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1
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Course Objective
To develop awareness of application of
the technology in today's business
world.
2
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Tech and Business Impact
Objective: To understand the potential and real-
world impact of various IT technologies on
different types of businesses.
Activity: Each student should select a nearby
business and analyze how technology might
transform its operations :
• How can technology improve operational
efficiency?
• How can technology create new business
opportunities or revenue streams?
• What could be the challenges or potential risks
of implementing technology?
IT for Management: On-Demand Strategies for
Performance, Growth, and Sustainability
Eleventh Edition
Turban, Pollard, Wood
Chapter 1
Disruptive IT Impacts Companies,
Competition, and Careers
4
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Learning Objectives (1 of 4)
5
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Doing Business in the On-Demand Economy
• On-demand Economy is the economic activity created
by technology companies that fulfill consumer demand
through the immediate provisioning of products and
services.
• Propelled by proliferation of
o Smartphone-connected consumers
o Simple and secure purchase flows
o Location-based services
• Growth of app-driven companies like Airbnb, Uber,
GrubHub have disrupted markets.
6
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Doing Business in the On-demand
Economy: Airbnb, Uber
On-demand business models of Airbnb and Uber have been extremely successful.
Key Strategic and Tactical Questions
7
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
8
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Doing Business in the On-demand
Economy: Digital Business Models
Digital business models refer to how companies engage their customers digitally to create value via
websites, social channels, and mobile devices.
9
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Doing Business in the On-Demand Economy:
Terminology
• Business Model is how an enterprise generates
revenue or sustains itself.
• Digital Business Model is defined by how a business
makes money via digital technology.
• Customer Experience (CX) is about building the digital
infrastructure that allows customers to do whatever
they want to do, through whatever channel they
choose to do it.
10
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Doing Business in the On-demand Economy:
Digital Business Models
• Why develop digital business models?
o Deliver an incredible customer experience
o Turn a profit
o Increase market share
o Engage their employees
• How does the customer experience (CX) measure up?
o There is a strong relationship between the quality of a firm’s
CX and brand loyalty, which in turn increases revenue.
11
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Top IT Management Issues
1. Technology Alignment with the Business
2. Security, Cybersecurity, & Privacy
3. Innovation
4. IT Agility & Flexibility
5. Business Cost Reduction & Controls
6. IT Cost Reduction & Controls
7. Speed of IT Delivery & IT Time to Market
8. Speed of IT Delivery & IT Time to Market
9. Business Strategic Planning
10. Business Productivity & Efficiency
Comparison of Top 10 Management Priorities (Adapted from Kappelman, McLean, Johnson, and Gerhart 2017)
12
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Doing Business in the On-Demand Economy:
Business Objectives (1 of 2)
1. Product Development—IT helps businesses respond quickly to
changing customer demands
2. Stakeholder Integration—companies use their investor relations
websites to communicate with shareholders, research analysts,
and others in the market
3. Process Improvement—An ERP systems replaces dozens of
legacy systems for finance, human resources, and other
functional areas, to increase efficiency and cost-effectiveness of
internal business processes
13
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Doing Business in the On-Demand Economy:
Business Objectives (2 of 2)
4. Cost Efficiencies—IT allows companies to reduce transaction and
implementation costs, such as costs of duplication and postage
of email vs snail mail.
5. Competitive Advantage—Companies can use agile development,
prototyping, and other systems methodologies to bring a
product to market cost effectively and quickly.
6. Globalization—companies can outsource most of their non-core
functions, such as HR and finance, to offshore companies and
use ICT to stay in contact with its global employees, customers
and suppliers 24/7
14
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Doing Business in the On-Demand Economy:
Questions (1 of 2)
1. What precipitated the on-demand economy?
2. How is IT contributing to the success of the on-demand
economy?
3. List the six IT business objectives
4. What are the key strategic and tactical questions that determine
an organization’s profitability and management performance?
15
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Doing Business in the On-Demand Economy:
Questions (2 of 2)
5. What is a business model?
6. What is a digital business model?
7. Give two examples of how companies are transitioning to digital
business models.
8. What factors are driving the move to digital business models?
16
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Learning Objectives (2 of 4)
17
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Business Process Improvement: Terminology
(1 of 2)
• Business Process is a series of steps by which an organization
coordinates and organizes tasks to get work done.
• Process is comprised of the activities that convert inputs into
outputs by doing work.
• Deliverables are outputs created through work toward a desired
benefit or expected performance improvement.
• Performance is a result of processes where maximizing efficiency
over one’s competitors is a critical success factor.
