Chapter 5

Editor's Notes

• #2: MAKE A T-CHART FOR TAKING NOTES FOR THE CHAPTER: EVENT/CONSEQUENCE Appreciate the influcence of diverse Aboriginal, French, and British peoples on events leading to Confederation: Describes the role of FN, French, British and Canadien peoples in conflicts between Britain and France to control North America, especially the struggle for Acadia and the Seven Years’ War. Covers key pieces of Francophone and Aboriginal perspectives: Francophones in Canada have a distinct identity from France (stayed even when France withdrew from North America after 1763) The Francophone rights have a long history going back to the Quebec Act in 1774 FN were not conquered when Britain defeated France. FN were not French Subjects and did not become British subjects. Britain’s Royal Proclamation of 1763 and the Quebec Act of 1774 recognized the fact of FN sovereignty and rights to land Appreciate the challenges of coexistence among peoples: Mi’kmaq-British war, the deportation of the Acadians, the actions of Chief Pontiac, the Royal Proclamation of 1763, the Quebec Act of 1774 as responses to challenges of coexistence created by conflict Knowledge and Understanding: In what ways did conflicts between the French and the British in Europe impact North America? How did conflicts between the French and British in Europe become factors in the Great Deportation of the Acadians? To what extent was the Battle of the Plains of Abraham the key event in achieving British control over North America What was the role and intent of Chief Pontiac in controlling British fortts? How was the Royal Proclamation of 1763 an attempt to achieve compromise among Aboriginal peoples, the French and the British? How did the Quebec Act of 1774 contribute to the foundations of Canada as an officially bilingual country?
• #3: Historical Significance – key event: what are the three criteria to be a key or historically significant event? There are 3 CRITERIA for historical significance: DURABILITY: Changes last a long time 2) QUANTITY: Affected many people 3) PROFUNDIDTY: The effects are long lasting Review handout on “Comparing Significance”. Important to consider perspectives when discussing key events because they result in different consequences for different peoples (i.e. Treaty of Utrect in 1713 give Britain permantent control of Acadia which results in war for the Mi’kmaq, deportation for the Acadians, and a new strategic position for the British. Britain took control of North America in 1763 in a treaty with France. This event – la Conquete or Conquest – is an important moment in Canada’s past.
• #7: #1 – discusses the dikes the Acadians built; tremendous labour involved. Meant they had put down roots Makes them determined to hang on to the land #2 – prediction exercise Use handout 5-5 and fill out as they answer.
• #9: Using the timeline, find at least one example of cause and effect that illustrates this competition. Examples of answers: Because of the Treaty of Ultrecht (cause), Acadia became the property of Britain in 1713 (effect) Britain takes control of Acadia in 1713 (cause); France builds Louisbourg (effect) France regains Louisbourg in 1748, because of a treaty to end the War of the Austrian Succession (cause); Britain builds Halifax (effect). Using the map, describe how competition influenced the positioning of Louisbourg and Halifax. Louisbourg guarded the gateway to the interior of the continent and the rich fur trade. It also protected French settlements in the St. Lawrence region, such as Quebec and Montreal. Halifax guarded against any navel treat from New France or Europe towards the Thirteen Colonies.
• #12: Discuss what is an oath
• #13: I have a handout containing a new school oath and the actual oath of the acadians.
• #15: Should the Acadians accept the Oath, which meant that they would have to fight in a war against France? Class debate or Socratic seminar, whatever you want to finish off the class to act our the situation the Acadians were in, accept the oath, or be forced off of your land.
• #19: Read and discuss pages148-152. Watch video and make notes: Look for: How did conflicts between the French and the British in Europe become factors in the Great Deportation of the Acadians in 1755? During conflicts, people sometimes jump to conclusions about others. Britain, in 1755, jumped to conclusions about the Acadians. The Great Deportation is an example from Canada’s past of how conflict can draw out prejudices towards other people. Conflicts happen today, they carry the same risk. Assuming that getting to know people well is a way to break down prejudices, what steps could you personally take to get to know people of diverse cultures in Canada? Celebrate important days on the cultural calendars of diverse peoples, and invite them to celebrate your important days with you. Learn a little of another person’s first language – from the person. Have lunch with a person you don’t know well on a regular basis
• #21: Assumed they could not trust the Acadians. What has been offered as reparation to them today? Acadians are a recognized part of Canadian society today Many feel emotional about their history The Queen has apologized for the Great Deportation; Young people are less interested than older people Newspaper: The queen has apologized; the apology is extremely important to the Acadians.
• #24: Answering the question: How important was the Battle of the Plains of Abraham for achieving British conquest of North America?
• #25: Answering the question: How important was the Battle of the Plains of Abraham for achieving British conquest of North America? Model: Intro: The battle of the Plains of Abraham played a pivotal role in solidifying Britain’s conquest of North America. Concluding: The Battle of the Plains of Abraham removed France’s major center of control in North America and insured that Britain was the only European power operating in North America. Support: The battle meant Britain controlled the strategic fortress of Quebec, and thereby controlled all the inland territory of the Great Lakes region. The battle itself, however, was not the last word in the conflict to control Quebec. The French defeated the British army a few months later, in the Battle of Sainte-Foy. Would the British have captured Quebec anyways, once their reinforcements arrived, even if Wolfe had not captured Quebec? It is difficult to say. Before he captured Quebec, Wolfe had spent three fruitless months shelling it. Quebec may have been too heavily fortified, and too well supplied from surrounding Canadien settlements, for reinforcements to have made much difference.
• #30: Look at the words of Minweweh. How does he see the relationship of his people to the French and the British? Draw a graphic representation of this relationship, or restate in your own words. Students’ responses should acknowledge that the Odawa and Anishinabe did not consider themselves defeated by Britain. Britain’s victory over France was not a victory over them. NOTE: Students can respond with illustrations, in writing, or by talking in groups or with partners. In what way did the actions of Pontiac and Minweweh to control British forst express this perspective? Their actions showed that they did not consider themselves subject to the treaty that ended the war with France – the Reaty of Paris. Britain had not made peace with the. If you were trying to explain this perspective to someone who did not know about Canada’s past, what would you say? Choose three key points from your knowledge of First Nations history. Possible points: First Nations had societies and governments long before Europeans came to North America Their societies had close connections to the land. They regarded the land as integral to their societies. The objective of European imperialism – to dominate and control traditional lands of First Nations – was not an objective shared by First Nations or negotiated with First Nations. Britain generally viewed First Nations as obstacles to their own uses for land (farms, for example) First Nations became partners and allies with France during the fur trade, but they did not become French subjects.