Ch.10 dss future

Future Trends
in DSS
27/04/2015 1Dr. Bashir/CPHHI/UH/2015

Learning Objectives
• Explain Versions of DSS
• Explore Expectations from DSS
• Understand Classification of data
• Recognize Training
• Explain Interface of tools
• Understand Group DSS
• Explore Decision Support Centre
• Explain Strategic DSS
• Understand Intelligent DSS
• Explain Future of DSS

Versions of DSS
• Many Of The Popular DSS Tools That Was The Big Hit
Around Year 2000 Has Been Transformed Into Full Business
Intelligence Tools Where You Can Get A Broad Overview
Over All Your Live Data And Easily Make Those Tough
Decisions Based On The Facts And Data Instead Of
Guesses.
• The New Versions Of Decision Support Systems Makes It
Even Easier For You To Make The Right Choices, They
Prevent The Data In A Much Better Way Than Earlier, The
Data Is More Accurate And They Are Able To Pull The Data
From Additional Sources.

Expectation from DSS
• But What Can We Expect In 10 Or 15 Years From
These DSS Tools? In The Next 1-2 Years We Will Be
Seeing A Large Increase In Apps For Tables Like The
Apple Ipad And Similar Devices.
• There Are Already A Few Of Those On The Market
But The Quality Isn’t That Good Yet And There Are
Still A Lot Of Room For Improvements.
• We Will See DSS Tools That Can Pull Data From An
Even Wider Range Of Sources As More And More
Data Gets Stored And Filed In The Systems.

Classification of Data
• We Integrate The Various Sources More,
There Is Much More Classification Of Data
Too. This Will Help The Decision Support
System To Make An Even Better Overview
And Help You Make Some More Accurate
Decisions And Making These Types Of
Business Intelligence Software Systems
Even More Valuable Than Today.

Training
• Right Now Many Of The Systems Require A Lot
Of Training To Use Properly, That Part Is Also
Something We Can Expect To See Improved In
The Near Future So That Even People Will
Almost No Training Will Be Able To Get The
Right Data From The Various Systems And Be
Able To Use Types Kind Of DSS Programs
Easily.

Interface Of Tools
• The Interface Is Like To Change Quite A Bit And
Most Of The Tools Will Very Likely Change To Be
Used Mainly On Tablets Instead Of Regular
Computers.
• This Also Means That They Will Need To Either
Pre Process The Data On A More Powerful
Computer First Or Make Optimizations To The
DSS Tools So That They Can Much Easier Process
The Data Without Having To Use Some Heavy
CPU And Ram Power In Order To Do So.

Group DSS
• Group Decision Making Plays A Major Role
In Determining Corporate Affairs .
• How To Design The Group DSSs For
Supporting Group Meetings Is A Complex
Task Because Of The
– Complex Combination Of People, Places
– Time , Communication Networks
–Individual Preferences, And Other Technologies.

• A Group Meeting Can Be Conducted At The
Same Place, Or At Different Places Attended By
Different Groups Of People Using
Teleconferencing Techniques.
• On The Other Hand, A Group Meeting Can Be
Conducted During A Fixed
Period Of Time, Or It Is Just An Unlimited On-
going Process.
• Group DSS Is Supposed To Support Any One Of
The Possible Combinations.
Group DSS

Decision Support Centre
• Decision Support Centre Is An Emerging
Concept.
• A Decision Support Group Is Staffed By
Information Systems Professionals Who
Understand The Business
Environment, Form The Core Of Decision
Support Centre, With Advanced
Information Technology.

• A Decision Support Centre Is Usually
Located In Close Proximity To Top
Management So That Instant Decision
Support Can Be Provided.
• A Decision Support Group Will Readily
Develop Or Modify DSSs To Support Top
Management In Making
Urgent And Important Decisions.
Decision Support Centre

Strategic DSS
•DSS For Supporting Strategic
Management Is A Well Recognized Area
Of Importance And Significance .
•It Is An Area Where DSS Can Make A
Substantial
Impact On The Top Management And
Corporation.

Intelligent DSS
•Some Authors, Notably Nolan (1986),Suggested
The Adaptation Of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
and Expert Systems Techniques To DSS.
•However, Most Authors Under-estimate The
Difficulties In Representing Commonsense
Knowledge Which Is An Unsolved Problem In
AI.

The DSS of the Future
• Intelligent DSS Should Be More Practical.
• Future DSS Should Be Creative.
• Latest Advances In Computer Technology
Improving DSS.

• Larger Role For
– Management Science
–Cognitive Psychology
–Behavioral Theory
–Information Economics
–Computer Science
–And Political Science
The DSS Of The Future

• Improved DSS Apply To More
Unstructured Problems.
• Must Be Able To Create Alternatives
Independently.
• Much Longer-range Perspective Of DSS
Research.

• Research On Interactions Between Individuals
And Groups.
• More Examination Of The Human Component
Of DSS: Learning And Empowerment.
• Enhancement Of DSS Applications With Values
And Ethics.

• Major Research In Human-machine
Interfaces And Their Impacts On
Creativity And Learning.
• Organizational Impacts Of DSS.
• Decision Support System Products Are
Incorporating Artificial Intelligence:
Intelligent DSS.