18
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Business Process Improvement:
Components of a Business Process
INPUTS
Raw
materials,
data,
knowledge,
expertise ACTIVITIES
Work that
transforms
input &
acts on
data and
knowledge
DELIVERABLES
Products,
services,
plans, or
actions
19
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Business Process Improvement:
Characteristics
• Business Process Characteristics
o Formal Processes or Standard Operating Procedures (SOP):
documented and have well-established steps.
o Informal Processes: typically undocumented, undefined, or
are knowledge-intensive.
o Range from slow, rigid to fast-moving, adaptive.
o Can be rigid, resistant to change, or adaptive, responding to
change.
20
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Eight Phases of Business Process Reengineering
21
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Eight Phases of Business Process Reengineering
1. Develop
Vision &
Objectives
2. Understand
Existing
Processes
3. Identify
Process for
Redesign
4. Identify
Change Levers
5. Implement
New Process
6. Make New
Process
Operational
7. Evaluate
New Process
8. Perform
Continuous
Improvement
22
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Business Process Improvement: BPR
• Process Improvement
o Continuous examination to determine whether processes are
still necessary or operating at peak efficiency by eliminating
wasted steps called Business Process Reengineering (BPR).
o Digital technology enhances processes by:
• Automating manual procedures
• Expanding data flows to reach more
functions and parallel sequential activities
• Creating innovative business processes to
create new models.
23
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gaining a Competitive Advantage: Components
24
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Business Process Improvement: Terminology
(2 of 2)
• Agility is the ability to respond quickly.
• Responsiveness is IT capacity that can be easily scaled up or
down as needed.
• Flexibility is the ability to quickly integrate new business
functions or to easily reconfigure software or applications.
IT agility, flexibility, and mobility are tightly interrelated and fully
dependent on an organization’s IT infrastructure and architecture.
25
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Business Process Improvement: IT
Consumerization
• IT Consumerization is the migration of consumer technology into
enterprise IT environments. It’s caused by personally owned IT
becoming a capable and cost-effective solution for expensive
enterprise equivalents.
26
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Software Support for BPM
• Process Management
o Consists of methods, tools, and technology to support and continuously
improve business processes also known as Business Process Management
(BPM).
o BPM software is used to map processes performed manually, by
computers, or to design new processes.
o BPM requires buy-in from a broad cross section of the business, the right
technology selection, and highly effective change management to be
successful.
27
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Business Process Improvement and Competitive
Advantage
1. What is a business process? Give three examples.
2. What is the difference between business deliverables and
objectives?
3. List and give examples of the three components of a business
process.
4. Explain the differences between formal and informal processes.
5. What is the standard operating procedure (SOP)?
6. What is the purpose of business process management (BPM)?
7. What are the characteristics of an agile organization?
8. Explain IT consumerization.
9. Define competitive advantage.
28
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Learning Objectives (3 of 4)
29
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT Innovation and Disruption: Intro
SMAC Model
• Social-Mobile-Analytics-Cloud (SMAC) Model
o Huge data centers accessible via the Internet form the fore for the cloud
by providing 24/7 access to storage, apps, and services.
o Handheld and wearable devices and their users form the edge of the
cloud.
o Social channels connect the core and edge.
o The SMAC integration creates the technical and services infrastructure
needed to digital business.
30
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT Innovation and Disruption: Social-
Mobile-Analytics-Cloud (SMAC)
Model of the integration of
cloud, mobile, and social
technologies. The cloud forms
the core. Mobile devices are the
endpoints. Social networks
create the connection.
31
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT Innovation and Disruption: SMAC
Influence
• Social-Mobile-Analytics-Cloud (SMAC)
o Powerful social influences impact advertising and marketing.
o Consumer devices go digital and offer new services.
o eBay’s move to cloud technology improves sellers’ and buyers’
experiences
32
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT Innovation and Disruption:
Mega Trends (1 of 4)
Mega Trends are forces that shape or create the future of
business, the economy, and society.
• Connectivity
o Need to connect across multiple channels and platforms
o Cloud Services are any computing resource provided over the
Internet on demand, rather than run applications from
software stored on company-owned server or computer.
o Digital resources no longer dependent on buying/owning that
resource.
33
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT Innovation and Disruption:
Mega Trends (2 of 4)
• Big Data and Data Analytics
o Commonly defined as high-volume, mostly text data
o 80-90% consists of Unstructured data, having no predictable
format
o Multiple channels and sources:
• Machine-generated data from sensors and mobile devices
• Social media content from clicks, tweets, blogs
• Clickstream data from Internet searches
34
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT Innovation and Disruption:
Mega Trends (3 of 4)
• Digitization is the process of transforming any kind of
activity or information into a digital format that can be
collected, stored, searched, and analyzed electronically
—and efficiently.
