Chapter 9- Hyperventilation
- 1. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 9 Hyperventilation
- 2. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Objectives • Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to: – Define hyperventilation – Describe the signs and symptoms of hyperventilation – Explain the causes of hyperventilation 2
- 3. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Objectives (cont’d.) – Explain the treatment of hyperventilation – Describe the best way to prevent hyperventilation 3
- 4. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Introduction • Hyperventilation: an increase in the rate or depth of breathing that results in a change in the blood chemistry – Usually occurs as a result of anxiety – A common emergency in the dental office since dental visits can cause anxiety for some people 4
- 5. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Causes • Most common cause is anxiety • Can also be caused by: – Certain physical conditions – Emotional upset – Stress 5
- 6. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Causes (cont’d.) • Hyperventilation occurs most often in patients who hide their feelings and do not admit their fears of dentistry – Anxiety builds until they are no longer able to control it • Not usually seen in children – Children tend to cry or scream when fearful preventing hyperventilation 6
- 7. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Physiology • Carbon dioxide in the blood automatically triggers the breathing reflex and stimulates respiration • A person hyperventilating increases the depth and rate of respirations and exhale a large amount of carbon dioxide – Suffer from a lack of carbon dioxide – Must work consciously to inhale and exhale 7
- 8. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Physiology (cont’d.) • Cycle of hyperventilation – Patient: • Becomes anxious • Begins to hyperventilate • Realizes he/she is having trouble breathing • Becomes more anxious • Hyperventilates more severely 8
- 9. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Physiology (cont’d.) – Cycle continues until dental team recognizes the problem, intervenes, and attempts to calm the patient 9
- 10. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Signs and Symptoms • Patient: – Appears anxious – Begins to breathe faster and deeper – Usually does not realize the change in breathing – May complain of chest tightness or suffocation – May experience dizziness and tingling in the extremities 10
- 11. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Signs and Symptoms (cont’d.) Emergency Basics Box 9-1: Signs and Symptoms of Hyperventilation 11
- 12. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Treatment • Stop all dental treatment – Remove all materials and instruments from the patient’s mouth • Position the patient upright – Patient will be more comfortable if seated upright 12
- 13. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Treatment (cont’d.) • Attempt to calm the patient – Explain the condition to the patient – Tell the patient to inhale and hold their breath for several seconds prior to exhaling • If the patient is too upset to hold their breath, use other techniques – Have the patient breathe into a paper bag – Allow the patient to hold the paper bag 13
- 14. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Treatment (cont’d.) • Do not administer oxygen – Patient has too much oxygen and not enough carbon dioxide • The dentist may have to administer an anti-anxiety medication – If the patient is experiencing a severe hyperventilation episode 14
- 15. ©2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Summary • Hyperventilation usually occurs in the dental office because of anxiety • Important for the dental team to determine what the patient fears about dentistry – Can help prevent future episodes of hyperventilation 15