Close-to-Nature continuous cover forestry Dr Jurij Diaci, Slovenia
Download as PPT, PDF2 likes622 views
This document discusses close-to-nature forestry (CTN) and how it links ecological, economic, and social values. It outlines the origins of CTN stemming from degraded landscapes and efforts at more natural reforestation. CTN operates using irregular shelterwood systems and gap dynamics to encourage natural regeneration and uneven-aged stands. Economically, CTN requires less management and yields higher quality timber. Socially, CTN provides benefits for urban and recreation forests by maintaining more natural forest structures. In conclusion, CTN has developed from addressing environmental crises and adapting silviculture to natural forest conditions and disturbance patterns.
Close-to-Nature continuous cover forestry Dr Jurij Diaci, Slovenia
- 1. Close-to-Nature Forestry: linking ecological, economical and social values by Jurij Diaci Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Department for Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources
- 3. Jurij Diaci Close-to-nature forestry: linking ecological, economical and social values University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Department for Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources Slovenia 1. Origins of close-to-nature forestry (CTN) 2. Natural processes and CTN 3. How does CTN silviculture operate? 4. Economic aspects of CTN 5. Social aspects of CTN 6. Conclusions
- 4. Landslides and erosion in Japan and intensive reforestations 1. Origins of close-to-nature silviculture
- 5. Degraded landscapes across the Alps with erosion etc.
- 6. Afforestation on Karst (Slovenia) in 1895
- 7. Joseph Ressel: started afforestation s on Karst, also inventor of ships propeller
- 8. - huge natural interconnected forest - high species diversity due to glacial refugia - many umbrella species (e.g. bear, lynx, wolf, peregrine falcon) - many old-growth forests
- 9. Selection mixed silver fir beech forests on Zlatibor (Srbija) Selection forests as a tradition within whole Dinaric Mountains
- 10. F. de Liocourt : De l’amenagement des sapinières. Bulletin trimestriel, Société forestière de Franche-Comté et Belfort, juillet 1898, pp. 396 – 409. Henry Biolley (1858 -1939) Adolphe Gurnaud (1825 -1896) Source: J-Ph. Schütz ?
- 11. Source: GG Sl. Gradec
- 12. until WW II. the silvicultural systems in Slovenia were: clear-cut system in the Alps selection system the Dinaric region and in some private forest (silver fir) large scale uniform shelterwood for beech coppicing in 1948 clear-cut system was prohibited and selection system was introduced to all forests -> partially unsatisfactory results, especially with beech in 50’ irregular shelterwood was introduced (CH) in 60’ “free style” silvicultural system ( P rof. Mlinšek) Slovenia – Development of forestry
- 13. Geographical position of forest reserves ( ) and old-growth forest ( * ) in Slovenia (Mlinšek et al. 1980) 2. Natural processes and CTN silviculture
- 14. Right: primeval forest Ravna gora (SI) in 2001: wind throw gap from 1983 Left: s mall-scale gap disturbance in primeval forest Rajhenav (SI) in 1998
- 15. M ajor disturbance pattern is endogenous small scale disturbance (< 1000 m2) with sporadic windthrow . Light remains sparse!!! 2. Natural processes and CTN silviculture Old-growth Trdinov vrh (SI) - 1999
- 16. E vidence of large scale wind disturbance records in old forest chronicles last decades : Vivian, Wiebke in 1990 (120 m. m3) Lothar in 1999 (180 m. m3) Slovakia 2004 - 60 x 10 km (2.5 m. m3) only partly ecosystem specific 2. Natural processes and CTN silviculture
- 17. Clear-cut management in Oregon (USA) : erosion & site degradation, water management, wildlife, social functions
- 18. C lear-cut forest in the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. If you were driving, you’d probably not notice the clearing at all! And that, my friend, is the pictorial definition of a façade. Landscape “make-up”
- 20. evenaged forest State owned selection forests in the Dinaric region 3. How does CTN silviculture operate? selection forest
- 21. The regeneration is introduced under slightly opened canopies Irregular shelterwood system
- 22. The regeneration is introduced under slightly opened canopies Formation and gradual extension of gaps Irregular shelterwood system
- 23. 1960' - development of "free style" silvicultural system by 1968 - the trilogy of Slovenian nature-based silvicultural systems was completed and published
- 24. S c hematic presentation of the “ free style ” silvicultural system: (A) gradual conversion of spruce plantation to mixed uneven-aged forest, (B) transformation of large-scale regeneration to uneven-sized forest , (C) conversion of coppices (with standards) to regular forest INITIAL CONDITION AFTER 30 YEARS AFTER 60 YEARS
- 25. Successful transformation of spruce plantation in Pohorje
- 26. “ Free style” system in silver fir – beech forests
- 27. Dauerwald – CC forest on a steep slope in Swiss Jura. Regular felling every 10 years. Non-managed stand for the last 50 years, than heavier felling in 1999.
