CHAPTER 1 - NANOTECHNOLOGY (Final).pdf.com
- 1. Learning Objectives: 1.Define nanotechnology. 2. Describe the various uses of nanotechnology. 3. Discuss the concerns on the use of nanotechnology.
- 2. What is Nanotechnology? Nanotechnology is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering. It would take eight hundred 100 nanometer particles side by side to match the width of a human hair. https://www.nano.gov/nanotech-101/what/definition
- 3. Richard Feynman - American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) on December 29, 1959; started the ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology with a talk entitled “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” Norio Taniguchi – In his explorations of ultraprecision machining, coined the term nanotechnology. It wasn't until 1981, with the development of the scanning tunneling microscope that could "see" individual atoms, that modern nanotechnology began.
- 5. What Can Nanotechnology Do? Materials' characteristics, such as their colour, strength, conductivity and reactivity, can differ substantially between the nanoscale and the macro. Carbon 'nanotubes' are 100 times stronger than steel but six times lighter. Having the potential to increase the efficiency of energy consumption, help clean the environment, and solve major health problems.
- 6. What Can Nanotechnology Do? Massively increase manufacturing production at significantly reduced costs. Products of nanotechnology will be smaller, cheaper, lighter yet more functional and require less energy and fewer raw materials to manufacture, claim nanotech advocates.
- 7. Benefits and Concerns Examples of Areas Affected by Nanotechnology Possible Benefits Concerns Environment • Improved detection and removal of contamination •Development of benign industrial processes and materials • High reactivity and toxicity • Pervasive distribution in the environment • No nano-specific EPA regulations Health • Improved medicine • Ability to cross cell membranes and translocate in the body •No FDA approval needed for cosmetics and supplements Economy • Better products • New jobs • Redistribution of wealth • Potential cost of cleanups and healthcare • Accessibility to all income levels
- 8. Risk Assessment and Concerns Raised About Nanotechnology The toxicity of bulk material, such as solid silver, does not help predict the toxicity of nanoparticles of that same material. Nanoparticles have the potential to remain and accumulate in the environment. They could accumulate in the food chain. They could have unforeseen impacts on human health. The public has not been sufficiently involved in debates on the applications, uses, and regulation of nanotechnology.
- 9. Risk Assessment and Concerns Raised About Nanotechnology 'Grey goo': Tiny robots generated with nanotechnology could acquire the ability to self- replicate. If the rich countries are the main drivers of the development of nanotechnology, applications which benefit developing nations will be side-lined. Unless rapid action is taken, research into nanotechnology could progress faster than systems can be put in place to regulate its applications and their uses.
- 10. Activity Creative Work (by Group) Illustrate or design a product or output that is made up of nanomaterials you want to create. Explain the raw materials that make up your product, the steps involves for developing your product, and the specific use of the final product. What is the significance of your output for the society?