Chapter 10: Self Study Training on Objectives
- 1. Train the Trainer Chap 10- TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES self study www.mmcafrica.com 1 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 2. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES • At this stage we should have collected a considerable amount of information about the target group and their training needs. • Now we can look at the development of objectives and detailed session content. 2 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 3. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES Target Group Training Need Objectives Session Content 3 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 4. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES • We now need to use this information to guide 4 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining the process of selecting what we will include in the Training Programme. • Planning training is like planning for a journey. • The first thing you need is a destination. • With a destination: a. You can choose a route b. You can decide the best method of transport (car, ship, air etc) c. You can plan detail like timing and what preparation you need to make However, if you have no destination, any route, transport and preparation will do.
- 5. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •In training, we can compare a destination with what we want our trainees to achieve at the end of the training input. • We call this our objective. • A training session without an objective is the same as a journey without a destination and any content and approach will do. • As we have seen above we must define our objectives before we can select the content. • This is done by referring to the TNA Sheets for statements of what we want our trainees to achieve. 5 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 6. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES What are objectives? •Objectives are statements of what the trainees should be able to do as a result of the training they receive. EXAMPLE of an objective The trainee will describe the steps in calibrating monitoring and measurement equipment and demonstrate the calibration process 6 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 7. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •When you are constructing objectives you should concentrate on finding the verb which best describes what you want your trainees to be able to do after training. •We usually describe activity by usingAction Verbs •Some examples of suitable action verbs are: 7 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining • Identify, explain, define, assess, list, name, compare, measure, calculate, select, demonstrate, use, adjust, diagnose, evaluate, apply.
- 8. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES • Some more examples of objectives 1.The trainee will identify and name the main parts of a chill blaster. 2.The trainee will explain how the main parts of the chill blaster operate. 3.The trainee will identify and describe the main symptoms of the most common hazards in tomatoes preparation . 4.The trainee will sort samples of diseased tomatoes into specific common hazards types. 8 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 9. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •Writing objectives •Remember that you are trying to design objectives that reflect the training needs you have identified in the Training NeedsAnalysis process. •Some key points when designing objectives. •The objectives must be a statement of an activity that you can observe and assess if it is being done to the standard required. •Don’t use verbs such as “understand” “appreciate” or “know” as they tend to take place in the trainees head and are difficult to observe and verify. 9 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 10. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •Objectives must be realistic in terms of what we can expect a trainee to do at that stage of training and what we are able to observe and evaluate. •Also remember that knowledge, skills and attitudes are often applied together when people are carrying out their work. •In training we separate them because it helps us to make sure we are aware of what we are trying to help the trainees to do or achieve. 10 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 11. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •Example •Use the simple table layout below to help you to select and describe the knowledge (K), skills (S) and attitudes (A) that the trainee must have to achieve the objective below. •Objective The trainee will describe the steps in calibrating the chill blaster and carry out the volume rate calibration process effectively and safely. 11 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 12. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES Action verb from Objective (what the trainee will do) Content (what you need to teach) Explain the steps in volume rate calibrating The main parts of the sprayer Purpose of calibration Steps in the process and key points Nozzle selection Fill sprayer with water to mark Mark out 100m2 Spray area with water Measure water used and multiply by 100 to give Volume rate Calculate tank dose and add to tank water Accuracy and care in calculations Attention to safety needs Demonstrate the calibration process and achieve the correct dosage rate and operate safely Demonstration of the tasks in each of the practical steps in the process and emphasizing the key points in each step and safety rules. How to make the correct calculations. Achieving correct application rate. Individual practice by all trainees 12 Observing safety procedures. 4/22/2021
- 13. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •If we look at this example we can see that learning is progressive. •We start with the simple aspects like the parts of the sprayer and the principles of calibration. •We then build on this by identifying the main steps in calibration and explaining what we do in each step. •When we move to the second part, which is how we calibrate, we are linking the practical steps with the knowledge by demonstrating them and getting the trainees to practice them. 13 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 14. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES Remember to structure the training content so that you go from: The simple to the complex The easy to the difficult The known to the unknown Each learning cycle should be planned to take the learner to a higher level of knowledge, skill and positive attitude. Just like progressing up a spiral stairway. (check in the hard copy notes) 14 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 15. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES • A final point in selecting the content of your training • Most trainers try to include more that they should for the time available so it is a good idea to set targets. 1.Decide what you must achieve 2.Then decide what you should achieve 3 Lastly consider what you could achieve if there is enough time 15 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 16. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •Try to keep a good balance between the needs of Knowledge, Skills andAttitudes. •Too much lecturing and talking will mean that the trainees will not be given enough time to watch demonstrations and practice new skills. •Leaving no time for discussion will mean that trainees do not have the opportunity to discuss misunderstandings or develop positive attitude to new methods and ideas through reflection and discussion. •Failure to provide enough information will lead to misunderstandings. 16 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 17. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •Some key points to remember: 17 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining •Your own attitude and approaches to work can have a big impact on your trainees. If you are enthusiastic, motivated, interested and professional in your approach then your trainees are also likely to learn these from you •To define the content of a session you must always start by stating what you want you trainees to do as a result of your training. This statement is called an objective •The objective indicates the content (knowledge, skills and attitudes) of the session. The objective also directs the trainer to what training methods could be used
- 18. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •Building Objectives Category Capability and associated 18 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining action verbs 1.Knowledge Ability to recall or recognize items of information, ideas etc. Define underline state Recall identify write select name list label Reproduce measure
