Chalukyan architecture
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The Chalukyan dynasty ruled northern Karnataka during the 6th century and made significant contributions to temple architecture, known as Chalukyan architecture. This style blended elements of Dravidian and Nagara architecture. Chalukyan temples were constructed between 450-650 AD at sites like Aihole, Badami, Pattadakal, and Mahakuta. Notable temples include the cave temples of Badami featuring carvings of Hindu gods, and the Virupaksha Temple at Pattadakal which represents both northern and southern architectural styles. Chalukyan architecture had a lasting influence on temple building in the region.
Chalukyan architecture
- 1. Chalukyan Architecture Submitted by : Mansur Ali Shrutika.M Nazeef Qureshi Manna Kas`hif Girish Kher
- 2. INTRODUCTION • The rule of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone in the history of South India. • It is also called as a golden age in the history of Karnataka. • Though they ruled a vast empire, the Chalukyan workshops concentrated most of their temple building activity in a relatively small area within the Chalukyan heartland. • The Chalukyas were greatly interested in temple architecture.
- 3. HISTORY •The Chalukyan Dynasty was a dominant power in northern karnataka during the 6th century. •This dynasty is attributed with having introduced its own style of temple architecture called Chalukyan Architecture. •This architecture blends the finer aspects of the Dravidian and Nagara temple architecture. •Hence it is also referred as Vesara architecture. • ‘Vesara’ is a sanskrit word meaning ‘mule’, which is a hybrid animal.
- 4. CHALUKYAN TEMPLES • Chalukyan temples can be classified into rock- cut halls and structural temples. • Some exquisite sculpted monuments have been excavated at Aihole, Badami, Pattadakal and Mahakuta. • Aihole, often termed as the ‘cradle of Indian architecture’. • Badami architecture style is called as the Vesara style and Chalukya style. • The Chalukya style mainly originated in Aihole and badami and was perfected in Pattadakal and Mahakuta.
- 5. CHALUKYAN TEMPLES • The Chalukyas constructed several stone-built shrines and temples at Aihole, which are mostly Hindu but a few are Jain. • They were constructed during c.450 AD to c.650 AD. • The temples had flat or slightly sloping roofs and were surmounted by a small shikhara. • A pillared assembly hall or mandapa was added to these structures, indicating a further evolution of temple architecture.
- 6. AIHOLE • Aihole is a small village on the banks of the Malaprabha river. • It was the cradle of ancient Hindu temple architecture. • It has more than 70 temples with different styles was undertaken by the artisans. • The artisans worked on the rocks to create the earliest rock cut shrines and graduated to the full fledged Chalukya style of architecture. • These styles are adopting by many other artisans and architect.
- 7. TEMPLES IN AIHOLE • Ravana Phadi is one of the oldest rock-cut temples in Aihole. . The sculptures in ravana are superb especially the dancing Siva, and the sivalinga room • Another, one of the earliest temple in Aihole is Huchchimalligudi temple. • The most impressive temple here is the Durga temple.
- 8. BADAMI CHALUKYAS • The Badami Chalukya architecture was a temple building idiom that evolved 5th to 8th century AD. • The Badami Chalukyas contribution to temple building matched their valor and their achievements in battle.
- 9. BADAMI CAVE TEMPLES • Badami temples style includes 2 types of monuments they are the rock cut halls and Structural temples. • And have basically 3 features : pillared veranda, columned hall and a sanctum cut out deep into rock. • The outside verandas of the cave temples are rather plain, but the inner hall contains rich sculptural symbolism.
- 10. • Cave 1 (Shiva) • Cave 2 (Vishnu as Trivikrama or Vamana, Varaha and Krishna) • Cave 3 (Vishnu as Narasimha, Varaha, Harihara and Trivikrama.) • Cave 4 (Jain Tirthankara Parsvanatha) • Bhutanatha group temples (Badami and Kalyani Chalukya) • Mallikarjuna group temples (Kalyani Chalukya) • Yellamma group temples (Kalyani Chalukya)
- 12. ABOUT VIRUPAKSHA TEMPLE • Virupaksha temple is located in Hampi 350 km from banglore, located in the state of Karnataka. • The Virupaksna temple at Pattadakal is the earliest temple complex of the Chalukyas. • The temple represent both the Northern and Southern style of architecture. • The temple is dedicated to Lord shiva, known here as Virupaksha.
- 13. INTERIORS • The main square structure has a tall four- storeyed vimana. • The mandap pillars are richly sculptured. • It consists of a high vimana, mandaps and smaller shrines around the courtyard enclosed by a wall. • The front and rear walls have large gopura entrances.
- 14. • It has a brick superstructure and a two-tiered stone base. • It gives access to the outdoor court containing many sub-shrines. • The smaller shrines are two-storeyed and have vaulted halls.
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