Chapter13 Administering Web Resources
- 1. Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment Chapter 13: Administering Web Resources
- 2. Objectives Install and configure Internet Information Services (IIS) Create and configure Web-site virtual servers and virtual directories Configure Web-site authentication Configure and maintain FTP virtual servers Update and maintain security for an IIS server
- 3. Objectives (continued) Create and modify Web folders Install and use the Remote Administration (HTML) tools Install and configure Web-based printing and printer management Troubleshoot Web client-browser connectivity
- 4. Installing and Configuring Internet Information Services Current version is Internet Information Services (IIS) 6.0 IIS provides Web-related services that can be implemented to host a corporate intranet or to provide an Internet presence
- 5. Installing and Configuring Internet Information Services (continued) IIS has four main components: World Wide Web (HTTP) services File Transfer Protocol (FTP) services Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) services Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) services
- 6. Installing Internet Information Services IIS 6.0 is not installed by default Individual IIS components can be manually installed through the Add or Remove Programs applet in the Control Panel
- 7. Installing Internet Information Services (continued)
- 8. Activity 13-1: Installing Internet Information Services Objective: To install IIS components Start Control Panel Add or Remove Programs Add/Remove Windows Components Select and install individual components as directed Note changes on the server, folders created during IIS installation, new accounts in Active Directory, operating system services, Web sharing feature
- 9. Activity 13-2: Viewing System Changes after Installing IIS Objective: To view the changes made to Windows Server 2003 after installing IIS Open Active Directory and browse for the new accounts that have been added: 2 new user accounts and 1 new group account
- 10. Activity 13-2 (continued) Browse various folders that contain files needed for IIS services and open the Services utility: FTP Publishing Service IIS Admin Service Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) World Wide Web Publishing Service Browse properties of a service Stop a service and configure its startup options
- 11. Architectural Changes in IIS 6.0 IIS 6.0 is similar to IIS 5.0 with Windows 2000 Changes relate to how processes are managed and maintained and updated metabase files Metabase now stored in 2 standard XML files MetaBase.xml and MBSchema.xml Human-readable Better read performance Industry-standard data representation Found in %systemroot%\system32\inetsrv
- 12. Architectural Changes in IIS 6.0 (continued)
- 13. Configuring Web Server Properties Primary tool used for configuration of Web Server properties is IIS MMC snap-in Available on Administrative Tools menu Default sites and services include: FTP Sites Application Pools Web Sites Web Service Extensions Default SMTP Virtual Server Default NNTP Virtual Server
- 14. Activity 13-3: Exploring the Internet Information Services MMC Snap-in Objective: To explore the basic MMC snap-in console and navigation Start Administrative Tools Internet Information Services (IIS) Manager Explore the FTP Sites, Application Pools, Web Sites, Web Service Extensions, Default SMTP Virtual Server, and Default NNTP Virtual Server nodes
- 15. Activity 13-3 (continued) Using the IIS tool, master properties can be configured for Web and FTP sites from site-folder level If an individual site is pre-configured when master properties are set, you are prompted whether or not to change the site settings
- 16. Activity 13-4: Viewing and Configuring the Master Properties of the WWW Service Objective: To explore the use of master properties through the configuration of the WWW service From the open IIS Manager window, open the Web Sites folder properties Configure the folder properties as directed Test setting inheritance by viewing the Default Web Site properties
- 17. Creating and Configuring Web-Site Virtual Servers A virtual server is a unique Web site that behaves as if it were on a dedicated server IIS can support many virtual servers on a single server Configuration conflicts are avoided by identifying the IP address, TCP port, and host header name of each Web site and ensuring that the site is uniquely identified through these features
- 18. Activity 13-5: Creating a New Web Site Using the Web Site Creation Wizard Objective: To become familiar with the Web Site Creation Wizard Change the port number of the Default Web Site as directed and verify the change Create a new Web site using the Web Site Creation Wizard Create a default HTML index page for the new site
- 19. Activity 13-6: Creating a New Web Site Using the IISWEB.VBS Script Objective: To explore using the IISWEB.VBS script as an alternative to the IIS tool for Web site creation Start Run type cmd OK Make a new Web site home directory as directed Run the IISWEB.VBS script as directed Verify that the Web site has been created and configured correctly
- 20. Modifying Web-Site Properties Individual Web site parameters can be modified and fine-tuned through the site’s properties Modifying an individual site’s properties does not affect any other sites Modifying an individual site’s properties overrides any configurations set in the master properties at the server level
- 21. Modifying Web-Site Properties (continued)
- 22. Activity 13-7: Configuring Web-Site Properties Objective: To explore and configure the available properties for an individual Web site Open IIS and the Properties of the site to be configured Configure settings as directed Create an html file and configure it as a footer Customize an error message Verify the configured settings