- 28. Sycamore maple of excellent quality in a CC forest. Tree as a goal and means of production. Felling age is defined individually. Norway spruce of excellent quality in CC forest Lenzburg, CH.
- 29. Jurij Diaci Close-to-nature forestry: linking ecological, economical and social values University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Department for Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources Slovenia 1. Origins of close-to-nature forestry (CTN) 2. Natural processes and CTN 3. How does CTN silviculture operate? 4. Economic aspects of CTN 5. Social aspects of CTN 6. Conclusions
- 30. CTN forestry as slow food forestry or organic forestry (higher price?) certification (FSC) ProSilva – CTN is economically very efficient! if you make calculations: compare whole production cycle and more don’t use interest rates (if you use them you have to start from primeval forest) 4. Economic aspects of CTN
- 31. 1) indirect influences on management success - take into account some ecological issues (sustained site productivity; lower risks; future tax reductions for low ecological footprint and ecosystem services) 4. Economic aspects of CTN
- 32. 1) indirect influences on management success - take into account some ecological issues (sustained site productivity; lower risks; future tax reductions for low ecological footprint and ecosystem services) 2) direct influences on management success - less thinning and planting (use natural forces, tending by continuous cover , eg. quality of beech , thinner branches , natural regeneration ) - mixture (grow valuable trees) auction; not every large diameter tree is valuable; but all high priced trees were large diameter trees; harvest them individually - quality (apply thinning and pruning) 4. Economic aspects of CTN
- 33. education is done mostly by retaining appropriate canopy cover (indirect tending) harvesting of adult trees is the most important instrument of forest tending
- 35. natural regeneration: knowledge on regeneration and gap ecology => mixture, quality and quantity of regeneration
- 36. CTN silviculture is about being lazy in a clever way
- 37. 1) indirect influences on management success - take into account some ecological issues (sustained site productivity; lower risks; future tax reductions for low ecological footprint and ecosystem services) 2) direct influences on management success - less thinning and planting (use natural forces, tending by continuous cover , eg. quality of beech , thinner branches , natural regeneration ) - mixture (grow valuable trees) auction; not every large diameter tree is valuable; but all high priced trees were large diameter trees; harvest them individually - quality (apply thinning and pruning) 4. Economic aspects of CTN
- 39. Wood grows on wood; price 1805 EUR; Hessen (D).
- 40. 1) indirect influences on management success - take into account some ecological issues (sustained site productivity; lower risks; future tax reductions for low ecological footprint and ecosystem services) 2) direct influences on management success - less thinning and planting (use natural forces, tending by continuous cover , eg. quality of beech , thinner branches , natural regeneration ) - mixture (grow valuable trees) auction; not every large diameter tree is valuable; but all high priced trees were large diameter trees; harvest them individually - quality (apply thinning and pruning) FACIT: more profitable in CE conditions (less tending and risks, individuality) 4. Economic aspects of CTN
- 41. LEGEND: crop tree competitor source: WSL
- 43. 1) indirect influences on management success 2) direct influences on management success FACIT: more profitable in CE conditions (l ower costs, risks, individuality) – prof. Knoke 4. Economic aspects of CTN
- 45. Alternatives for urban and recreational forests: - non-intervention - conventional management - adapted CTN 5. Social aspects of CTN
- 46. Ljubljana urban forests in Mostec (results of non-interevntion)
- 47. Czech national park Šumava
- 48. natural regeneration of pedunculate oak in large scale shelterwood small clear cut in Norway spruce plantation Conventional forest management
- 49. CTN silviculture as option near large urban areas in state or municipality owned urban forests
- 51. origins of CTN: environmental crisis & existing CC practices adapt CTN practices to natural conditions (disturbance) CTN has small ecological footprint economic aspects: more profitable (less tending and risks, individuality) + social effects myth > new age movement or neo nature protection> alternative > necessity = CTN 6. Conclusions
Editor's Notes
- #9: Splošno o balkanu in jelovo bukovih gozdovih