The document discusses various pulmonary and mediastinal abnormalities seen on imaging of chest X-rays and CT scans. These include bilateral alveolar destruction from tuberculosis in an HIV-positive patient who died, likely from Pneumocystis pneumonia; aspergillus mycetoma; radiation pneumonitis in a patient with a history of chest radiotherapy; and encysted pleural effusion and loculated hydropneumothorax from HIV-related tuberculosis. Other findings discussed include lung masses that may represent primary or metastatic cancers, mediastinal widening from conditions like non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or enlarged lymph nodes in an HIV-positive patient.