Chapter No 3 Computer Hardware E Book Management Information System By OBrien
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The document outlines the major types of computer systems including microcomputers, midrange systems, mainframes, and supercomputers, detailing their definitions and applications. It discusses the components of computer systems such as input, processing, output, and storage devices, along with examples of peripherals. Additionally, the document covers various input and output technologies, as well as storage options, emphasizing their functionalities and characteristics.
Chapter No 3 Computer Hardware E Book Management Information System By OBrien
- 1. 3 - 1Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
- 2. 3 - 2Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computer Hardware Chapter 3 Chapter 3
- 3. 3 - 3Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Identify the major types and uses of microcomputer, midrange, and mainframe computer systems. 2. Outline the major technologies and uses of computer peripherals for input, output, and storage. Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
- 4. 3 - 4Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives 3. Identify and give examples of the components and functions of a computer system. 4. Identify the computer systems and peripherals you would acquire or recommend for a business of your choice, and explain the reasons for your selections.
- 5. 3 - 5Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. What is a Computer?What is a Computer? Definition: • All computers are systems of input, processing, output, storage, and control components.
- 6. 3 - 6Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Types of Computer SystemsTypes of Computer Systems
- 7. 3 - 7Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Microcomputer SystemsMicrocomputer Systems • Personal Computer (PC) – microcomputer for use by an individual • Professional Workstation – a powerful, networked PC for business professionals • Laptop – small, portable PC
- 8. 3 - 8Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Microcomputer SystemsMicrocomputer Systems • Network Server – more powerful microcomputers that coordinate telecommunications and resource sharing in small local area networks and Internet and intranet websites • Computer Terminals – depend on servers for software, storage and processing power
- 9. 3 - 9Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Microcomputer SystemsMicrocomputer Systems • Network Computers – low-cost, sealed microcomputers with no or minimal disk storage that are linked to the network • Information Appliances – hand-held microcomputer devices
- 10. 3 - 10Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. PC FeaturesPC Features
- 11. 3 - 11Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Midrange SystemsMidrange Systems Definition: • Primarily high-end network servers and other types of servers that can handle the large-scale processing of many business applications.
- 12. 3 - 12Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Mainframe SystemsMainframe Systems Definition: • Large, fast, and powerful computer systems
- 13. 3 - 13Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Supercomputer SystemsSupercomputer Systems Definition: • Extremely powerful computer systems specifically designed for scientific, engineering, and business applications requiring extremely high speeds for massive numeric computations
- 14. 3 - 14Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Hardware Organized by System FunctionsHardware Organized by System Functions • Input Devices convert data into electronic form for direct entry or through a telecommunications network into a computer system • Processing Components primarily the Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU) - perform arithmetic and logic functions required to execute software instructions
- 15. 3 - 15Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Hardware Organized by System FunctionsHardware Organized by System Functions • Output Devices convert electronic information produced by the computer system into human- intelligible form for presentation to end users • Storage Devices store data and software instructions needed for processing • Control Components primarily the CPU’s Control Unit which interprets software instructions and transmits directions that control the activities of the other components of the computer system
- 16. 3 - 16Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computer Processing SpeedsComputer Processing Speeds • Millisecond – thousandth of a second • Microsecond – millionth of a second • Nanosecond – billionth of a second • Picosecond – trillionth of a second
- 17. 3 - 17Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computer Clock SpeedsComputer Clock Speeds • MIPS – million instructions per second • Megahertz (MHz) – millions of cycles per second • Gigahertz (GHz) – billions of cycles per second
- 18. 3 - 18Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Computer PeripheralsComputer Peripherals Definition: • Generic name given to all input, output, and secondary storage devices that are part of a computer system, but are not part of the CPU.
