Abstract image of a woman sitting on books and studying on a laptop

Chinese Thinking Patterns or Errors

Download as PPTX, PDF
G
gueste134aa

This document summarizes Dr. Foo KoongHean's research on proposed Chinese thinking patterns and errors. It is based on the author's experience in therapy with Chinese clients, feedback from other therapists, and a review of literature. It identifies several common attitudes and beliefs among Chinese populations, such as viewing life events as outside one's control, unrealistic expectations around education and family, and prioritizing saving face. Each proposed thinking pattern is defined and an example is given. The document is intended to contribute to understanding Chinese clients and improving therapy outcomes.

EducationEntertainment & HumorTechnology
1 of 36
Downloaded 114 times
1
2
3
Most read
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Chinese Thinking Patterns or ErrorsDr. Foo, KoongHeanJames Cook University, Singapore CAMPUS28 August 2009
Chinese populationMost populous in the world (e.g., China, 1,330,044,544 (July 2008 est., http://geography.about.com)Constitute 76.4% of people in Singapore (4,608,167 July 2008 est., focusSingapore.com)Main constituent among Asians in New Zealand (18.9% of 4,173,460July 2008 est., newzealand.govt.nz)Up and coming business peopleBiggest group of clients/patients?
Sources of PaperPersonal experience in therapy with clients Feedback from MHPs on therapy and Chinese clients (presented at the 1st Asian CBT Conference in Hong Kong)Survey with class of multicultural Singaporean students on positive psychologyVerified with participants at the 2nd Asian CBT Conference in ThailandPublished articles
Sources of PaperBasing on Automatic (Negative)Thoughts by Aaron T. Beck and Common False Beliefs by Adele B. LynnCombining and Modifying the said Thoughts and BeliefsProposed new definitions and labels
Aaron T. Beck’s List of (-ve) Automatic Thoughts
Aaron T. Beck’s List of (-ve) Automatic Thoughts
Common False Beliefs for the Business World by Adele B. Lynn
Common False Beliefs for the Business World by Adele B. Lynn
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsNot meant to hurt anyone’s feelingsNot meant to be exhaustiveApply to many but not all Would hopefully contribute to therapyNeed MHPs and researchers to verify them in their work; and provide feedback for improvement
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards LifeMuch of life is outside my control Matching Labels: Emotional Reasoning; Magnification/minimization; Sources of ProblemsProposed New Label: Matter of FateExamples:“Life is such. It’s my luck.” “Oh, I'm the most unlucky person in life.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards LifeChildren will grow up and outgrow problemsMatching Label: Unrealistic ExpectationsProposed New Label: Unrealistic Expectations (redefined)Examples:“My job is to bring up my kid(s); the school’s role is to discipline them.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards LifeEducation is the ticket to career and life, happiness and prosperityMatching Labels: All-or-Nothing; Emotional Reasoning; Should & Must; CompetitionProposed New Label: Unrealistic Expectations (redefined)Examples:“Education come first, play or sports or rest come later.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards LifeOlder folks are always like this. They are beyond changeMatching Labels: Labelling; Others cause MiseryNew Label: Beyond ChangeExamples:“The older folks never shed their spots. Always grumpy, nagging, nothing to do, while their time away at void decks, etc.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards LifeFamily problems stay within the homeMatching Labels: Personalisation; Others cause Misery; AvoidanceNew Label: Keeping Secrets Examples:“Never say or spread your family problems outside the home. That’ll be bad for reputation of the family.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards EnvironmentLack of awareness of surrounding. Self-centred thinking/viewpointMatching Label: Mind Reading; Tunnel Vision; Unrealistic ExpectationsNew Label: Self-centrednessExamples:“Yes, you can get it from that shop.”“Oh yes, it good for you.