o Banks digitizing mortgage application/decision process cut
costs per new mortgage by 70%
o Telecomm company created self-serve, prepaid service to
order and activate phones
o Shoe retailer using in-store inventory system to know
immediately if item was in stock
35
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT Innovation and Disruption:
Mega Trends (4 of 4)
• Machine-to-machine (M2M) Technology
o Enables sensor-embedded products to share reliable real time
data via radio signals
o Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a set of capabilities enabled
when physical things are connected to the internet via sensors
o M2M and IoT are widely used to automate businesses ranging
from transportation to healthcare
36
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT Innovation and Disruption:
Lessons Learned
Companies using technology as a genuine competitive
differentiator can reap these benefits:
1. Exploit the power of software
2. Develop, deliver, disrupt—quickly!
3. Boost speed and efficiency with Automated
Programming Interfaces (AIPs)
4. Leverage third-party innovation
5. Maximize returns with smarter IT investments
37
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT Innovation and Disruption
1. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
2. What is machine-to-machine (M2M) technology? Give an
example of a business process that could be automated with
M2M.
3. Describe the relationships in the SMAC model.
4. What impacts are the SMAC model having on business?
5. Why have mobile devices given consumers more power in the
marketplace?
6. Explain why connectivity is important in today’s on-demand
economy.
7. In what ways is IT disrupting business?
38
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In what ways is IT disrupting business?
• Disruptive Innovation: term coined by Clayton
Christensen. It describes an innovation that
creates a new market and value network,
disrupting the existing market and displacing
established market leaders.
• The classic example is how digital photography
disrupted the film photography industry.
39
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In what ways is IT disrupting business?
• Disruption: often implies a disturbance or
problem that interrupts an event, activity, or
process
• Business Disruption: an event that causes an
unexpected interruption or cessation of normal
business operations.
40
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In what ways is IT disrupting business?
• Disruption in business often comes in the form
of:
• Innovative technologies,
• New business models, or
• External events that change the way
companies operate and deliver value to their
customers.
41
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In what ways is IT disrupting business?
• Technological Disruption
• Digital Transformation:
• New Competitors:
• Market Disruption
• Changing Consumer Preferences:
• Globalization:
• Regulatory and Political Disruption
• Policy Changes:
• Trade Policies:
42
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In what ways is IT disrupting business?
• Social and Cultural Disruption
• Social Movements:
• Shifts in Work Culture:
• Economic Disruption
• Economic Crises:
• Fluctuations in Currency:
• Environmental Disruption
• Climate Change:
• Resource Scarcity:
43
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In what ways is IT disrupting business?
• Supply Chain Disruption
• Manufacturing Hurdles:
• Transportation Challenges:
44
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Learning Objectives (4 of 4)
45
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT and You: On-Demand Workers
Profile of U.S. On-Demand Workers (45 million)
• Expected their financial situation to improve over the
coming year—28.8 million
• Under 35 years of age—23 million
• Live in urban areas—18.45 million
• 63% are motivated to work in the on-demand economy
to earn supplemental income
Survey (Chriss, 2016)
46
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT and You: IT as a Career
• IT job growth is estimated at 12% from 2014 to 2024,
faster than the average for all other occupations. This
means about 488,500 new jobs.
• The median annual wage for computer and IT
occupations was $81,430 in May 2015, which was
considerably higher than the median annual wage of
$36,200 for all other occupations
• In 2017 only 2% of all IT workers were unemployed
47
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT and You: IT as a Career (1 of 2)
• IT Managers—play a vital role in the implementation
and administration of digital technology. They plan,
coordinate, and direct research on the computer-
related activities of firms.
• Chief Technology Officers (CTOs)—evaluate the newest
and most innovative technologies and determine how
they can be applied for competitive advantage.
• IT Project Managers—develop requirements, budgets,
and schedules for their firm’s information technology
projects. They coordinate such projects from
development through implementation.
48
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT and You: IT as a Career (2 of 2)
• Data Scientists manage and analyze massive sets of
data for purposes such as target marketing, trend
analysis, and the creation of individually tailored
products and services.
o Enterprises that want to take advantage of big data use real
time data from tweets, sensors, and their big data sources to
gain insights into their customers’ interests and preference, to
create new products and services, and to respond to changes
in usage patterns as they occur.
o Big data analytics has increased the demand for data
scientists.
49
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT and You: Become an Informed
IT User
• Understand how using IT can improve organizational
performance, benefit organizational growth, facilitate teamwork,
and improve individual productivity
• Understand how businesses can use IT to enhance the customer
experience
• Be able to offer input into the development and use of IT
• Know how to find emerging technologies to make radical
improvement in business processes
• Foster your entrepreneurial tendencies to start your own on-
demand business
50
Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IT and You
1. Why is IT a major enabler of business performance
and success?
2. Explain why it is beneficial to study IT today.
3. Why are IT job prospects strong?

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ch01.pptx e business m com second semester

  • 1. 1 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Course Objective To develop awareness of application of the technology in today's business world.
