Chapter 9: Observation: The Roots of Practice
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Chapter 9 focuses on observation in educational practice, highlighting the importance of noticing various aspects of children's behavior such as tone of voice and interactions. It outlines steps for effective observation, types of communication, and tools for reflecting on children's development, including subjective and objective observational methods. Additionally, it discusses the role of observation in curriculum planning, understanding diversity, and facilitating communication with families.
Chapter 9: Observation: The Roots of Practice
- 1. Chapter 9: Observation: The Roots of Practice Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 2. The Observer Notices tone of voice Notices quality of movement Notices facial expressions Notices language Notices actions Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 3. Open-ended Activity An activity that places no pressure on the child and for which there are no external expectations Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 4. Observe “ To see or sense especially through analytic attention” Analytic attention : the observer is concentrating in a clear and focused way on the events unfolding around her Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 5. Steps in Observation Collect and record data Analyze the data Interpret the data Collect more data Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 6. Types of Observation Subjective : includes the teacher’s perspective and judgments Objective : includes only what has occurred during the observation Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 7. Reflection Teachers can reflect on many observations over time to gain a better understanding and appreciation for what is going on in the minds of their children Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 8. Benefits of Observation Tool for understanding diversity Generate knowledge about child Tool for drafting “scripts for action” Aid in becoming an effective decision-maker Aid in planning curriculum Facilitate communication with families Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 9. Goodness of Fit Matching a child’s temperament with his or her environment Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 10. Curriculum Planning Planning organized activities Allowing time for spontaneous activities Involves: Scheduling Setting routines Defining goals and expectations Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 11. Types of Interactions to Observe Peer-to-peer interactions Adult-child interactions Caregiving routines Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 12. Types of Communication Informal communication : arises from spontaneous encounters with parents and children Formal communication : planned communication between parties, such as a parent-teacher conference Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 13. Confidentiality Disclosing information only to those professionals and family members involved in the situation Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 14. What to Observe Their transitions to the classroom in the morning and end of day Their routines – eating, sleeping, washing hands Their activities and use of materials Their language Their interactions Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 15. Bias One’s natural tendency to favor some children over others based on their characteristics, behavior style, and cultural background Being aware of one’s bias can improve one’s ability to observe objectively rather than subjectively Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 16. Narrative Records Running record : teacher writes down exactly what she sees for a period of time Anecdotal record : teacher describes an event Diary/Journal : teacher regularly records what happens and adds commentary Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 17. Observation Methods Event sampling : the observation and recording of a pre-determined event Checklists : formal evaluations which measure a child’s developmental performance against preset criteria Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 18. Child Study A comprehensive document put together from observations of a child over a period of time Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 19. Descriptive Review Use the child’s work, his efforts to stand upright and then take steps, his paintings and block buildings, or the stories he writes as a starting point for understanding his world Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York
- 20. Communicating Assessment Results Narrative reporting : a written description of the child’s behaviors that includes observations, assessments, and recommendations Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York, New York