Chapter 9 system penetration [compatibility mode]

System
Penetration
Keamanan Jaringan
D3 Teknik Telekomunikasi

System Penetration
• What do I mean by System Penetration?
The act of successfully breaching security on a
remote computer system in order to gain some
form of control access.
 So, what is Metasploit Framework?
 First we need to learn some basic concepts before
understanding what the Metasploit Framework is and what it is
capable of providing.
1/15/2015D3 Teknik Telekomunikasi_Sanggup, Mampu, Bisa

Many Attack Vectors!
• Gaining access to a secured system can be a difficult task that requires skill
and maybe luck. However, we have also have plenty of simple techniques,
commonly used today, to achieve the same result. Such include;
• AuthenticationAttacks
• Password guessing using common strings or using default passwords
• Ex: Wireless Routers have default passwords  Majority don’t change this!!!
• Ex: Windows Administrator Account are often blank
• Password Brute Force Attack
• These method has become extremely fast with the of Rainbow Tables!
• Rainbow tables pre-computed tables of password hashes.
• Social EngineeringAttacks
• To influence someone into divulging confidential information using techniques.
• Ex: Phishing Attacks
• A malicious user who impersonates him or herself as trustworthy a entity
• SQL Injection Attacks
• To inject unexpected malformed SQL into a query in order to manipulate the database in
unintended ways.
• Ex: Injection of SQL to spit out information from certain tables
• Ex: Inject an administrator account for yourself

Many Attack Vectors!
• However, one of the most dangerous and yet a very
effective attack used by malicious users today are
Software Exploitation Attacks!
Software Exploitation Attacks can be used to gain
access to unauthorized systems, leverage user
account privileges, crash systems or provide
installation of malicious software (such as Spyware,
Virus’s, Trojans, Adware, etc.) without the
awareness of the other party.

Understanding S.E. Attacks.
• First, let’s understand basics.
“The word vulnerability, in computer security, refers to a weakness in a
system allowing an attacker to violate the confidentiality, integrity, availability,
access control, consistency or audit mechanisms of the system or the data
and applications it hosts”
• To Software Developers, a bug is synonymous to a vulnerability.
• Ex: Errors in program’s source code or flawed program design
• Buffer overflows
• Memory leaks
• Dead locks
• Arithmetic overflow
• Accessing protected memory (Access Violation)

Understanding S.E. Attacks
• Regardless though which type of software bug we are
speaking of, they are used as the foundation to form an
exploit.
• Therefore, an exploit is a security attack on a vulnerability.
• In other words (again), an exploit attacking a vulnerability is generating an
event that the application/program/OS is not programmed/designed to recover
successfully and therefore the result is a system that discontinues to function
correctly
• How will this give us access to a secured System?
Ans: It won’t.
• Each exploit can be designed to meet the methodology of your
attack.
• Ex: An attacker exploits an IDS to reboot it or crash it before he/she
launches a further attack to avoid detection.

Understanding Payloads
• However, Exploits have more potential!
• They are commonly used to install system malware or gain
system access or recruit client machines into an existing ‘botnet’.
• This is accomplished with the help of a payload
• The payload is a sequence of code that is executed when the vulnerability is
triggered
• To make things clear, an Exploit is really broken up into two parts, like so;
EXPLOIT = Vulnerability + Payload;

• The payload is usually written in Assembly Language
• Platform and OS dependant.
• A Win32 payload will not work in Linux (even if we are exploiting the
same bug)
• Big Endian, Small Endian Architectures
• Different payload types exist and they accomplish different tasks
• exec  Execute a command or program on the remote system
• download_exec  Download a file from a URL and execute
• upload_exec  Upload a local file and execute
• adduser  Add user to system accounts

• However, the most common payload type used with exploits
are shellcodes or aka shell payloads.
• These payloads are very useful because they provide the attacker an
interactive shell that can be used to completely control the system
remotely
• The term is inherited from Unix  /bin/sh
• For Win OS’s, shells actually refer to command prompt  cmd.exe
• There are two different types of shell payloads;
• Bind Shells  A socket is created, a port is bound to it and when an a
connection is established to it, it will spawn a shell.
• Reverse Shells  Instead of creating a listening socket, a connection is
created to a predefined IP and Port and a shell is then shoveled to the
Attacker.

Metasploit Framework
What is the Metasploit Framework?
• According to the Metasploit Team;
“The Metasploit Framework is a platform for writing, testing, and using
exploit code. The primary users of the Framework are professionals
performing penetration testing, shellcode development, and vulnerability
research.”

Understanding MSF
• The MSF is not only an environment for exploit development
but also a platform for launching exploits on real-world
applications. It is packaged with real exploits that can provide
real damage if not used professionally.
• The fact that MSF is an open-source tool and provides such a
simplified method for launching dangerous attacks, it has and
still is attracting wannabe hackers and script kiddies that do
no more than create additional problems on networks and
system.