  • 2. 2 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Tech and Business Impact Objective: To understand the potential and real- world impact of various IT technologies on different types of businesses. Activity: Each student should select a nearby business and analyze how technology might transform its operations : • How can technology improve operational efficiency? • How can technology create new business opportunities or revenue streams? • What could be the challenges or potential risks of implementing technology?
  • 3. IT for Management: On-Demand Strategies for Performance, Growth, and Sustainability Eleventh Edition Turban, Pollard, Wood Chapter 1 Disruptive IT Impacts Companies, Competition, and Careers
  • 4. 4 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Learning Objectives (1 of 4)
  • 5. 5 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Doing Business in the On-Demand Economy • On-demand Economy is the economic activity created by technology companies that fulfill consumer demand through the immediate provisioning of products and services. • Propelled by proliferation of o Smartphone-connected consumers o Simple and secure purchase flows o Location-based services • Growth of app-driven companies like Airbnb, Uber, GrubHub have disrupted markets.
  • 6. 6 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Doing Business in the On-demand Economy: Airbnb, Uber On-demand business models of Airbnb and Uber have been extremely successful.
  • 7. Key Strategic and Tactical Questions 7 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • 8. 8 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Doing Business in the On-demand Economy: Digital Business Models Digital business models refer to how companies engage their customers digitally to create value via websites, social channels, and mobile devices.
  • 9. 9 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Doing Business in the On-Demand Economy: Terminology • Business Model is how an enterprise generates revenue or sustains itself. • Digital Business Model is defined by how a business makes money via digital technology. • Customer Experience (CX) is about building the digital infrastructure that allows customers to do whatever they want to do, through whatever channel they choose to do it.
  • 10. 10 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Doing Business in the On-demand Economy: Digital Business Models • Why develop digital business models? o Deliver an incredible customer experience o Turn a profit o Increase market share o Engage their employees • How does the customer experience (CX) measure up? o There is a strong relationship between the quality of a firm’s CX and brand loyalty, which in turn increases revenue.
  • 11. 11 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Top IT Management Issues 1. Technology Alignment with the Business 2. Security, Cybersecurity, & Privacy 3. Innovation 4. IT Agility & Flexibility 5. Business Cost Reduction & Controls 6. IT Cost Reduction & Controls 7. Speed of IT Delivery & IT Time to Market 8. Speed of IT Delivery & IT Time to Market 9. Business Strategic Planning 10. Business Productivity & Efficiency Comparison of Top 10 Management Priorities (Adapted from Kappelman, McLean, Johnson, and Gerhart 2017)
  • 12. 12 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Doing Business in the On-Demand Economy: Business Objectives (1 of 2) 1. Product Development—IT helps businesses respond quickly to changing customer demands 2. Stakeholder Integration—companies use their investor relations websites to communicate with shareholders, research analysts, and others in the market 3. Process Improvement—An ERP systems replaces dozens of legacy systems for finance, human resources, and other functional areas, to increase efficiency and cost-effectiveness of internal business processes
  • 13. 13 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Doing Business in the On-Demand Economy: Business Objectives (2 of 2) 4. Cost Efficiencies—IT allows companies to reduce transaction and implementation costs, such as costs of duplication and postage of email vs snail mail. 5. Competitive Advantage—Companies can use agile development, prototyping, and other systems methodologies to bring a product to market cost effectively and quickly. 6. Globalization—companies can outsource most of their non-core functions, such as HR and finance, to offshore companies and use ICT to stay in contact with its global employees, customers and suppliers 24/7
  • 14. 14 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Doing Business in the On-Demand Economy: Questions (1 of 2) 1. What precipitated the on-demand economy? 2. How is IT contributing to the success of the on-demand economy? 3. List the six IT business objectives 4. What are the key strategic and tactical questions that determine an organization’s profitability and management performance?
  • 15. 15 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Doing Business in the On-Demand Economy: Questions (2 of 2) 5. What is a business model? 6. What is a digital business model? 7. Give two examples of how companies are transitioning to digital business models. 8. What factors are driving the move to digital business models?
  • 16. 16 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Learning Objectives (2 of 4)
  • 17. 17 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Business Process Improvement: Terminology (1 of 2) • Business Process is a series of steps by which an organization coordinates and organizes tasks to get work done. • Process is comprised of the activities that convert inputs into outputs by doing work. • Deliverables are outputs created through work toward a desired benefit or expected performance improvement. • Performance is a result of processes where maximizing efficiency over one’s competitors is a critical success factor.
  • 18. 18 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Business Process Improvement: Components of a Business Process INPUTS Raw materials, data, knowledge, expertise ACTIVITIES Work that transforms input & acts on data and knowledge DELIVERABLES Products, services, plans, or actions
  • 19. 19 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Business Process Improvement: Characteristics • Business Process Characteristics o Formal Processes or Standard Operating Procedures (SOP): documented and have well-established steps. o Informal Processes: typically undocumented, undefined, or are knowledge-intensive. o Range from slow, rigid to fast-moving, adaptive. o Can be rigid, resistant to change, or adaptive, responding to change.