- 19. 3 - 19Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Peripherals AdvicePeripherals Advice
- 20. 3 - 20Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Online vs. OfflineOnline vs. Offline • Online – devices are separate from but can be electronically connected to and controlled by a CPU • Offline – devices are separate from and not under the control of the CPU
- 21. 3 - 21Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Input TechnologiesInput Technologies • Keyboard • Pointing Devices • Pen-Based Computing • Speech Recognition Systems • Optical Scanning
- 22. 3 - 22Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Graphical User Interface (GUI)Graphical User Interface (GUI) Definition: • Icons, menus, windows, buttons, bars, etc used for user selection
- 23. 3 - 23Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Pointing DevicesPointing Devices • Electronic Mouse – Moving mouse on pad moves cursor on screen. Pressing buttons on mouse activates activities represented by selected icons. • Trackball – Stationary device with a roller ball on top used to move cursor on screen. • Pointing Stick – Small button-like device which moves cursor in direction of pressure placed on stick.
- 24. 3 - 24Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Pointing DevicesPointing Devices • Touchpad – Small rectangular touch- sensitive surface which moves the cursor in the direction of finger moves on the pad. • Touch Screen – Video display screen that emits a grid of infrared beams, sound waves, or a slight electric current that is broken when the screen is touched.
- 25. 3 - 25Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Pen-based ComputingPen-based Computing Definition: • Pressure-sensitive layer under slate-like liquid crystal display screen and software that digitizes handwriting, hand printing, and hand drawing
- 26. 3 - 26Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Speech Recognition SystemsSpeech Recognition Systems • Discrete – user must pause between each spoken word • Continuous – software can recognize conversationally-paced speech
- 27. 3 - 27Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Optical ScanningOptical Scanning Definition: • Devices that read text or graphics and convert them into digital input for your computer
- 28. 3 - 28Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Optical Character Recognition (OCR)Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Definition: • The machine identification of printed characters through the use of light- sensitive devices
- 29. 3 - 29Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Other Input TechnologiesOther Input Technologies • Magnetic Stripe – devices that read data stored in the magnetic stripe on the back of cards • Smart Cards – devices that read a microprocessor chip embedded in a card
- 30. 3 - 30Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Other Input TechnologiesOther Input Technologies • Digital cameras – devices that allow you to capture, store, and download still photos and full motion pictures • Magnetic Ink Recognition (MICR) – devices that can read characters printed on source documents with an iron oxide- based ink
- 31. 3 - 31Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Output TechnologiesOutput Technologies • Video Output • Printed Output • Voice Response
- 32. 3 - 32Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Video OutputVideo Output • Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) – similar to vacuum tubes in television • Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) – electronic visual displays that form characters by applying an electrical charge to selected silicon crystals
- 33. 3 - 33Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed OutputPrinted Output • Inkjet Printers – spray ink onto the page • Laser Printers – use an electrostatic process similar to a photocopying machine
- 34. 3 - 34Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Storage Trade-OffsStorage Trade-Offs
- 35. 3 - 35Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Semiconductor MemorySemiconductor Memory Characteristics: • Small • Fast • Shock Resistant • Temperature Resistant • Volatile – contents of memory is lost when power is interrupted • Used for Primary Storage
- 36. 3 - 36Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. RAM vs. ROMRAM vs. ROM • Random Access Memory (RAM) – each memory position can be both sensed and changed • Read Only Memory (ROM) – can be read but not erased or overwritten
- 37. 3 - 37Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. FirmwareFirmware Definition: • Frequently used programs which are permanently burned into ROM during manufacture
- 38. 3 - 38Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Magnetic DisksMagnetic Disks Characteristics: • Fast • Large • Reasonably Priced • Used for Secondary Storage
- 39. 3 - 39Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Types of Magnetic DisksTypes of Magnetic Disks • Floppy Disks – single disk inside a protective jacket • Hard Disk Drives – several disks, access arms and read/write heads in a sealed module • Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks (RAID) - disk arrays of interconnected microcomputer hard disk drives
- 40. 3 - 40Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Formatting DisksFormatting Disks
- 41. 3 - 41Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Hard Disk DrivesHard Disk Drives
- 42. 3 - 42Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Optical DisksOptical Disks
- 43. 3 - 43Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Optical DisksOptical Disks
- 44. 3 - 44Copyright © 2006, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Business Applications of Optical DisksBusiness Applications of Optical Disks • Long-term archival storage of historical files of document images • Publishing medium for fast access to reference materials in a convenient compact form • Computer video games, educational videos, multimedia encyclopedias and advertising presentations