Chapter 12 types of organizational arrangements
- 1. Chapter 12 Types of Organizational Arrangements Professor Tonya Seavers Evans
- 2. Organizational Arrangements You must decide on a type of organizational arrangement or combination of arrangements for your speech. Choose one that your audience will easily understand and is best designed for your speeches purpose.
- 3. Types of Organizational Arrangements Topical Chronological Spatial Cause (cause & effect) Problem-Solution Narrative Circular Monroe’s Motivated Sequence Comparative Advantage
- 4. Topical When each of the main points is a subtopic or category of the speech topic. Ascending or descending order of importance Lead with your strongest evidence or leave your most compelling evidence to the end Arrange by the audience’s most immediate needs or interest
- 5. Chronological Also called the temporal pattern Follows the natural sequential order of the main points Used for topics that describe a sequence of events Used for topics that describe a series of sequential steps
- 6. Spatial Pattern Speeches purpose is to describe or explain the physical arrangement of a place, a scene, or an object Main points are arranged in order of their physical proximity or direction relative to one another Example: Tour of a particular place
- 7. Causal (Cause-Effect) Pattern Described as providing a cause and effect relationship Goal is to communicate something known to be a “cause” to its “effects” There could be multiple causes for a single effect (reasons for college drop out rates) There could be a single cause with multiple effects (reasons students drop out of college)
- 8. Problem-Solution Pattern Organizes main points both to demonstrate the nature and significance of a problem Provides justification for a proposed solution This arrangement usually always requires more than two points to adequately explain the problem and provide viable solutions
- 9. Narrative Pattern The speech begins with a story or a series of short stories Includes plot, setting, character, vivid imagery This arrangement usually includes other organizational arrangements (Ex. Teen pregnancy) Story telling must be backed up by clear thesis, a preview, well-organized main points and effective transitions
- 10. Circular Pattern Develops one idea, which leads to another, which leads to a third, etc. Useful to help your listener understand your line of reasoning, particularly in a persuasive speech Step one, results in step two, which results in step three and which leads back to your thesis
- 11. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence A five step process that begins with arousing the listeners’ attention and ends with calling for action. Very effective when you want the audience to do something Step 1 Attention: Grab their attention by addressing core concerns (ex. Organ donations) Step 2 Need: Clearly establish the need and describes the issues that need to be addressed Step 3 Satisfaction: Offers the audience members a proposal to reinforce or change their attitudes, beliefs or values Step 4 Visualization: Provide the audience with a vision of anticipated outcomes associated with the solution Step 5 Action: Making a direct request of the audience. Call them to action.
- 12. Comparative Advantage Demonstrate how your viewpoint or proposal is superior to one or more alternative viewpoints or proposals In general your audience recognizes the problem and understand that something needs to done Favorably compare your solution to others Assumes the audience is open to other solutions
- 13. Bibliography O’ Hair, Dan, Stewart, Rob, Rubenstein, Hannah, A Speaker’s Guidebook , Bedford St. Martin (2009) Hair, Dan, Stewart,