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards EnvironmentExpensive stuff is good. Anything discounted or free is good. Take first and complain laterMatching Labels: All-or-Nothing; Should & Must; Mental FilterNew Label: All-or-Nothing (redefined)Examples:“Don’t have never mind, if I have it, it is fine.”“Better to have it than lose it or let others have it.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards EnvironmentAvoid difficult situationsMatching Labels: Tunnel Vision; Avoidance; Others cause Misery; NegativityNew Label: Face-savingExamples:“It’s all because of them, why do they do such things, so reckless.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Health and IllnessWestern illness Western medicine; Eastern illness Eastern medicineMatching Labels: Should & Must; The PastNew Label: The PastExamples:“My parents believed in Chinese medicine for its gentle effect and its ability to eradicate the roots of the disease. I was more inclined to use Western medicine for its immediate effect in treating signs and symptoms.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Health and IllnessQuick fix is the preferred treatment mode for any illnessMatching Label: Emotional Reasoning; Personalisation; Should & MustNew Label: PragmaticExamples:“Can I get well with just this session?” “How much?”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Health and IllnessSomatisation of illnessMatching Label: Worry, Fret and FearNew Label: Face-savingExamples:“Oh, I’ve got this backache. Must have overworked myself.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Health and IllnessTraditional healing system is still goodMatching Label: Should & Must; The PastNew Label: The PastExamples:“The shaman or bomoh can help relieve my problems if the doctor cannot.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Health and IllnessMental illness is stigmatized and equated with crazinessMatching Labels: All-or-Nothing; Emotional Reasoning; Labelling; Overgeneralization; Avoidance; NegativityNew Label: All-or-Nothing Examples:“Don’t go near someone with this illness. Mental illness could be contagious.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Health and IllnessThe sick usually plays up the sick roleMatching Labels: Disqualifying or Discounting the Positive; Over-generalization; Need approval; Unrealistic Expectations; CatastrophizeNew Label: My TurnExamples:“I’ve been looking after all of you, now that I’m sick, it’s your turn to look after me.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Health and IllnessChinese coping skills are problem- or emotion-focusedMatching Label: Emotional Reasoning; Mental Filter; Should & Must; Source of ProblemsNew Label: PragmaticExamples:“Go for the problem or the solution.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Religion/SpiritualityMany Chinese Singaporeans are brought up under Confucianism, Taoism, or Buddhism. However, a good many are now Christian convertsMatching Label: Emotional Reasoning; Over-generalization; Personalisation; Changing Others; The Past; Unrealistic ExpectationsNew Label: Matter of FaithExamples:“My faith is in Christianity or Buddhism or Taoism; therefore, I’ll do/not do this and that because of my faith/religion/belief.
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards RelationshipsAuthority is always rightMatching Labels: Labelling; Mental Filter; Overgeneralization; Mental FilterNew Label: The AuthorityExamples:“Because they are trained or in charge, they must know how and have answers to my problems.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards RelationshipsHave to compare with others—from objects to pay to children to houses to jobsBe competent or cannot lose to others. Matching Label: Mind Reading; Personalisation; CompetitionNew Label: Competition (existing)Examples:“I must show them I can do it. I cannot let myself down.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards RelationshipsNeed to tell others what to doMatching Label: Changing OthersNew Label: Changing Others (existing)Examples:“These people don’t know what they are missing. They have not learnt this.” “They are not aware of this, I must tell/teach them.” Note: This is done in spite of not knowing the whole truth of the matter themselves; i.e., not asking for or learning of information on matter but like to advise on them.
