Chapter 08
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Art is fundamental to children's development across physical, cognitive, social, emotional and language domains. Children progress through developmental stages in art from infancy through age 8. Teachers should focus on the process of creating art rather than the product, by providing space, materials and time for exploration without judgment. An art environment should be safe, encourage creativity and experimentation, and support all aspects of children's development.
Chapter 08
- 1. Chapter 8Art
- 2. OverviewArt is fundamental, visual, and developmentalContributions to the developmental domainsPhysicalCognitiveSocial and emotionalLanguagePerceptual
- 3. Children’s Developmental Stages in ArtInfants and toddlersSensory experienceConsider safety and appropriateness of materialsChildren use entire bodies to interact with materialsEnjoyment comes from explorationTransitions into and out of art activities are importantFlexibility is needed both inside and outsideScribbling begins earlyDo not expect finished art products
- 4. Children’s Developmental Stages in ArtPreschoolers and kindergartnersKellogg’s “20 Basic Scribbles”Placement stageShape and design stagePictorial stage Child creates in order to make sense of his or her worldMay tear up work while involved in the processChildren enjoy using their imaginationsContinued exploration and manipulationConsider safety and appropriateness of materials
- 5. Children’s Developmental Stages in Art (continued)Five- to eight-year-oldsMore serious and focusedRealistic color and proportion emergeCareful planning is part of the processOpinion of adult becomes importantChild thinks art must be recognizable in both content and subjectIndividual, creative, and cultural differences emerge
- 6. Teacher as Facilitator and ObserverDo not focus on the outcome or product—focus on the processFacilitate and observeProvide space, materials, and timeDo not evaluate, judge, etc., art work or try to elicit responsesUse ART TALKAlways try materials and activities first before introducing them to the childrenModel appropriate use of materials and implements
- 7. Creating an Environment for Creative Expression and ExperimentationChildren learn by active manipulation of objects and interactions with peopleWorkbooks, coloring books, dittos, patterns, and teacher-made models are not appropriate
- 8. General Guidelines in the Art CenterThe art center should be free choiceArt should not be done in large groupsThe art center needs Space, materials, timeTo be safe and an easy cleanupBalance art activitiesFamiliar with newMessy with cleanIndoor and outdoorLarge and small muscle
- 9. Guidance Guidelines in Art CenterPlanningGoals and objectivesRulesGuide children toward responsibilityLimitsMessy is okayTypes of materialsDependent on development and ages of children
- 10. Use of Food in Art ProjectsConsiderationsExpenseCultural sensitivitySelf-regulation skills of toddlersFood products such as flour, cornstarch, salt, and food coloring are acceptableAlternative choices
- 11. Outdoor EnvironmentExpanded spaceFreedom to moveFreedom to messWider choices of media
- 12. Aesthetic EnvironmentBeing artistic does not just mean making art, it also means developing a sense of aestheticsHowRecognize beauty, inside and outPay attention to and use details of color, shape, patterns, and textureUse books with all types of illustrationsDisplay fine artHave a children’s museum with a curatorUse light in interesting ways
- 13. Involving Children in All Forms of Art
- 14. How Art Activities Can Support DevelopmentTearing, cutting, and gluingHelp small muscle developmentProvide tactile experiencesPaintingEncourages language developmentHelps with judgment of spatial relationshipsDevelops form perceptionAllows for the coordinated use of many musclesProvides opportunities for manipulation and experimentation
- 15. How Art Activities Can Support Development(continued)Crayons, markers, and chalkProvide excellent prewriting experiencesThree-dimensional materialsEncourage explorationHelp children release emotional tensions and frustrations
- 16. Art across the CurriculumConnect art to everything you doEncourage the use of art vocabularyCombine art and math on a regular basisUse art to explore scientific principlesArt is multimodal and multisensory learning
- 17. Sharing Art with FamiliesHelp families understand why art is importantExplain stages of art developmentEncourage art to happen in the home environmentSuggest materials, spaces, and togetherness
- 18. Art and Special Needs ChildrenArt is open-ended, so it can accommodate the needs of all childrenAdaptationsArt centerMaterialsImplements
- 19. Tips for Displaying Children’s ArtDisplay art in the classroomDisplay art at the children’s eye-levelChange the art displays frequentlyCreate a children’s museum displayDisplay all creations, not just the bestUse different methods to display art work
- 20. TechnologyArt can be enhanced by the use ofOverhead projectorsCamerasPhotocopiersVideotapesComputer technology
- 21. Developmentally Appropriate and Multicultural/Anti-Bias ActivitiesSelf-awareness and self-expression activitiesSharing other culturesSuggested activities
- 22. Observation, Assessment, and EvaluationUse art portfoliosEstablish a routine for selectionTeacher can choose items to be includedMake notes to accompany the workChildren can chooseTake photos of work too large or fragile to be included