Chapter 5 The Flow of Food an Introduction
- 2. The Flow of Food To keep food safe throughout the flow of food: Prevent cross-contamination Prevent time-temperature abuse 5-2
- 3. Cross-Contamination Separate equipment: Use separate equipment for each type of food Clean and sanitize: Clean and sanitize all work surfaces, equipment, and utensils after each task 5-3
- 4. Cross-Contamination Prep food at different times: Prepare raw meat, fish, and poultry at different times than ready-to-eat food (when using the same prep table) Buy prepared food: Buy food items that do not require much prepping or handling 5-4
- 5. Avoiding Time-Temperature Abuse Time-temperature control: Food held in the range of 41°F and 135°F (5°C and 57°C) has been time-temperature abused Food has been time-temperature abused whenever it is handled in the following ways o Cooked to the wrong internal temperature o Held at the wrong temperature o Cooked or reheated incorrectly 5-5
- 6. Avoiding Time-Temperature Abuse Avoid time-temperature abuse: Monitor time and temperature Make sure the correct kinds of thermometers are available Regularly record temperatures and the times they are taken Minimize the time that food spends in the temperature danger zone Take corrective actions if time-temperature standards are not met 5-6
- 7. Choosing the Correct Thermometer Bimetallic stemmed thermometer 5-7
- 8. Choosing the Correct Thermometer Thermocouples and thermistors: Measure temperature through a metal probe Display temperatures digitally Come with interchangeable probes o Immersion probe o Surface probe o Penetration probe o Air probe Have a sensing area on the tip of their probe 5-8
- 9. Choosing the Correct Thermometer Infrared (laser) thermometers: Used to measure the surface temperature of food and equipment Hold as close to the food or equipment as possible Remove anything between the thermometer and the food, food package, or equipment Follow manufacturers’ guidelines 5-9
- 10. Choosing the Correct Thermometer Time-temperature indicators (TTI): Monitor both time and temperature Are attached to packages by the supplier A color change appears on the device when time-temperature abuse has occurred Maximum registering thermometer: Indicates the highest temperature reached during use Used where temperature readings cannot be continuously observed 5-10
- 11. How to Calibrate Thermometers Calibration: Adjusting a thermometer to get a correct reading Two methods: Ice-point method Boiling-point method 5-11
- 12. How to Calibrate Thermometers Boiling-point method: 1. Bring tap water to a boil in a deep pan. 2. Put the thermometer stem or probe into the water. 3. Adjust the thermometer so it reads 212˚F (100˚C). Note: Boiling point of water varies based on elevation 5-12
- 13. How to Calibrate Thermometers Ice-point method: 5-13 1. Fill a large container with crushed ice and water. 2. Put the thermometer stem or probe into the water. 3. Adjust the thermometer so it reads 32˚F (0˚C).
- 14. General Thermometer Guidelines When using thermometers: Wash, rinse, sanitize, and air-dry thermometers before and after using them Calibrate them before each shift to ensure accuracy Make sure thermometers used to measure the temperature of food are accurate to +/- 2˚F or +/- 1˚C Only use glass thermometers if they are enclosed in a shatterproof casing 5-14
- 15. General Thermometer Guidelines When using thermometers: Insert the thermometer stem or probe into thickest part of the product (usually the center) Take another reading in a different spot Wait for the thermometer reading to steady before recording the temperature 5-15