  • 20. 20 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Eight Phases of Business Process Reengineering
  • 21. 21 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Eight Phases of Business Process Reengineering 1. Develop Vision & Objectives 2. Understand Existing Processes 3. Identify Process for Redesign 4. Identify Change Levers 5. Implement New Process 6. Make New Process Operational 7. Evaluate New Process 8. Perform Continuous Improvement
  • 22. 22 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Business Process Improvement: BPR • Process Improvement o Continuous examination to determine whether processes are still necessary or operating at peak efficiency by eliminating wasted steps called Business Process Reengineering (BPR). o Digital technology enhances processes by: • Automating manual procedures • Expanding data flows to reach more functions and parallel sequential activities • Creating innovative business processes to create new models.
  • 23. 23 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Gaining a Competitive Advantage: Components
  • 24. 24 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Business Process Improvement: Terminology (2 of 2) • Agility is the ability to respond quickly. • Responsiveness is IT capacity that can be easily scaled up or down as needed. • Flexibility is the ability to quickly integrate new business functions or to easily reconfigure software or applications. IT agility, flexibility, and mobility are tightly interrelated and fully dependent on an organization’s IT infrastructure and architecture.
  • 25. 25 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Business Process Improvement: IT Consumerization • IT Consumerization is the migration of consumer technology into enterprise IT environments. It’s caused by personally owned IT becoming a capable and cost-effective solution for expensive enterprise equivalents.
  • 26. 26 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Software Support for BPM • Process Management o Consists of methods, tools, and technology to support and continuously improve business processes also known as Business Process Management (BPM). o BPM software is used to map processes performed manually, by computers, or to design new processes. o BPM requires buy-in from a broad cross section of the business, the right technology selection, and highly effective change management to be successful.
  • 27. 27 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Business Process Improvement and Competitive Advantage 1. What is a business process? Give three examples. 2. What is the difference between business deliverables and objectives? 3. List and give examples of the three components of a business process. 4. Explain the differences between formal and informal processes. 5. What is the standard operating procedure (SOP)? 6. What is the purpose of business process management (BPM)? 7. What are the characteristics of an agile organization? 8. Explain IT consumerization. 9. Define competitive advantage.
  • 28. 28 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Learning Objectives (3 of 4)
  • 29. 29 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT Innovation and Disruption: Intro SMAC Model • Social-Mobile-Analytics-Cloud (SMAC) Model o Huge data centers accessible via the Internet form the fore for the cloud by providing 24/7 access to storage, apps, and services. o Handheld and wearable devices and their users form the edge of the cloud. o Social channels connect the core and edge. o The SMAC integration creates the technical and services infrastructure needed to digital business.
  • 30. 30 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT Innovation and Disruption: Social- Mobile-Analytics-Cloud (SMAC) Model of the integration of cloud, mobile, and social technologies. The cloud forms the core. Mobile devices are the endpoints. Social networks create the connection.
  • 31. 31 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT Innovation and Disruption: SMAC Influence • Social-Mobile-Analytics-Cloud (SMAC) o Powerful social influences impact advertising and marketing. o Consumer devices go digital and offer new services. o eBay’s move to cloud technology improves sellers’ and buyers’ experiences
  • 32. 32 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT Innovation and Disruption: Mega Trends (1 of 4) Mega Trends are forces that shape or create the future of business, the economy, and society. • Connectivity o Need to connect across multiple channels and platforms o Cloud Services are any computing resource provided over the Internet on demand, rather than run applications from software stored on company-owned server or computer. o Digital resources no longer dependent on buying/owning that resource.
  • 33. 33 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT Innovation and Disruption: Mega Trends (2 of 4) • Big Data and Data Analytics o Commonly defined as high-volume, mostly text data o 80-90% consists of Unstructured data, having no predictable format o Multiple channels and sources: • Machine-generated data from sensors and mobile devices • Social media content from clicks, tweets, blogs • Clickstream data from Internet searches
  • 34. 34 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT Innovation and Disruption: Mega Trends (3 of 4) • Digitization is the process of transforming any kind of activity or information into a digital format that can be collected, stored, searched, and analyzed electronically —and efficiently. o Banks digitizing mortgage application/decision process cut costs per new mortgage by 70% o Telecomm company created self-serve, prepaid service to order and activate phones o Shoe retailer using in-store inventory system to know immediately if item was in stock
  • 35. 35 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT Innovation and Disruption: Mega Trends (4 of 4) • Machine-to-machine (M2M) Technology o Enables sensor-embedded products to share reliable real time data via radio signals o Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a set of capabilities enabled when physical things are connected to the internet via sensors o M2M and IoT are widely used to automate businesses ranging from transportation to healthcare
  • 36. 36 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT Innovation and Disruption: Lessons Learned Companies using technology as a genuine competitive differentiator can reap these benefits: 1. Exploit the power of software 2. Develop, deliver, disrupt—quickly! 3. Boost speed and efficiency with Automated Programming Interfaces (AIPs) 4. Leverage third-party innovation 5. Maximize returns with smarter IT investments
  • 37. 37 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT Innovation and Disruption 1. What are the benefits of cloud computing? 2. What is machine-to-machine (M2M) technology? Give an example of a business process that could be automated with M2M. 3. Describe the relationships in the SMAC model. 4. What impacts are the SMAC model having on business? 5. Why have mobile devices given consumers more power in the marketplace? 6. Explain why connectivity is important in today’s on-demand economy. 7. In what ways is IT disrupting business?
