chapter 06.pptx in business environment and its essenetialityt

Technological Environment
Chapter six

Technology: Technology as a “ Systematic application of
scientific or other organised knowledge to practical tasks”.
( J.K. Galbraith).
Technology is providing dramatic change to our current world.
Technology

Change: The first feature of technology is the change and
then more change. I, e Google book e-book reader.
Technology forces on people whether they are prepared for it
or not.
Features of Technology

• Widespread effect: The effect of technology is worldwide. It also
reaches to most isolated places cannot escape it. For example, GP at
St. Martin’s island, microwave communication from satellites.

Features of technology cont…

Self reinforce: Technology is self reinforcing. Alvin Toffler
said “ Technology feeds on itself” and “ future shock”.
Technology makes more technology possible. For example
Mobile phone has been replace to the land phone.
Wheel, electricity and wireless communication technology has
developed the world so far.

Job creation: It is apparent that technological innovation
shrinks jobs. But it also renders new jobs through industrial
development.

Technology is challenging: Technology has both positive
and negative effect in the globe. Technological innovation is
featured in both creation and destruction. For example
dynamite, blackmailing.

There are some impacts of technology that we see in our
everyday lives through social change, economic change and
organisation’s structural change.
• Technology reaches people through business: Technology
works with discoveries and business converts that discoveries
into goods and services. I,e optical fibre, silicon chip.
Impact of technology

• High expectations of consumers: Technology enhances
customer’s expectation of new varieties of products, superior
in quality more safe and more comfortable. Research and
Development (R&D) helps to meet new expectations.
Impacts of technology cont…

• System complexity: Technology has resulted in complexity.
Modern machines work better and faster but when it fails
creates complexity. It requires experts to repair. The experts
may not be always available. For example only failure of
power supply will cause the postpone of other activities.

• Social change: The role of technology on social change may
be observed in more than one way:
First one is change is In social life. For example Refrigerator,
mobile phone. One invention can destroy economic basis of a
city, displace thousands of workers.

Secondly, technology directly changes the patterns of social
life. An invention may open new employment opportunities
to women. Technological development may basically change
the stratification system of a community. For example call
centre service.

Thirdly, though the social differences tend to be ironed out,
status differences are likely to be created by technological
advancement. For example Nokia1600, iphone4, Toyota
corolla, Porsche car.

Finally, The way we cook, communicate, use media and work
are affected by technology. Even the language we use, social
changes are also reflected in our vocabularies, such as
telecommunicating, house-husband, surrogate mother and
domestic partner all represent change in society.

• Increased of productivity: The most fundamental effect of
technology is greater productivity in terms of quality and
quantity. For example productivity has increased in labour
force with the help of technology.
Impact technology cont…

• Need to spend on R&D: Research and Development is very
much significant to improve product and services.
Technology has made it now more easy and effective than
previous time. For example SPSS software to conduct
research and development.
Impact technology cont…

• Total quality management(TQM): Total quality
management is an integrative philosophy of management for
continuous improving the quality of products and process.
TQM is ensured by meeting expectations of all the
stakeholders groups. Total quality management refers to deep
commitment of an organisation to quality.
Impact of technology cont…

There are some traditional beliefs regarding TQM which has
been discarded (reject):
High quality costs more
Quality can be improved by inspection
Defects cannot be eliminated completely

The new principles regarding total Quality Management
(TQM):
Meet the customer’s requirements on time, the first time and
100% of the time
Strive to do error-free work
Manage by prevention not by correction
Measure the cost of quality
Be committed and perform accordingly

• Business process reengineering (BPRE): Business process
reengineering is the analysis and design of workflows and
process within an organisation. It involves with how things
would be done. I,e CAD & CAM, robot.

• Flexible Manufacturing systems (FMS): Flexible
manufacturing systems is another by-product of technology.
Gone are the days of one machine producing multiple units
of one components. It can now make dozens or even
hundreds of different parts.

Technology is:
High risk
Costly and
 uncertain activity
So, we need to maintain it efficiently and effectively
New product can be easily duplicated or closely imitated. It is
bad for original innovator. As a result the motivation for the
further innovation declines.
Management of technology

Importing technology is problem. Because the spare parts
are not available locally.
Some developing countries are not willing to lend the
technology because they think that they are rivals
(competitors).
Technology causes Pollution. Smoke, smell, noise and
effluents (wastes) and dust are generated by industrial
establishments.
Management of technology

Thus the end of this chapter
Thanks for your cooperation
Impact of technology

chapter 06.pptx in business environment and its essenetialityt

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