Chapter 13 presentation by azar
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This document provides instruction on various English grammar concepts involving gerunds and infinitives including: verb + gerund, go + -ing, verb + infinitive, verb + gerund or infinitive, preposition + gerund, using by and with to express how something is done, gerunds as subjects and it + infinitive, it + infinitive using for someone, expressing purpose with in order to and for, and using infinitives with too and enough. Each concept is explained through examples and exercises are provided for practice. The document appears to be from an English grammar textbook or online course.
Chapter 13 presentation by azar
- 1. 1 13-1 Verb + gerund 13-2 Go + -ing 13-3 Verb + infinitive 13-4 Verb + gerund or infinitive 13-5 Preposition + gerund 13-6 Using by and with to express how something is done 13-7 Using gerunds as subjects; using it + infinitive 13-8 It + infinitive: using for (someone) 13-9 Expressing purpose with in order to and for 13-10 Using infinitives with too and enough CONTENTS
- 2. 2 13-1 VERB + GERUND She keeps worrying about her husband.
- 3. 3 13-1 VERB + GERUND (a) I like be with you. verb gerund • -ing form of a verb • used as a noun • object of the verb ing gerund
- 4. 4 13-1 VERB + GERUND (b) They enjoy eating pizza. (c) They have finished working on a big project. (d) My sister never stops talking on the phone.
- 5. 5 13-1 VERB + GERUND (e) I wish they would quit arguing.
- 6. 6 13-1 VERB + GERUND (f) Would you mind taking my picture?
- 7. 7 13-1 VERB + GERUND (g) I usually postpone doing my taxes until the last minute. (h) Many people put off doing their taxes until the last minute.
- 8. 8 13-1 VERB + GERUND (i) They have to keep (on) working until the project is finished.
- 9. 9 13-1 VERB + GERUND (j) They are considering breaking up. (k) They are thinking about breaking up.
- 10. 10 13-1 VERB + GERUND (l) They discussed breaking up. (m) They talked about breaking up, but they decided to stay together.
- 11. 11 13-1 VERB + GERUND (n) She is considering not going to work today. not + gerund = negative form
- 12. 12 13-1 LET’S PRACTICE They are ____________ ______ out to play. think about go thinking about going
- 13. 13 13-1 LET’S PRACTICE Do you want to _________ _______ a new house? talk about buy talk about buying
- 14. 14 13-1 LET’S PRACTICE Would you _______ ______ us less homework this week? consider give consider giving
- 15. 15 13-2 GO + -ING It’s a beautiful day. Let’s go canoeing.
- 16. 16 13-2 GO + -ING (a) Did you go skydiving yesterday?
- 17. 17 13-2 GO + -ING (a) Did you go skydiving yesterday? (b) We went camping on the beach.
- 18. 18 13-2 GO + -ING (a) These guys are going skydiving soon. (b) We went camping on the beach. (c) Larry hasn’t gone skiing lately.
- 19. 19 go + gerund certain expressions about activities 13-2 GO + -ING (a) Did you go skydiving yesterday? (b) We went camping on the beach. (c) Larry hasn’t gone skiing lately. INCORRECT: I like to go to dancing.
- 20. 20 13-2 LET’S PRACTICE Mr. Anders loves to ___ ________. go fish go fishing
- 21. 21 13-2 LET’S PRACTICE My parents love to ___ ________. go dance go dancing
- 22. 22 13-3 VERB + INFINITIVE I expected you to be here an hour ago.
- 23. 23 13-3 VERB + INFINITIVE (a) I hope to graduate this year.
- 24. 24 13-3 VERB + INFINITIVE (a) I hope to graduate this year (b) He intends to study hard this year. to + simple form of verb = AN INFINITIVE
- 25. 25 13-3 VERB + INFINITIVE (a) I hope to graduate this year (b) He intends to study hard this year. (c) She decided not to attend medical school. negative = not + infinitive
- 26. 26 13-3 LET’S PRACTICE At their wedding, they ________ ___ ____ together forever. promise stay promised to stay
- 27. 27 13-3 LET’S PRACTICE I _____ _____ _____ _____ on a cruise, but I can’t afford it. would love go would love to go
- 28. 28 13-3 LET’S PRACTICE I ______ ___ ___ out of money. seem be seem to be
- 29. 29 13-4 VERB + GERUND OR INFINITIVE I love to go fishing with my dad.
- 30. 30 13-4 VERB + GERUND OR INFINITIVE (a) All of a sudden, it began raining. (b) All of a sudden, it began to rain. gerund or infinitive some verbs
- 31. 31 13-4 LET’S PRACTICE I _____ ___ _____ in line. I _____ _______ in line. hate wait hate waiting hate to wait
- 32. 32 13-4 LET’S PRACTICE I _____ _____ _____ yesterday, but I quit. I ______ __________ yesterday, but I quit. begin study began to study began studying
- 33. 33 13-5 PREPOSITION + GERUND She is nervous about testifying at the trial.
- 34. 34 13-5 PREPOSITION + GERUND (a) Some people are afraid of driving.
- 35. 35 13-5 PREPOSITION + GERUND (a) Some people are afraid of driving. (b) Alex is responsible for leading our team project.
- 36. 36 13-5 PREPOSITION + GERUND (a) Some people are afraid of driving. (b) Alex is responsible for leading our team project. (c) She apologized for being rude to her mom.
- 37. 37 13-5 LET’S PRACTICE Angie is good ___ (teach) ________ math.at teaching
- 38. 38 13-5 LET’S PRACTICE They are planning ____ (study) __________ all afternoon for the test. on studying
- 39. 39 13-5 LET’S PRACTICE They are excited ______ (start) _______ their new project. about starting
- 40. 40 13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING IS DONE It takes six hours to get from Baltimore to Seattle by air.