  • 38. 38 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. In what ways is IT disrupting business? • Disruptive Innovation: term coined by Clayton Christensen. It describes an innovation that creates a new market and value network, disrupting the existing market and displacing established market leaders. • The classic example is how digital photography disrupted the film photography industry.
  • 39. 39 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. In what ways is IT disrupting business? • Disruption: often implies a disturbance or problem that interrupts an event, activity, or process • Business Disruption: an event that causes an unexpected interruption or cessation of normal business operations.
  • 40. 40 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. In what ways is IT disrupting business? • Disruption in business often comes in the form of: • Innovative technologies, • New business models, or • External events that change the way companies operate and deliver value to their customers.
  • 41. 41 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. In what ways is IT disrupting business? • Technological Disruption • Digital Transformation: • New Competitors: • Market Disruption • Changing Consumer Preferences: • Globalization: • Regulatory and Political Disruption • Policy Changes: • Trade Policies:
  • 42. 42 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. In what ways is IT disrupting business? • Social and Cultural Disruption • Social Movements: • Shifts in Work Culture: • Economic Disruption • Economic Crises: • Fluctuations in Currency: • Environmental Disruption • Climate Change: • Resource Scarcity:
  • 43. 43 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. In what ways is IT disrupting business? • Supply Chain Disruption • Manufacturing Hurdles: • Transportation Challenges:
  • 44. 44 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Learning Objectives (4 of 4)
  • 45. 45 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT and You: On-Demand Workers Profile of U.S. On-Demand Workers (45 million) • Expected their financial situation to improve over the coming year—28.8 million • Under 35 years of age—23 million • Live in urban areas—18.45 million • 63% are motivated to work in the on-demand economy to earn supplemental income Survey (Chriss, 2016)
  • 46. 46 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT and You: IT as a Career • IT job growth is estimated at 12% from 2014 to 2024, faster than the average for all other occupations. This means about 488,500 new jobs. • The median annual wage for computer and IT occupations was $81,430 in May 2015, which was considerably higher than the median annual wage of $36,200 for all other occupations • In 2017 only 2% of all IT workers were unemployed
  • 47. 47 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT and You: IT as a Career (1 of 2) • IT Managers—play a vital role in the implementation and administration of digital technology. They plan, coordinate, and direct research on the computer- related activities of firms. • Chief Technology Officers (CTOs)—evaluate the newest and most innovative technologies and determine how they can be applied for competitive advantage. • IT Project Managers—develop requirements, budgets, and schedules for their firm’s information technology projects. They coordinate such projects from development through implementation.
  • 48. 48 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT and You: IT as a Career (2 of 2) • Data Scientists manage and analyze massive sets of data for purposes such as target marketing, trend analysis, and the creation of individually tailored products and services. o Enterprises that want to take advantage of big data use real time data from tweets, sensors, and their big data sources to gain insights into their customers’ interests and preference, to create new products and services, and to respond to changes in usage patterns as they occur. o Big data analytics has increased the demand for data scientists.
  • 49. 49 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT and You: Become an Informed IT User • Understand how using IT can improve organizational performance, benefit organizational growth, facilitate teamwork, and improve individual productivity • Understand how businesses can use IT to enhance the customer experience • Be able to offer input into the development and use of IT • Know how to find emerging technologies to make radical improvement in business processes • Foster your entrepreneurial tendencies to start your own on- demand business
  • 50. 50 Copyright ©2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IT and You 1. Why is IT a major enabler of business performance and success? 2. Explain why it is beneficial to study IT today. 3. Why are IT job prospects strong?

