Chapter 7 Section 3 Notes
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The document discusses causes and effects of soil erosion as well as methods for preventing it. Soil erosion is important because it reduces the quality of topsoil needed for plant growth. Major causes of soil erosion include agricultural cultivation, forest harvesting, overgrazing, and excess sediment from severe erosion. Methods to prevent soil erosion involve protecting soil through techniques like using shelter belts, cover crops, contour farming, terracing, reclaiming mined land, and controlling water flow.
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Chapter 7 Section 3 Notes
- 1. Chapter 7 Section 3 Soil Erosion
- 2. Soil EROSION or loss is important because plants do not grow as well when topsoil is lost Causes and effects of soil erosion – many humans activities disturb the natural BALANCE between soil production and soil erosion.
- 3. AGRICULTURAL CULTIVATION – increased farming removes the plant cover, leaving soils open to wind and water erosion. FOREST HARVESTING – removes forest which increases erosion and particularly damages tropical rain forest soil.
- 6. OVERGRAZING results when animals graze until almost all ground cover disappears. EXCESS SEDIMENT can damage the environment when soil erosion is severe
- 9. Preventing soil erosion – soil must be PROTECTED
- 10. Manage crops Farmers plant SHELTER BEDS of trees to break the force of the wind. Bare soil can be COVERED with decaying plants to hold soil in place
- 12. Farmers can GRAZE ANIMALS on vegetation instead of plowing it under. With NO-TILL farming, plant stalks are left in the field to provide cover for soil.
- 14. Reduce erosion on slopes CONTOUR farming reduces soil erosion by planting along the contours of slopes TERRACING creates steep-sided flat areas for crops on the sides of hills and mountains.
- 19. Reduce erosion of exposed soil WATER is sprayed onto bare soil to reduce wind erosion Topsoil is replaced and TREES are planted
- 21. WATER flow can be controlled in strip mines After mining, the land can be RECLAIMED