Ch1 (1).ppt
- 1. Introduction to Compiler Construction Robert van Engelen http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~engelen/courses/COP5621 COP5621 Compiler Construction Copyright Robert van Engelen, Florida State University, 2005
- 2. Syllabus • Prerequisites: COP4020 • Textbook: “Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools” by Aho, Sethi, and Ullman • Other material: “The JavaTM Virtual Machine Specification”, 2nd edition and class handouts • Four exams (60%) and continuous programming assignments (40%) • For more up-to-date info: http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~engelen/courses/COP5621
- 3. Assignments and Schedule http://www.cs.fsu.edu/~engelen/courses/COP5621/assign.html
- 4. Objectives • Know how to build a compiler for a (simplified) (programming) language • Know how to use compiler construction tools, such as generators for scanners and parsers • Be familiar with virtual machines, such as the JVM and Java bytecode • Be able to write LL(1), LR(1), and LALR(1) grammars (for new languages) • Be familiar with compiler analysis and optimization techniques • … learn how to work on a larger software project!
- 5. Compilers and Interpreters • “Compilation” – Translation of a program written in a source language into a semantically equivalent program written in a target language Compiler Error messages Source Program Target Program Input Output
- 6. Compilers and Interpreters (cont’d) Interpreter Source Program Input Output Error messages • “Interpretation” – Performing the operations implied by the source program
- 7. The Analysis-Synthesis Model of Compilation • There are two parts to compilation: – Analysis determines the operations implied by the source program which are recorded in a tree structure – Synthesis takes the tree structure and translates the operations therein into the target program
- 8. Other Tools that Use the Analysis-Synthesis Model • Editors (syntax highlighting) • Pretty printers (e.g. doxygen) • Static checkers (e.g. lint and splint) • Interpreters • Text formatters (e.g. TeX and LaTeX) • Silicon compilers (e.g. VHDL) • Query interpreters/compilers (Databases)
- 9. Preprocessors, Compilers, Assemblers, and Linkers Preprocessor Compiler Assembler Linker Skeletal Source Program Source Program Target Assembly Program Relocatable Object Code Absolute Machine Code Libraries and Relocatable Object Files Try for example: gcc -v myprog.c
- 10. The Phases of a Compiler Phase Output Sample Programmer Source string A=B+C; Scanner (performs lexical analysis) Token string ‘A’, ‘=’, ‘B’, ‘+’, ‘C’, ‘;’ And symbol table for identifiers Parser (performs syntax analysis based on the grammar of the programming language) Parse tree or abstract syntax tree ; | = / A + / B C Semantic analyzer (type checking, etc) Parse tree or abstract syntax tree Intermediate code generator Three-address code, quads, or RTL int2fp B t1 + t1 C t2 := t2 A Optimizer Three-address code, quads, or RTL int2fp B t1 + t1 #2.3 A Code generator Assembly code MOVF #2.3,r1 ADDF2 r1,r2 MOVF r2,A Peephole optimizer Assembly code ADDF2 #2.3,r2 MOVF r2,A
- 11. The Grouping of Phases • Compiler front and back ends: – Analysis (machine independent front end) – Synthesis (machine dependent back end) • Passes – A collection of phases may be repeated only once (single pass) or multiple times (multi pass) – Single pass: usually requires everything to be defined before being used in source program – Multi pass: compiler may have to keep entire program representation in memory
- 12. Compiler-Construction Tools • Software development tools are available to implement one or more compiler phases – Scanner generators – Parser generators – Syntax-directed translation engines – Automatic code generators – Data-flow engines
- 13. Outline • Ch. 1: Introduction • Ch. 2: A simple One-Pass Compiler for the JVM • Ch. 3: Lexical Analysis and Lex/Flex • Ch. 4: Syntax Analysis and Yacc/Bison • Ch. 5: Syntax-Directed Translation • Ch. 6: Type Checking • Ch. 7: Run-Time Environments • Ch. 8: Intermediate Code Generation • Ch. 9: Code Generation • Ch.10: Code Optimization