• Focused Versions Of DSS Toward Specific Sets
Of Users Or Applications.
• Continued Development Of User-friendly
Capabilities.
• The DSS Software Market Continues To
Develop And Mature.

20
Virtual Reality
• Virtual Reality System: Enables One Or More
Users To Move And React In A Computer-
simulated Environment
• Immersive Virtual Reality: User Becomes Fully
Immersed In An Artificial, Three-dimensional
World That Is Completely Generated By A
Computer
27/04/2015 Dr. Bashir/CPHHI/UH/2014

21
Interface Devices
• Head-Mounted Display (HMD)
• CAVE (Computer Assisted Virtual Environment )
– Projects Stereo Images On Walls And Floor Of A
Room-sized Cube
• Earphones
• Haptic (Touch) Interface
– Relays Sense Of Touch And Other Sensations In A
Virtual World
– Most Challenging To Create
27/04/2015 Dr. Bashir/CPHHI/UH/2014

The PowerWall is a virtual reality system that displays large models in
accurate dimensions.
22Dr. Bashir/CPHHI/UH/2014

Military personnel train in an immersive CAVE system.
23Dr. Bashir/CPHHI/UH/2014

Virtual Reality Applications
• Medicine
–Pain And Anxiety; Examinations And
Diagnoses; Physical Therapy
• Education And Training
–Virtual School Trips, Military Training

What Developments
• Support for Patient Groups
• Telemedicine
– Outreach Monitoring – Lifeshirt and others
• Human Factors Design
– Alarms and Displays – Preventing Medical Error

Telemedicine
• Synergistic On New Non-medical Technologies
– Land-based Telephone Technology
– Mobile Telephone Technology
– Blue Tooth,.........wireless...........etc.
• Takes Different Forms
– Remote ECG Analysis
– Remote Consultation

What is Telemedicine
•Telemedicine May Be Defined As
The Use Of Computers And
Telecommunication Technologies
To Provide Medical Information
And Services From Distant Locations

Different Types Of Services
 Telecardiology
 Teleradiology
 Telepathology
 Tele psychiatry
 Early Warning System
[ Prevention and control of endemic and infectious diseases ]

Requirement Specification
Nodal Hospital
Referral Hospital
• A Patient Getting Treated
• A Doctor
• A Remote Telemedicine Console Having Audio Visual
And Data Conferencing Facilities
• An Expert/ Specialized Doctor
• A Central Telemedicine Server Having
Audio Visual And Data Conferencing Facility

Sequence Of Operation
PATIENT IN
Patient visits OPD
Local Doctor checks up
Patient receives local treatment
and not referred to telemedicine
system
Patient referred to the Telemedicine system (some special
investigations may be suggested)
Patient visits Telemedicine data-entry console.
Operator entries patient record, data and images of test
results, appointment date is fixed for online telemedicine
session
OUT
OUT
Offline Data transfer
from Nodal Centre

Sequence of Operation
Patient 1
Patient 2
Patient 3
Patient 4
.
.
.
Online conference for the patient.
Patient, local doctors at the nodal
hospital and specialist doctors at the
referral hospital
Patient Queue
IN OUT

Hardware Configuration
Digital camera
Referral Hospital
Nodal Hospital
PSTN/ISDN/VSAT link
Scanner
PrinterModem
Modem
Microscope and other
medical instruments
Video Conference
Video Conference
Telephone
Telephone

Software Modules
Offline Activities
Online Activities

The Data
• Data Related To A Patient’s Personal
Information
• Data Related To A Patients Medical Information
• Data For Patient Management In Telemedicine
• Data Related To The Doctors
• Data For System Management

Other Issues
•Incorporation of Standard.
•Health Level Seven (HL7)
•Digital Imaging Communication in Medicine
(DICOM)
•Data Security.
•Legal & Ethical Issue

More Radical Approach
• Lifeshirt
– Set of sensors in a jacket
– Recorded on a PDA
– Analysed by software
remotely or at home
– Remote monitoring possible
– GPS

Lifeshirt requires
• Online/automatic data interpretation
– Data-mining and machine learning
• Easy to use sensors
• Social framework of response

Human Error
Cause of Critical Incident %
Human Factors Error 65.9
Fixation Error 20.5
Unknown Cause 10.6
Equipment Failure 3.0
Type of error %
Failure to check 43.9
Inexperience 41.0
Inattention 32.7
Fixation 20.5
Haste 25.8
Distraction 14.0
Fatigue 10.8
Not following procedure 6.1

Lessons to be drawn
• Informatics solutions that are not ecological
will create more error
• Solutions that create more error will destroy
clinical confidence in informatics
• Solutions that destroy confidence in
informatics will not be used

Conclusions
• Health Informatics will be very important in the
future
– Very varied
– Depend on Social underpinning
– Has to be appropriate not flash

Conclusions
Our imagination is the only limit to what we can hope
to have in the future.
Charles F. Kettering
I have seen the future and it doesn't work.
Robert Fulford

• Any Questions?

Ch.10 dss future

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