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards RelationshipsNeed to please othersMatching Label: Needing Approval; Making mistakesNew Label: Needing Approval (existing)Examples:“I must not let them be unhappy with me.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards RelationshipsThe capable/rich and better off should automatically help the less well offMatching Label: Should & Must; Unrealistic ExpectationsNew Label: The AuthorityExamples:“You are capable and rich, therefore you must help me.”
Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards RelationshipsFilial piety—relating to face, entails loyalty, devotion, respect and obedience to one’s parents, especially the father, and the family’s nameMatching Label: Emotional Reasoning; Should & Must; Needing Approval; Avoidance; The PastNew Label: Filial PietyExamples:“It is my duty to look after my parents and/or grandparents. They come before anything else.”
Chinese Thinking Patternsor ErrorsThank you for your attention.Questions?
ReferencesBeck, J. S. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. New York: Guilford Press. Bishop, George D. (1998). Cognitive organization of disease concepts in Singapore. Psychology & Health, 13(1), 12-133. Chan, E. A., Cheung, K., Mok, E., Cheung, S., & Tong, E. (2006). A narrative inquiry into the Hong Kong Chinese adults’ concepts of health through their cultural stories. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43, 301-309. Chan, S. W. C., Chiu, H. F. K., Chien, W.-T., Thompson, D. R., & Lam, L. (2006). Quality of life in Chinese elderly people with depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 312–318. Chen, G.-M. (1997). Seniority and superiority: A case analysis of Chinese decision making. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association. Chicago, Illinois. Chen, J., Chiu, C.-Y., Roese, N. J., Tam, K.-P. & Lau, I. Y.-M. (2006). Culture and counterfactuals: On the importance of life domains. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(1), 75-84. Cheng, C. (2003). Toward a cognitive-affective-social theory of mental and physical health: The Chinese case. Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 4(2), 153-159. Cheng, Y. H., & Lee, P. W. H. (1988). Illness behaviour in Chinese medical students. Psychologia, 31(4) 207-216.  Cheung, S. F., Cheung, F. M., Howard, R., & Lim, Y.-H. (2006). Personality across the ethnic divide in Singapore: Are ‘‘Chinese Traits’’ uniquely Chinese? Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 467–477. Chiles, J. A., Strosahl, K. D., Zheng, Y. P., Michael, M. C., Hall, K., Jemelka, R., et al. (1989). Depression, hopelessness, and suicidal behavior in Chinese and American psychiatric patients. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 146(3), 339-344. Chong, A. M.-L., Ng, S.-H., Woo, J., & Kwan, A. Y.-H. (2006). Positive ageing: The views of middle-aged and older adults in Hong Kong. Ageing & Society, 26, 243–265. Foo, K. H., Merrick, P. L., Kazantzis, N., & Williams, M. W. (2006, May). Cognitive behaviour therapy in New Zealand and Singapore: From a doctoral study and personal experience. In L. Hatzipetrou (Chair), CBT programs in Asian-Pacific Regions. Symposium conducted at the 1st Asian Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) Conference: Evidence-based Assessment, Theory & Treatment, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Guan, S. (2000). A comparison of Sino-American thinking patterns and the function of the Chinese characters in the difference. In D. R. Heisey (Ed.), Chinese perspectives in rhetoric and communication: Advances in communication and culture (pp. 25-41). USA: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
References Ho, C. (2004). Cultural and individual differences in rational thinking. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 65(5-B), 2608. Hou, Y., Zhu, Y., & Peng, K. (2003). Thinking style and disease cognitions among Chinese people. Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 4(2), 161-180. Hsu, K.-Y. (2006). The relationship between Chinese dialectical thinking and the Implicit Theory of Personality-Behavior Association. Chinese Journal of Psychology, 48(3), 291-313.  Jang, Y. (1995). Chinese culture and occupational therapy. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58(3), 103-106. Lam, C. L. K., Catarivas, M. G., & Lauder, I. J. (1995). A pill for every ill? Family Practice, 12, 171-175. Lei, T., Askeroth, C., & Lee, C.