- 19. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES 2.Comprehension Ability to show understanding of ideas, e.g. by expressing ideas in own words or transposing into alternate forms: 19 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining Identify explain justify Judge illustrate select Contrast indicate formulate represent name classify
- 20. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES 3.Application Ability to apply knowledge in 20 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining order to meet the demands of situations or problems which are new to the learner. Predict choose construct select Find Use compute explain assess perform show demonstrate
- 21. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES 4.Analysis Ability to deal with situations 21 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining or problems which demand more than the straightforward application of ideas, i.e. situations where elements have to be analyzed and reconstructed before relevant ideas can be applied. Analyse select justify Separate resolve conclude Compare criticize contrast identify break down differentiate
- 22. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES 5.Synthesis Ability to put ideas together in 22 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining new ways that reach beyond what has been specifically taught. Combine argue Discuss relate Precise derive select summarise conclude restate organize generalise
- 23. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES 6.Evaluation Ability to judge the quality or 23 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining value of material by reference to appropriate criteria. support identify avoid determine recognize choose Judge evaluate Defend attack Select criticize
- 24. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES IN PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN 1. Imitate Objectives skill and tries to repeat 24 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining Repeats duplicates copies Replicates reproduce imitates recreate re- do Mimic emulate
- 25. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES 2.Manipulation Follows instructions to 25 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining perform skill Act Handle follow Control manipulate use
- 26. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES 3.Precision Accurate exact correct Sure proper 26 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining Reproduce a skill with accuracy precise unerring perfect
- 27. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES 4.Articulation Consistent balances Flows 27 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining Combines different skills smoothly harmony combines continuing seamless
- 28. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES 5.Naturalization Effortless and automatic 28 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining combination of skills Routine invariable constant automatic Unwavering consistent innate instinctive Spontaneous smooth
- 29. 4/22/2021 TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES 1. 2. 3. 29 Exercise Write three Objectives for a technical subject that you are familiar with and underline the Action Verb in each one.
- 30. 30 TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES Benefits of using objectives in training MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining 4/22/2021 Trainers are encouraged to make sure that the training content is relevant to the needs of the trainees. They encourage trainers to make the intentions of the training clear to the trainees. They make the learning outcome clear and provide a sound basis for evaluating learning. They improve the communication of the content of training programme to trainees, other trainers and employers. They set targets for the trainees. They provide a basis for setting levels and standards of performance.
- 31. 31 TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES Translating objectives into content •The content of training sessions can be divided into three parts; •Knowledge: Facts, names, rules, procedures, structures, analyses, solve etc MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining 4/22/2021 •Skills : •Attitudes: well, relations with Ability to do things – select repair, diagnose, identify. positive attitude mean trainees; -Pay attention to detail, -Demonstrate a desire to do the job -Pay attention to safety, -Develop and maintain good colleagues etc.
- 32. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •When planning the content of training, the trainer must select the knowledge, skills and positive attitude required to achieve the objective (s) of the session. •Also remember that knowledge, skills and attitudes are often applied together when people are carrying out their work. •In training we separate them because it helps us to make sure we are aware of what we are trying to help the trainee to do or achieve. 32 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 33. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •Example •Using the simple table layout below to help you select and describe the knowledge (K), skills (S) and attitudes (A) that the trainee must have to achieve the objective below. •Objective •The trainee will describe the steps in washing a production floor and carry out the washing process effectively and safely. 33 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 34. 4/22/2021 TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES Action verb from objective (what the trainee will do) Content (what you need to teach) Describe the steps in washing The main parts of the production floor Purpose of washing Steps in the process and key points Choice of washing agents Their advantages and disadvantages Frequency of washing After washing procedures Attention to safety needs Carry out the washing process effectively and safely Demonstration of the tasks in each of the practical steps in the process and emphasizing the key points in each step and safety rules How to mix the correct washing agent Ensuring coverage and drainage Putting equipment away Individual practice by all trainees Observing safety procedures 34
- 35. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •If we look at this example we can see that learning is progressive.We start with the simple aspects like surveying the features of the floor to be cleaned, and the principles of washing. •We then build on this by identifying the main steps in washing and explaining what we do in each step. 35 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 36. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •When we move to the second part, which is how to mix the agent, how we achieve effective coverage and removal of agent and surplus water, we are linking the practical steps with the knowledge by demonstrating them and getting the trainees to practice them. Remember to structure the training content so that you go from: •The simple to the complex •The easy to the difficult •The known to the unknown 36 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 37. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •Each learning cycle should be planned to take the learner to a higher level of knowledge, skills and positive attitude. Just like progressing up a spiral stairway. •A final point in selecting the content of your training •Most trainers try to include more that they should for the time available so it is a good idea to set targets. •Decide what you must achieve •Then decide what you should achieve •Lastly consider what you could achieve if there is enough time 37 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 38. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES •Try to keep a good balance between the needs of Knowledge, Skills andAttitudes. •Too much lecturing and talking will mean that the trainees will not be given enough time to watch demonstrations and practice new skills. •Leaving no time for discussion will mean that trainees do not have the opportunity to discuss misunderstandings or develop positive attitude to new methods and ideas through reflection and discussion. •Failure to provide enough information will lead to misunderstanding. 38 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining
- 39. TRAINING ON OBJECTIVES • Some key points to remember • Your own attitude and approaches to work can have a big impact on your trainees. If you are enthusiastic, motivated, interested and professional in your approach then your trainees are also likely to learn these from you • To define the content of a session you must always start by stating what you want you trainees to do as a result of your training. This statement is called an objective 39 4/22/2021 MMCL/INTAS TOTTraining