Ch11 sec 1 lec notes
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Stoichiometry is the study of quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions. It is based on the law of conservation of mass, which states that mass is conserved in chemical reactions. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of iron and oxygen shows that four moles of iron react with three moles of oxygen to produce two moles of iron(III) oxide. While the chemical equation does not show masses, the mole quantities can be converted to masses by using molar masses. The total mass of reactants must equal the total mass of products, according to the law of conservation of mass.
Ch11 sec 1 lec notes
- 1. Name:…………………………………………… Grade: ……………10…………………….. Subject: Chemistry Date:………………. Chapter 11 : Stoichiometry Section 1 : defining Stoichiometry Stoichiometry: The study of quantitative relationships between the amounts of reactants used and amounts of products formed by a chemical reaction Stoichiometry is based on the law of conservation of mass. Which states that states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction In any chemical reaction, the amount of matter present at the end of the reaction is the same as the amount of matter present at the beginning. Therefore, the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.
- 2. The balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction shown in Figure 1 is as follows 4Fe(s) + 3 O 2 (g) → 2F e 2 O 3 (s) Remember : the coefficients in an equation represent not only numbers of individual particles but also numbers of moles of particles. Therefore, you can also say that four moles of iron react with three moles of oxygen to produce two moles of iron(III) oxide. The chemical equation does not directly tell you anything about the masses of the reactants and products However, by converting the known mole quantities to mass, the mass relationships become clear. moles are converted to mass by multiplying by the molar mass. So the mass of the reactant is calculated as follows 4 mol Fe ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………. 3 mol O2 ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… The total mass of the reactants is: (………. + ………… ) = ………… g Similarly, the mass of the product is calculated as follows: 2 mol F e 2 O 3 ………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………
- 3. Note that the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the product. mass of reactants = mass of products 319.4 g = 319.4 g As predicted by the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the reactants equals the mass of the product. The relationships that can be determined from a balanced chemical equation are summarized in Table 1. ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………..
- 4. A mole ratio: is a ratio between the numbers of moles of any two of the substances in a balanced chemical equation 2K(s) + B r 2 (l) → 2KBr(s) the mole ratios for the equation above are : ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………..