-T. (2004). Indigenous Chinese healing: Theories and methods. In U. P. Gielen, J. M. Fish, & J. G. Draguns, Handbook of culture, therapy, and healing (pp. 191-212). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Liu, L. (2006). Quality of life as a social representation in China: A qualitative study. Social Indicators Research, 75, 217–240. Lynn, A. B. (2004). The EQ difference: A powerful plan for putting emotional intelligence to work. New York: American Management Association. Lynn, A. B. (2004). The EQ difference: A powerful plan for putting emotional intelligence to work. New York: American Management Association. Peng, K., Spencer-Rodgers, J. & Nian, Z. (2006). Naïve dialecticism and the Tao of Chinese thought. In U. Kim, K.-S. Yang, & K.-K. Hwang, Indigenous and cultural psychology: Understanding people in context (pp. 247-262). New York: Springer Science and Business Media.Pritzker, Sonya. (2007) .Thinking Hearts, Feeling Brains: Metaphor, Culture, and the Self in Chinese Narratives of Depression, Metaphor and Symbol, 22(3), 251-274. Maxwell, J. P., & Siu, O.L. (2008). The Chinese coping strategies scale: Relationships with aggression, anger, and rumination in a diverse sample of Hong Kong Chinese adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1049–1059. Norenzayan, A. (2001). Rule-based and experience-based thinking: The cognitive consequences of intellectual traditions. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 62(6-B), 2992. 
References Oakland, T., & Lu, L. (2006). Temperament styles of children from the People’s Republic of China and the United States. School Psychology International, 27(2), 192–208. Romanowski, M. H. (2006). A changing nation: Issues facing Chinese teachers. KAPPA DELTA PI RECORD 77-82. Ryder, A. G., Yang, J., Zhu, X., Yao, S., Yi, J., Heine, S. J., et al. (2008). The cultural shaping of depression: Somatic symptoms in China, psychological symptoms in North America? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(2), 300–313. Schwartz, P. Y. (1998). Depressive symptomatology and somatic complaints in the acculturation of Chinese immigrants. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 59(5-B), 2434. Statistics Singapore (2008, October 19). Singapore total population. Singapore Department of Statistics. Retrieved October 19, 2008 from http://www.singstat.gov.sg/keystats Tang, J. M. (2004). Are Asian thinking styles different? Acculturation and thinking styles in a Chinese Canadian population. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 65(3-B), 1573. Tang, Y. (2000). Chinese idioms from an epistemological perspective. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 2000, 35(1) 1-28. Wang, F. (2004). Confucian thinking in traditional moral education: Key ideas and fundamental features. Journal of Moral Education, 33(4), 429-447. Weber, E. U., Ames, D. R., & Blais, A.-R. (2005). ‘How do I choose thee? Let me count the ways’: A textual analysis of similarities and differences in modes of decision-making in China and the United States. Management and Organization Review, 1(1), 87-118. Wilson, S. R. (1996). East Asian international students' stressors and coping behaviors. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 57(3-A), 1022-??.. Wong, D. F. K., Sun, S. Y. K., Tse, J., & Wong, F. (2002). Evaluating the outcomes of a cognitive-behavioral group intervention model for persons at risk of developing mental health problems in Hong Kong: A pretest-posttest study. Research on Social Work Practice, 12(4); 534-545. 
ReferencesWong, O.-N., C., & Piran, N. (1995). Western biases and assumptions as impediments in counselling traditional Chinese clients. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 29(2), 107-119. Wong, V. & Chiu, S. (2005). Towards a Confucian notion of youth development in Hong Kong. The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 25(10-11), 14-36. Yang, K., & Victor, C. R. (2008). The prevalence of and risk factors for loneliness among older people in China. Ageing & Society, 28, 305–327. Zhang, J., & Jin, S. (1998). Interpersonal relations and suicide ideation in China. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs.  124.n1 (Feb 1998): 79(16).  

