Skills based learning needs to be.. Available to anyone, at anytime, anywhere – at college, at work, at home, in the community, in prisons, on reserve… Modular, stackable and portable Focused on capabilities, competencies and mastery of knowledge and understanding… Focused on what someone can do and how they do it and less on credentials Micro-credit as important as a red seal, diploma or certificate Employers want to know what you bring to their organization in terms of “soft skills” as well as hard skills
- 30. Programs and Courses: Shorter modules (2-3 weeks) Delivered flexibly Based on competency, capability and mastery and not content driven Assessment on demand anywhere, anytime Modules should stack from a badge to an applied doctorate
- 31. Assessment is the Key Video based assessment of capabilities using Valid8 AI generated written assessments - 300,000+ versions of an examination / assessment based on agreed rubrics and samples can be generated in a few minutes using Varafy . Peer and expert assessment and review. Growth of e-portfolios
- 32. We Need Public:Private Partnerships Ontario is making ALL of lynda.com’s courses available for free to all college and university students in Ontario In the UK, apprenticeship based degrees offer a real partnership between firms and universities / colleges Work-based learning accreditation reshapes organizational learning as credit worthy MOOC partnerships (Goergia Tech + AT&T) enable large organizations to upskills at low cost and employees to obtain graduate degrees
- 33. WE NEED TO RETHINK APPRENTICESHIP It is not about time, its about capabilities It is not about ratios for supervision – its about mentoring, coaching and guiding for success It is also about recognizing prior learning, workbased learning and knowledge and skills acquired from any source – its not about college, it is about capability The key role for a College and other providers is mentoring, coaching, guiding, assessment – some teaching and learning may be required!
- 34. WE NEED BC TO HAVE.. A skills guarantee: Each person has a right to a comprehensive skills assessment Following their skills assessment, each individual has a right to a tailored and flexible learning program that meet the needs of the candidate and local, regional and national workforce. Recognition of the skills that people acquire through micro credit, badges, laddered qualifications; and encouragements for people to undertake certification or gain a qualification. The European Union agreed to this exact measure as part of the Upskilling Pathway for the EU’s Skills Agenda, 2016-2021.
- 36. The Post-Work Economy Characteristics Less demand for employees, more demand for contingent workers with specialized skills More use of global labour – 99 designs is the business model More demand for sophisticated technology More demand for ‘uber-like” services in many sectors, including health and education Fewer people needed to sustain economic activity overall Some careers “survive”, others mutate, yet others disappear
- 37. “ ” The biggest enigma of the post-work society is what happens to the self when it cannot define itself against corporate identity, skill set or seniority. PAUL MASON WRITING IN THE GUARDIAN, FEBRUARY 17TH 2016 “And it’s our fulfillment, rather than the satisfaction of our appetites, that’s threatened by the slow decline of work”. Ross Douthat, New York Times, February 23rd 2016
- 38. “THE FUTURE IS RARELY A STRAIGHT LINE FROM THE PAST….” EXPECT THE NEXT CHALLENGE TO LEARNING TO BE A CURVEBALL!