Charles Chesnutt was an influential African American author born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1858. He became a legal stenographer in 1884 and had a court reporting business while also writing short stories. Though his novels were not published until after his death in 1932, he is seen as inaugurating the African American literary tradition with his short stories. Many of his works used themes of magic, racism, hope, and marriage while also addressing issues of slavery, the plantation system, and passing as white.