Chapter 18 temperature and salainity in oceans
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The document discusses salinity and the distribution of salt concentrations in the world's oceans. It notes that the Atlantic Ocean generally has the highest salinity, around 3.5% on average globally. Regions with higher salinity include the Red Sea and Dead Sea, while areas with lower salinity include near river mouths and polar regions with ice melt. The source of ocean salts is from erosion of land rocks over millions of years. Salinity affects ocean properties like density and influences the types of organisms that can survive in different waters.
![“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
Which ocean is the biggest?
OCEAN SURFACE AREA [km2] OF ALL
OCEANS…
Atlantic 90,818,000 27.1%
Indian 68,556,000 20.4%
Pacific 155,557,000 46.4%
Southern 20,327,000 6.1%](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter18temperatureandsalainityinoceans-161224170518/85/Chapter-18-temperature-and-salainity-in-oceans-4-320.jpg)
![“Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir
Which ocean has the most
coastline?
OCEAN COASTLINE LENGTH [km]
Atlantic 111,866
Indian 66,526
Pacific 135,663
Southern 17,968](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter18temperatureandsalainityinoceans-161224170518/85/Chapter-18-temperature-and-salainity-in-oceans-5-320.jpg)
Chapter 18 temperature and salainity in oceans
- 1. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir In the Name of Allah, the Boundlessly Merciful, the Infinitely Compassionate. Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds; and peace and blessings of Allah be upon His Prophet Muhammed
- 2. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir Chapter 19: DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE & SALINITY OF THE OCEANS
- 3. • “is the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water.” • “No of grams of salts dissolved in per kilo gram of sea water.” Salinity
- 4. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir Which ocean is the biggest? OCEAN SURFACE AREA [km2] OF ALL OCEANS… Atlantic 90,818,000 27.1% Indian 68,556,000 20.4% Pacific 155,557,000 46.4% Southern 20,327,000 6.1%
- 5. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir Which ocean has the most coastline? OCEAN COASTLINE LENGTH [km] Atlantic 111,866 Indian 66,526 Pacific 135,663 Southern 17,968
- 6. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir QUESTION: Is saltwater the same everywhere? ANSWER: Nope. In general, the Atlantic Ocean is the “saltiest.”
- 7. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir Please Pass the Salt… • “Run-of-the-mill” concentration? • 3.5 grams/liter • Like weather, there are areas of • HIGH salinity • LOW salinity So, where are these “highs” and “lows”?
- 8. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir Please Pass the Salt… H H H H H L L L
- 9. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir Mmmmm…Salty! DEAD SEA FACTS: • Really a large lake • Water gets in, but not out! • Fed by River Jordan • Evaporation only way out • Has nearly 10 times the salinity of the oceans! • Leads to increased density Dead Sea was named because it had no life!
- 10. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir So?? The increased density means just about anything will float! We can see this through the use of eggs!
- 11. HOW SALTY IS THE OCEAN? MEASURING SALINITY THE SALTIEST WATER
- 12. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR DISTRIBUTION OF SALINITY IN THE SEAS / OCEANS 1. Supply of Freshwater 2. Temperature 3. Rainfall 4. Melting of Ice
- 13. DISTRIBUTION OF SALTS IN OCEANS (LATITUDE-WISE) 1. On Equator 2. On Tropics 3. On Poles 4. Tendency from East to West
- 14. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir Where did the salt come from, in Ocean.? • From land • Over millions of years, rain, rivers, and streams have washed over rocks containing the compound sodium chloride (NaCl), and carried it into the sea.
- 15. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir Average Ocean Salinity • The average ocean salinity is 35 ppt. • Rainfall, evaporation, river runoff, and ice formation cause the variations.
- 16. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir Distribution of Salinity • In Fresh water – less than 1,000 ppm • Salighty Saline Water – From 1,000 ppm to 3,000 ppm • Moderately saline water – From 3,000 ppm to 35,000 ppm • Highly saline water – From 10,000 ppm to 35,000 ppm
- 17. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir • Determines the distribution of plants and animals that live in the ocean. Affects other properties of seawater, such as its density and the amount of dissolved oxygen. Importance of Salinity
- 18. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir Interesting Facts about Salinity • Most marine creatures keep the salinity inside their bodies at about the same concentration as the water outside their bodies because water likes a balance. If an animal that usually lives in salt water were placed in fresh water, the fresh water would flow into the animal through its skin. If a fresh water animal found itself in the salty ocean, the water inside of it would rush out. • Human beings cannot drink sea water because of Salinity
- 19. “Physical & General Geography (Paper I) for CSS & PMS” By Imran Bashir