ChapterPM_1.pptx for the course project management

Chapter 1: General
Introduction

Planning Ahead — Key Takeaways
◦Meaning and Definition of project
◦Features of a Project
◦Projects and Plans

7
Exercise
 Planning a wedding
 Designing and implementing a computer system
 Hosting a holiday party
 Designing and producing a brochure
 Executing an environmental clean-up of a
contaminated site
 Holding a high school reunion
 Performing a series of surgeries on an accident
victim

1. Meaning and Definition of Project?
What is a Project?
The Project Management Institute's (PMI) : ".... a
temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique
product or service/result.
 Temporary means that every project has a definite
end.
 Unique means that the product or service is different
in some distinguishing way from all similar
products or services."

Cont’d.
 Turner defines a project as: ".....an endeavour in which
◦ human, (or machine), material and financial
resources are organised in a novel way,
◦ to undertake a unique scope of work,
◦ of given specification,
◦ within constraints of cost and time,
◦ so as to deliver beneficial change defined by
quantitative and qualitative objectives.“

Cont’d.
A project can be considered to be any series of
activities and tasks that:
 Have a specific objective to be completed within
certain specifications
 Have defined start and end date
Have funding limits (if applicable)
 Consume human and nonhuman resources (i.e.,
money, people, equipment)
 Are multifunctional (i.e., cut across several
functional lines)

….
 Traditionally work in the construction industry and
defense procurement were seen as projects, but in
recent years most pro-active companies are
structuring their work as projects (management-by-
projects) and using project management techniques to

7
Examples of Projects
 Developing a new product or service
 Effecting change in the structure, staffing, or
style of an organization
 Developing or acquiring information system
 Construction a building or infrastructure
 Implementing a new business process or
procedure

Types of Projects 1 (FPM2ed p.21)
 Construction Projects
 Engineering Projects
 Defence Projects
 Aerospace Projects
 Offshore Projects
 Advertising and Marketing Projects

 Petrochemical Projects
 Computer Projects
 IT Projects
 Product Development Projects
 Banking Projects

u Advertising Projects
u Marketing Projects
u Up-Grade Projects
u Event Management

u Sports Events
u Music Concerts
u Fashion Shows
u Disaster Recovery Projects

Primary Features of a Project:
a. A start and finish (although they may be difficult to
define - the start may have crystallized over a period
of time and the end may be a slow phase out).
b. A life-cycle (a beginning and an end, with a
number of distinct phases in between).
c. A budget with an associated cash-flow.
d. Activities that are essentially unique and non-
repetitive.

Cont’d….
e. Use of resources, which may be from different
departments and need coordinating.
f. A single point of responsibility (i.e. the project
manager).
g. Team roles and relationships that are subject to
change and need to be developed, defined and
established(team building).
14

Project Management
Project management is defined by the body of knowledge
as:
 The application of knowledge, skills, tools and
techniques to project activities
 To meet stakeholder's needs and expectations from a
project."
 Purpose of a project: to meet stakeholders needs and
expectations. Fundamental requirement:
 who are the stakeholders (besides the client) and analyse their
needs and expectations
 to define, at the outset, the project's scope of work and
objectives)

Importance of Project Management
 Project management effectively controls
organizational change, allowing organizations to
introduce new products, new processes, and new
programs effectively.
 Projects are becoming more complex, making
them more difficult to control without a formal
management structure.
18

Importance of Project Management
 Projects with substantially different
characteristics, especially in IT, are emerging.
 Project management helps cross-functional teams
to become more effective.
19

Project Management Process
1. Initiating
2. Planning
3. Execution
4. Monitoring and Controlling and
5. Closing
20

Managing a project
 Identifying requirements
 addressing various needs, concerns, and
expectorations of stakeholders
 balancing competing project constraints: scope,
quality, schedule, budget, resources, and risk
21

Project Manager
 Person assigned by performing organization to achieve
the project objectives.
 Single point of responsibility,
 integrates and co-ordinates all the contributions,
 Guides to successfully complete the project
22

Project and Plans
Project planning is
 a logical process to ensure the work of your
project can be carried out: in an organized and
structured manner;
 reducing risks and uncertainty to a minimum;
 establishing clear standards of quality and
performance;
 securing the results in the minimum time and
cost.

Project and Plans
 Regardless of project sizes, a workable and effective
plan are a must to every project.
 Project planning is the pre-formulation stage in the
total project life cycle.
 Involves scanning of the environment to find out
investment opportunities.
 Projects have to be planned within the framework of
business strategies or national policy directives
24

Plan of A Project
Defined Plan of a Project will include the
following:
 A subject – Purpose of the project (intention)
 A start point – (present situation at
commencement, what to do?)
 A target outcome – ( A situation on project
completion)
 The cost budget - the amount of resources to be
committed for the project

Cont’d.
 A quality result – (based on project standards
accomplishments must be met) i.e. some essential
ingredients of the outcome.
 A study date/time – for careful study and
decisions.
 A project date to final completion (end result)

Programme Management (FPM2ed p.33)

Nine Factors Critical to
the Success of Many Projects
 Clearly defined goals
 Competent project manager
 Top management support
 Competent project team members
 Sufficient resource allocation
 Adequate communication channels
 Effective control mechanisms
 Use of feedback for improvement
 Responsiveness to clients
28
J. Pinto and D. Slevin (1987)

ChapterPM_1.pptx for the course project management

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