Snort Introduction
• A problem exists will large networks 
• Without proper equipment, it becomes more difficult for
Administrators and Analyst's to continuously keep track of the
security and integrity of their network. This is true because larger
network have more potential areas to be targeted and therefore
detection of attacks become a challenging task.
• What are Network Intrusion Detection System’s?
• This is proper equipment
• It is technology that has been designed to automatically detect
malicious content on a network and provide the administrator
with a response in the event of a problem.

Understanding Snort
• Simply, Snort is an open-source Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
and an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) technology.
• Meaning it will monitor our networks traffic for malicious content to
determine if there is a problem and it will also take immediate
action if it detects a problem
• Snort can perform real-time analysis on packet streams to detect many
variations of attacks and probes. Such attacks and probes include, as
listed on snorg.org, are buffer overflows, stealth port scans, CGI attacks,
SMB probes, OS fingerprinting attempts, and much more.
• Snort is also a real-time alerting agent.
• Example: Snort can be configured to send Bob an e-mail when a
low-priority attack is detected but send Joe a pager notification when
a high-priority attack is detected.

Snort Installation/Configuration
• Installation easy!
• Requires WinPcap libraries
• However, configuration is not so easy
• Required manual modifications to snort.conf
• Difficult to debug
• IDScenter makes snort configuration much easier!
• http://www.engagesecurity.com/products/idscenter/
• In a nutshell, IDScenter is a front-end GUI for the snort.conf configuration file
• IDScenter also includes;
• snort.conf testers
• No worries about syntax
• Alert file viewer 1/15/2015D3 Teknik Telekomunikasi_Sanggup, Mampu, Bisa

IDScenter Configurations
Figure: IDScenter Main Panel1/15/2015D3 Teknik Telekomunikasi_Sanggup, Mampu, Bisa

Figure: Initialize Environment Variables1/15/2015D3 Teknik Telekomunikasi_Sanggup, Mampu, Bisa

Figure: Added Bleeding Edge Threats Rulesets

The Attack Experiment
Goal:
• To conduct a Software Exploitation Attack using
Metasploit Framework against a Victim machine
in order to gain system access
• To make things interesting, the Victim’s machine
will also have Snort running locally as an IDS in
order to see how it reacts to the attack.

Network Topology and Hardware
Configurations/Details

Software Details
• Victim (*No anti-virus or similar scanner is running on this machine)
• Operating System: Windows XP Professional 5.1.2600,
Service Pack 2 (not fully updated)
• Snort 2.7.0
• Attacker
• Operating System: Slackware Linux via BackTrack 2 ,
Bootable Live CD
• Metasploit Framework 3.0 – Beta Development Release

Vulnerability Details
• Microsoft Security Bulletin - MS06-001
Vulnerability in Graphics Rendering Engine Could
Allow Remote Code Execution (912919)
• Originally posted on January 5, 2006
• However, it was running wild as a 0-Day vulnerability for a couple weeks
• The heart of the vulnerability was within ‘Graphics Rendering Engine’ of the
OS; where a problem would occur whenever it handled corrupted Windows
Metafile images. This is was not typical buffer overflow problem but merely a
flaw in the design.
• At the time, it was an extremely critical vulnerability!

Conducting the Attack
Figure: Booting up Backtrack

Figure: Metasploit Command Line Interface

Figure: Exploit Initialization
Figure: Exploit Selection

Figure: Payload Selection1/15/2015D3 Teknik Telekomunikasi_Sanggup, Mampu, Bisa

Figure: Module and Payload Configuration

Figure: Attack launched using ‘exploit’ command

Figure: Victim Exploited1/15/2015D3 Teknik Telekomunikasi_Sanggup, Mampu, Bisa

Figure: Successful attack opens remote control session
Figure: Active sessions

Figure: System Access !
Figure: ‘ipconfig’ executed on Victim’s machine

Figure: Attack and the effects of it detected by Snort

References
[1] “Software Bug”URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_bug
[2] “Computer Security”URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_security
[3] “Exploit (computer security)”URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploit_(computer_security)
[4] “BackTrack Security Live CD” URL: http://www.remote-exploit.org/
[5] “Metasploit Framework”URL: http://www.metasploit.com/
[6] “Snort” URL: http://www.snort.org/
[7] “WinPcap” URL: http://www.winpcap.org/
[8] “IDScenter” URL: http://www.engagesecurity.com/products/idscenter/
[9] ” Bleeding Edge Threats” URL: http://www.bleedingthreats.net/
[10] “Microsoft Security Bulletin MS06-001” URL:
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/MS06-001.mspx

Chapter 9 system penetration [compatibility mode]

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Chapter 9 system penetration [compatibility mode]