Editor's Notes

  • #40: Disruption in business often comes in the form of innovative technologies, new business models, or external events that change the way companies operate and deliver value to their customers. Let's delve into a few facets of how disruption can impact business: 1. Technological Disruption Digital Transformation: Advances in technologies, such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and IoT, drive businesses to alter their operational models, adopting digital methods to enhance efficiency and customer service. New Competitors: Startup companies may leverage technology to provide products or services in a novel way that is more efficient, cheaper, or otherwise more desirable to consumers, thereby challenging established businesses. 2. Market Disruption Changing Consumer Preferences: New generations of consumers with different preferences and values (e.g., sustainability or ethical production) can disrupt traditional market dynamics. Globalization: Businesses are now accessible to international markets more easily, bringing in new competitors and creating a need to adapt products and marketing strategies to diverse cultural contexts. 3. Regulatory and Political Disruption Policy Changes: New regulations or policies can disrupt business operations, requiring companies to adapt to new legal frameworks, such as data protection laws or environmental regulations. Trade Policies: Changes in international trade policies may disrupt supply chains, alter cost structures, and demand strategic adaptations. 4. Social and Cultural Disruption Social Movements: Movements like Black Lives Matter or #MeToo can push businesses to reassess their cultural practices, employment policies, and external communications. Shifts in Work Culture: The rise of remote work and the emphasis on work-life balance are altering organizational structures and operational norms. 5. Economic Disruption Economic Crises: Economic downturns or crises, like the 2008 financial crisis or the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, can dramatically disrupt businesses across sectors. Fluctuations in Currency: Sudden changes in currency values can impact international businesses, affecting pricing strategies and profit margins. 6. Environmental Disruption Climate Change: This can impact supply chains and create a demand for more sustainable practices, influencing consumer preferences and potentially regulatory requirements. Resource Scarcity: Scarcity of resources, like raw materials, can force businesses to innovate, find alternatives, or re-strategize their production. 7. Supply Chain Disruption Manufacturing Hurdles: Events like natural disasters or political instabilities can hamper manufacturing processes, impacting the availability and cost of goods. Transportation Challenges: Disruptions in transportation, owing to various reasons like geopolitical issues or pandemics, can impact the timely delivery of goods and services. Business disruption necessitates adaptation, and organizations that successfully navigate through disruptive periods often emerge more robust and better aligned with evolving market demands. This emphasizes the importance of adaptability, foresight, and resilience in business strategies to navigate through the waves of disruption and capitalize on new opportunities.
  • #41: Disruption in business often comes in the form of innovative technologies, new business models, or external events that change the way companies operate and deliver value to their customers. Let's delve into a few facets of how disruption can impact business: 1. Technological Disruption Digital Transformation: Advances in technologies, such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and IoT, drive businesses to alter their operational models, adopting digital methods to enhance efficiency and customer service. New Competitors: Startup companies may leverage technology to provide products or services in a novel way that is more efficient, cheaper, or otherwise more desirable to consumers, thereby challenging established businesses. 2. Market Disruption Changing Consumer Preferences: New generations of consumers with different preferences and values (e.g., sustainability or ethical production) can disrupt traditional market dynamics. Globalization: Businesses are now accessible to international markets more easily, bringing in new competitors and creating a need to adapt products and marketing strategies to diverse cultural contexts. 3. Regulatory and Political Disruption Policy Changes: New regulations or policies can disrupt business operations, requiring companies to adapt to new legal frameworks, such as data protection laws or environmental regulations. Trade Policies: Changes in international trade policies may disrupt supply chains, alter cost structures, and demand strategic adaptations. 4. Social and Cultural Disruption Social Movements: Movements like Black Lives Matter or #MeToo can push businesses to reassess their cultural practices, employment policies, and external communications. Shifts in Work Culture: The rise of remote work and the emphasis on work-life balance are altering organizational structures and operational norms. 5. Economic Disruption Economic Crises: Economic downturns or crises, like the 2008 financial crisis or the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, can dramatically disrupt businesses across sectors. Fluctuations in Currency: Sudden changes in currency values can impact international businesses, affecting pricing strategies and profit margins. 6. Environmental Disruption Climate Change: This can impact supply chains and create a demand for more sustainable practices, influencing consumer preferences and potentially regulatory requirements. Resource Scarcity: Scarcity of resources, like raw materials, can force businesses to innovate, find alternatives, or re-strategize their production. 7. Supply Chain Disruption Manufacturing Hurdles: Events like natural disasters or political instabilities can hamper manufacturing processes, impacting the availability and cost of goods. Transportation Challenges: Disruptions in transportation, owing to various reasons like geopolitical issues or pandemics, can impact the timely delivery of goods and services. Business disruption necessitates adaptation, and organizations that successfully navigate through disruptive periods often emerge more robust and better aligned with evolving market demands. This emphasizes the importance of adaptability, foresight, and resilience in business strategies to navigate through the waves of disruption and capitalize on new opportunities.