- 41. 41 13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING IS DONE (a) You turn on the microwave by selecting the number of minutes and pressing the ON button.
- 42. 42 13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING IS DONE (a) You turn on the microwave by selecting the number of minutes and pressing the ON button. how something is done By + a gerund
- 43. 43 13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING IS DONE (b) I love travelling by train.
- 44. 44 13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING IS DONE (b) I love travelling by train. (c) Many people eat with chopsticks.
- 45. 45 13-6 USING BY AND WITH TO EXPRESS HOW SOMETHING IS DONE (b) I love travelling by train. (c) Many people eat with chopsticks. by OR with + noun how something is done
- 46. 46 13-6 LET’S PRACTICE Some people in London get around ___ double-decker bus.by by with
- 47. 47 13-6 LET’S PRACTICE Most students don’t write their reports _____ hand anymore. by with by
- 48. 48 13-6 LET’S PRACTICE Floors can be cleaned _____ a mop.with by with
- 49. 49 13-7 USING GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS; USING IT + INFINITIVE Riding a motorcycle can be exciting.
- 50. 50 (a) Riding motorcycles is dangerous. (b) It is dangerous to ride motorcycles. 13-7 USING GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS; USING IT + INFINITIVE same meaning
- 51. 51 (c) Visiting other countries is fun. 13-7 USING GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS; USING IT + INFINITIVE gerund subject a gerund is singular verb is singular it subject it to visit other countries (d) It is fun to visit other countries.
- 52. 52 13-7 LET’S PRACTICE Gerund as subject It is important to do well in school. ________________ is important.Doing well in school
- 53. 53 13-7 LET’S PRACTICE Gerund as subject It can be helpful to study with a friend. _____________________________.Studying with a friend can be helpful
- 54. 54 13-7 LET’S PRACTICE Gerund as subject Is it scary to climb mountains? Yes, _______________________.climbing mountains is scary
- 55. 55 13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE) It is a good idea for everyone to get a flu shot.
- 56. 56 13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE) (a) You should get a flu shot. (b) It is necessary for you to get a flu shot.similar meaning
- 57. 57 13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE) (a) You should get a flu shot. (b) It is necessary for you to get a flu shot. (c) He should be careful. (d) It is important for him to be careful. it is + adjective + for (someone) + infinitive phrase
- 58. 58 13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE) (e) We don’t have to go to work today. (f) It isn’t necessary for us to go to work today.
- 59. 59 13-8 IT + INFINITIVE: USING FOR (SOMEONE) (e) We don’t have to go to work today. (f) It isn’t necessary for us to go to work today. (g) A dog can’t drive a car. (h) It is impossible for a dog to drive a car.
- 60. 60 13-8 LET’S PRACTICE World leaders should be honest. It is important ________________________.for world leaders to be honest
- 61. 61 13-8 LET’S PRACTICE In some cultures, brides wear red. In some cultures, it is appropriate ___________________.for brides to wear red
- 62. 62 13-8 LET’S PRACTICE Snakes can’t run. It is impossible _______________.for snakes to run
- 63. 63 13-9 EXPRESSING PURPOSE WITH IN ORDER TO AND FOR I am going to college in order to get a good education.
- 64. 64 In order to purpose 13-9 EXPRESSING PURPOSE WITH IN ORDER TO AND FOR - Why are you going to college? (a) I am going to college because I want a good education. (b) I am going to college in order to get a good education. (c) I am going to college to get a good education. same meaning in order frequently omitted
- 65. 65 13-9 EXPRESSING PURPOSE WITH IN ORDER TO AND FOR (d) I am going to college for an education. for purpose preposition noun
- 66. 66 13-9 EXPRESSING PURPOSE WITH IN ORDER TO AND FOR (d) I am going to college for an education. (e) I am going to college to get an education. INCORRECT: I am going to college for to get an education. INCORRECT: I am going to college for getting an education.
- 67. 67 13-9 LET’S PRACTICE I went to the ATM in order to withdraw money. CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
- 68. 68 13-9 LET’S PRACTICE I went to the ATM for to withdraw money. CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
- 69. 69 13-9 LET’S PRACTICE I went to the ATM for withdrawing money. CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
- 70. 70 13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH This dessert is too delicious to resist.
- 71. 71 13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH (a) Hang gliding is too scary to try. (b) Hang gliding is too scary for me to try. (c) Hang gliding is too scary for Sue to try. TOO + ADJECTIVE + (FOR SOMEONE) + INFINITIVE
- 72. 72 13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH Hang gliding is too scary to try. Don’t even think of trying it. too + adjective negative result
- 73. 73 13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH Hang gliding is too scary. I can’t do it. Flying is very scary, but I can do it. COMPARE
- 74. 74 13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH (d) I don’t have enough time to mop the floor. ENOUGH + NOUN + INFINITIVE (e) Do you have enough time to do it?
- 75. 75 13-10 USING INFINITIVES WITH TOO AND ENOUGH I’m not strong enough to mop the floor. ADJECTIVE + ENOUGH + INFINITIVE (g) Are you strong enough to do it? (f)
- 76. 76 13-10 LET’S PRACTICE I am too clumsy. I can’t be a waitress. I am ______________________.too clumsy to be a waitress
- 77. 77 13-10 LET’S PRACTICE These shoes are too small for me. These shoes aren’t ________________.big enough for me
- 78. 78 13-10 LET’S PRACTICE Hang gliding takes a lot of courage. I don’t have ______________ to try it.enough courage
- 79. 79 PHOTO CREDITS Images used under license from: • Shutterstock, Inc. • Clipart, Inc. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education and its licensors. All rights reserved.