- 23. Creating Virtual Directories A virtual directory points to a shared folder on the server An alias name can be created Hides the real directory name Can simplify the path to the folder Clients can access a virtual directory by appending the alias name to the Web-site host name
- 24. Activity 13-8: Creating and Configuring a Virtual Directory Objective: To familiarize students with the process of creating and configuring a virtual directory Create and configure a new shared folder Create a new index file for the Web site Open and use the Virtual Directory Creation Wizard to create a virtual directory with an alias Explore Properties and verify proper configuration of the site
- 25. Configuring Authentication for Web Sites Authentication is the determination of whether or not a user account has the proper permissions to access a resource such as a Web site IIS provides five levels of authentication: Anonymous access Basic authentication Digest authentication Integrated Windows authentication .NET Passport authentication
- 26. Anonymous Access and Basic Authentication Anonymous access Users do not need to provide a user name and password Uses the IUSR_servername user account to provide authentication credentials Basic authentication User is prompted to supply a user name and password User needs a valid Windows Server 2003 user account One drawback is that information is transmitted using unencrypted Base64 encoding (easy to hack)
- 27. Digest Authentication and Integrated Windows Authentication Digest authentication Similar to basic authentication but hashes user name and password using MD5 algorithm Has specific software and Active Directory requirements Integrated Windows authentication Does not prompt for password Uses client’s logged on credentials Used primarily for internal intranets, has specific permissions requirements
- 28. .NET Passport Authentication and Multiple Authentications .NET Passport authentication New method currently in testing to use the .NET Passport service Will require preproduction tests and a registration process If multiple authentication methods are configured, specific rules apply concerning precedence and applicability
- 29. Activity 13-9: Configuring and Testing Web-Site Authentication Options Objective: To configure and compare two of the Web-site authentication options Discover the current configuration using the IIS Manager tool Explore the effect of the current configuration on Web-site access Change the configuration and explore the effect of the change
- 30. Configuring Server Certificates and Secure Sockets Layer The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol encrypts Web traffic between a client and a Web server Configured from the Directory Security tab of the properties of a Web site Users access a secure server using https:// prefix SSL requires a server certificate from a certificate authority or from installed certificate services
- 31. Configuring FTP Virtual Servers The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used for file transfers between computers running TCP/IP FTP service is included with IIS 6.0 FTP uses two ports (TCP ports 20 and 21) Port 21 carries connection initiation and diagnosis information Port 20 carries data FTP uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Connection-based protocol, session precedes data transfer
- 32. File Transfer Protocol Features of TCP include: Sending computer waits for an acknowledgement and retransmits data if it is not received Packets are assigned a sequence number Packets contain a checksum for ensuring integrity FTP requires a server running FTP server software and clients must run FTP client software There are many free and shareware utilities that can be downloaded for running FTP
- 33. Configuring FTP Properties Multiple FTP sites can be configured on a single IIS 6.0 server Each site operates independently and runs transparently Each site has property sheets that can be customized independently
- 34. Configuring FTP Properties (continued)
- 35. Activity 13-10: Configuring and Testing the Default FTP Site Objective: To become familiar with the process of configuring and testing an existing Web site Open the IIS Manager tool and the Properties of the Default FTP Site Browse and configure various settings of the site Log on as an anonymous user to test the site configuration
- 36. Activity 13-11: Creating and Testing a New FTP Site and Configuring a Virtual Directory Objective: To create an FTP site that includes a virtual directory located on a different server Create new folders for FTP site and configure permissions and IP address as directed Use the FTP Site Creation Wizard to create a site Use the Virtual Directory Creation Wizard to create a new virtual directory Test the site by logging on and transferring a file
- 37. Updating and Maintaining Security for an IIS Server Sensitivity to security issues is always important for information published on the Internet Issues of importance in security and maintenance for an IIS server: Alternatives to securing access to information Performing backups Stopping and starting IIS related services Applying updates
- 38. Resource Permissions Two types of permissions to secure Web resources NTFS permissions IIS permissions The effective permission is always the most restrictive of configured permissions NTFS permissions Normal NTFS file permissions can be applied to Web pages and virtual directories Can be assigned to users and groups individually
- 39. Resource Permissions (continued) IIS permissions Always global Can be configured for Web sites and FTP virtual servers, virtual directories, physical directories, files Can set Read and/or Write permissions Can set Execute permission if site contains scripts or executables
- 40. Activity 13-12: Configuring IIS and NTFS Permissions Objective: To explore the use of both IIS and NTFS permissions for protecting Web content Open the IIS Manager tool and access the Properties of a Web site to configure IIS permissions Test the IIS permissions as directed Open the Properties of the Web content folder to configure NTFS permissions Test the NTFS permissions as directed