  • #42: Disruption in business often comes in the form of innovative technologies, new business models, or external events that change the way companies operate and deliver value to their customers. Let's delve into a few facets of how disruption can impact business: 1. Technological Disruption Digital Transformation: Advances in technologies, such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and IoT, drive businesses to alter their operational models, adopting digital methods to enhance efficiency and customer service. New Competitors: Startup companies may leverage technology to provide products or services in a novel way that is more efficient, cheaper, or otherwise more desirable to consumers, thereby challenging established businesses. 2. Market Disruption Changing Consumer Preferences: New generations of consumers with different preferences and values (e.g., sustainability or ethical production) can disrupt traditional market dynamics. Globalization: Businesses are now accessible to international markets more easily, bringing in new competitors and creating a need to adapt products and marketing strategies to diverse cultural contexts. 3. Regulatory and Political Disruption Policy Changes: New regulations or policies can disrupt business operations, requiring companies to adapt to new legal frameworks, such as data protection laws or environmental regulations. Trade Policies: Changes in international trade policies may disrupt supply chains, alter cost structures, and demand strategic adaptations. 4. Social and Cultural Disruption Social Movements: Movements like Black Lives Matter or #MeToo can push businesses to reassess their cultural practices, employment policies, and external communications. Shifts in Work Culture: The rise of remote work and the emphasis on work-life balance are altering organizational structures and operational norms. 5. Economic Disruption Economic Crises: Economic downturns or crises, like the 2008 financial crisis or the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, can dramatically disrupt businesses across sectors. Fluctuations in Currency: Sudden changes in currency values can impact international businesses, affecting pricing strategies and profit margins. 6. Environmental Disruption Climate Change: This can impact supply chains and create a demand for more sustainable practices, influencing consumer preferences and potentially regulatory requirements. Resource Scarcity: Scarcity of resources, like raw materials, can force businesses to innovate, find alternatives, or re-strategize their production. 7. Supply Chain Disruption Manufacturing Hurdles: Events like natural disasters or political instabilities can hamper manufacturing processes, impacting the availability and cost of goods. Transportation Challenges: Disruptions in transportation, owing to various reasons like geopolitical issues or pandemics, can impact the timely delivery of goods and services. Business disruption necessitates adaptation, and organizations that successfully navigate through disruptive periods often emerge more robust and better aligned with evolving market demands. This emphasizes the importance of adaptability, foresight, and resilience in business strategies to navigate through the waves of disruption and capitalize on new opportunities.
  • #43: Disruption in business often comes in the form of innovative technologies, new business models, or external events that change the way companies operate and deliver value to their customers. Let's delve into a few facets of how disruption can impact business: 1. Technological Disruption Digital Transformation: Advances in technologies, such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and IoT, drive businesses to alter their operational models, adopting digital methods to enhance efficiency and customer service. New Competitors: Startup companies may leverage technology to provide products or services in a novel way that is more efficient, cheaper, or otherwise more desirable to consumers, thereby challenging established businesses. 2. Market Disruption Changing Consumer Preferences: New generations of consumers with different preferences and values (e.g., sustainability or ethical production) can disrupt traditional market dynamics. Globalization: Businesses are now accessible to international markets more easily, bringing in new competitors and creating a need to adapt products and marketing strategies to diverse cultural contexts. 3. Regulatory and Political Disruption Policy Changes: New regulations or policies can disrupt business operations, requiring companies to adapt to new legal frameworks, such as data protection laws or environmental regulations. Trade Policies: Changes in international trade policies may disrupt supply chains, alter cost structures, and demand strategic adaptations. 4. Social and Cultural Disruption Social Movements: Movements like Black Lives Matter or #MeToo can push businesses to reassess their cultural practices, employment policies, and external communications. Shifts in Work Culture: The rise of remote work and the emphasis on work-life balance are altering organizational structures and operational norms. 5. Economic Disruption Economic Crises: Economic downturns or crises, like the 2008 financial crisis or the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, can dramatically disrupt businesses across sectors. Fluctuations in Currency: Sudden changes in currency values can impact international businesses, affecting pricing strategies and profit margins. 6. Environmental Disruption Climate Change: This can impact supply chains and create a demand for more sustainable practices, influencing consumer preferences and potentially regulatory requirements. Resource Scarcity: Scarcity of resources, like raw materials, can force businesses to innovate, find alternatives, or re-strategize their production. 7. Supply Chain Disruption Manufacturing Hurdles: Events like natural disasters or political instabilities can hamper manufacturing processes, impacting the availability and cost of goods. Transportation Challenges: Disruptions in transportation, owing to various reasons like geopolitical issues or pandemics, can impact the timely delivery of goods and services. Business disruption necessitates adaptation, and organizations that successfully navigate through disruptive periods often emerge more robust and better aligned with evolving market demands. This emphasizes the importance of adaptability, foresight, and resilience in business strategies to navigate through the waves of disruption and capitalize on new opportunities.