- 41. IP Address and Domain Name Security Can secure Web content by controlling access based on the IP address of the client Access can be explicitly granted or denied Access can be controlled for a specific IP address or a range of IP addresses
- 42. Activity 13-13: Testing IP Address Restrictions Objective: To explore securing Web content using restrictions on IP addresses Open the IIS Manager tool and the Properties of the Web site From the Directory Security tab, edit the IP Address and Domain Name Restrictions to deny access to a specific IP address Test the restrictions as directed
- 43. Starting and Stopping Services and Backing UP the IIS Configuration IIS 6.0 allows you to start and stop services through the IIS console IIS 6.0 stores configuration settings in the IIS metabase that can be backed up Using the Backup utility in the IIS console By copying contents of the backup directory to a folder By exporting contents using the metabase editor By using the IISBACK.VBS script By backing up System State data using Backup utility
- 44. Activity 13-14: Backing Up the IIS Configuration Objective: To explore the use of the backup and restore facilities of IIS Open the IIS Manager tool and Backup/Restore Configuration facility for the server Create a backup as directed Verify the backup Restore the metabase from the backup as directed
- 45. Updating IIS 6.0 Common updates to IIS are service packs and hot fixes Before updating, perform a full backup of server Updates are often released to fix security issues Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer helps determine which IIS hot fixes are installed
- 46. Creating and Modifying Web Folders A Web folder is a shared folder designed to be accessed using HTTP or FTP Use the Web Sharing tab of the folder Properties to configure the folder Web folders can use an alias name The Edit Alias dialog box allows you to set the name, access permissions, and application permissions Network clients can open a Web-based file using Internet Explorer, My Network Places, Microsoft Office XP
- 47. Activity 13-15: Configuring Web Folders and Exploring Access Methods Objective: To become familiar with configuring and accessing a Web shared folder Create a new folder and file Configure the folder using the Web Sharing tab of the folder’s Properties Open the IIS Manager tool and verify that the virtual directory appears Open Internet Explorer to examine the folder and file
- 48. Installing and Using Remote Administration (HTML) Tools Remote Administration (HTML) tools support the ability to manage IIS servers remotely via a Web browser interface On Windows Server 2003, these tools are not installed by default Tools must added manually via the Add/Remove Windows Components feature of Control Panel
- 49. Activity 13-16: Install and Explore the Remote Administration (HTML) Tools Objective: To explore the installation process and to examine various settings from Internet Explorer Start Control Panel Add or Remove Programs Add/Remove Windows Components Install the tools as directed Open Internet Explorer, configure the site, and connect to the Remote Administration Web site Browse the site as directed
- 50. Installing and Configuring Internet Printing Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) Allows printers to be managed via a Web browser Allows clients to send print jobs using HTTP Requires the installation of IIS and the Internet Printing component Internet Printing requires that the Internet Printing Web Service Extension and the Active Server Pages Extension be explicitly enabled
- 51. Activity 13-17: Configuring and Managing Internet Printing Objective: to explore Internet Printing settings, manage printers from IE, and install a printer to use Internet Printing Use the IIS Manager tool to configure Internet Printing on the server Use Internet Explorer to view printers and their properties Install a printer to use Internet Printing and verify that the printer port is configured correctly
- 52. Troubleshooting Web Client Connectivity Problems Client access problems are not uncommon If a user is unable to access an IIS Server Check TCP/IP configuration settings, proxy settings, connections, set up error messages, use a protocol analyzer If a user is unable to access a Web or FTP site Check permissions, authentication methods, IP address and domain name restrictions, connection limits, port numbers, user accounts, invalid cached DNS information
- 53. Summary Internet Information Services (IIS) 6.0 is an application in Windows Server 2003 used to develop and host Web- and FTP-based services Four main components to IIS: World Wide Web (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP), and Simple Main Transfer Protocol (SMTP) services IIS components must be manually installed
- 54. Summary (continued) IIS configuration information is stored in two XML files known as the metabase The IIS MMC snap-in (the IIS Manager tool) is the primary tool for IIS configuration Virtual servers are unique Web or FTP sites that behave as though they are on dedicated servers IIS provides five levels of authentication to validate users trying to access a Web site Web communications can be encrypted using the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol
- 55. Summary (continued) To maintain an IIS server, an administrator should use security features, perform backups, start and stop IIS services, and apply updates Remote Administration (HTML) tools are used to manage IIS 6.0 servers remotely The Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) allows printers to be managed via Web browser and allows clients to sent print jobs using HTTP Configurations can cause user access problems to either an IIS Server or a Web or FTP site, note the things to check first