More Related Content

PPT
Ruth Golomb - Clinical Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Trichotillo...
IOCDF
 
PPTX
Individual Therapy w/ Case Study
Claudia L
 
PPTX
Empower Yourself! Child Anxiety and Depression - Dr. Leibu - 10.10.19
Summit Health
 
PPTX
Perrie Merlin - Working With Fristrated Families
IOCDF
 
PPTX
The cognitive approach to abnormality (2)
clivecaines
 
PPTX
Stacey Conroy - Treating OCD and SUD Tools for Effective Treatment
IOCDF
 
PPTX
Steven Tsao - Perfectionism and Eating Disorder: Personal and Professional Pe...
IOCDF
 
PPTX
what is happening? Pregnancy
Shewikar El Bakry
 
Ruth Golomb - Clinical Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Trichotillo...
IOCDF
 
Individual Therapy w/ Case Study
Claudia L
 
Empower Yourself! Child Anxiety and Depression - Dr. Leibu - 10.10.19
Summit Health
 
Perrie Merlin - Working With Fristrated Families
IOCDF
 
The cognitive approach to abnormality (2)
clivecaines
 
Stacey Conroy - Treating OCD and SUD Tools for Effective Treatment
IOCDF
 
Steven Tsao - Perfectionism and Eating Disorder: Personal and Professional Pe...
IOCDF
 
what is happening? Pregnancy
Shewikar El Bakry
 

What's hot (20)

PDF
LBrinkworthProcessBook_050715_Distilled
Lindsey Brinkworth
 
PPT
Enhancing Motivation to Change
TeenMentalHealth.org
 
PPTX
Managing Teen Anxiety
Summit Health
 
PPT
AS Abnormal Psychology Cognitive model
Jill Jan
 
PPTX
Beck et al
Hari Louise
 
DOCX
Counseling theories and its importance
MOE, Fiji
 
PDF
Brief Interventions for Substance Using Adolescents
California School-Based Health Alliance
 
PPT
Cbt by dr usman hotiana oct 22, 2015
Usman Amin
 
PPTX
Anxiety Disorders in Kids...An Overview for Parents and Teachers
Stephen Grcevich, MD
 
PPTX
Parenting an anxious child
Pallav Pareek
 
PPTX
Psychotherapy for adolescents
Muhammad Musawar Ali
 
PPTX
Jon Hershfield - Applying Mindfulness to Traditional CBT Tools How to Enhanc...
IOCDF
 
PPTX
Stress Management for Adults
Summit Health
 
PPTX
Cognitive therapy outcome for the treatment of schizophrenia
John G. Kuna, PsyD
 
PPTX
Treatment and therapy
MrAguiar
 
PPT
PSYC1101 - Chapter 15, 4th Edition PowerPoint
hunzikerCCC
 
PPT
Psychological health
kumar mahi
 
PPTX
Supporting Young People with Mental Health Difficulties: Parents and Educator...
TeenMentalHealth.org
 
PDF
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (cbt) : preparing organisations for psychological...
Seta Wicaksana
 
PPTX
Family therapy & counselling
Anusha J
 
LBrinkworthProcessBook_050715_Distilled
Lindsey Brinkworth
 
Enhancing Motivation to Change
TeenMentalHealth.org
 
Managing Teen Anxiety
Summit Health
 
AS Abnormal Psychology Cognitive model
Jill Jan
 
Beck et al
Hari Louise
 
Counseling theories and its importance
MOE, Fiji
 
Brief Interventions for Substance Using Adolescents
California School-Based Health Alliance
 
Cbt by dr usman hotiana oct 22, 2015
Usman Amin
 
Anxiety Disorders in Kids...An Overview for Parents and Teachers
Stephen Grcevich, MD
 
Parenting an anxious child
Pallav Pareek
 
Psychotherapy for adolescents
Muhammad Musawar Ali
 
Jon Hershfield - Applying Mindfulness to Traditional CBT Tools How to Enhanc...
IOCDF
 
Stress Management for Adults
Summit Health
 
Cognitive therapy outcome for the treatment of schizophrenia
John G. Kuna, PsyD
 
Treatment and therapy
MrAguiar
 
PSYC1101 - Chapter 15, 4th Edition PowerPoint
hunzikerCCC
 
Psychological health
kumar mahi
 
Supporting Young People with Mental Health Difficulties: Parents and Educator...
TeenMentalHealth.org
 
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (cbt) : preparing organisations for psychological...
Seta Wicaksana
 
Family therapy & counselling
Anusha J
 
Ad

Viewers also liked (20)

PPT
Think Like Chinese
Haihua Zhang
 
PDF
Five Thinking Errors Sabotaging Your Brain
Adam Sicinski
 
DOCX
Social Psychology- errors and biases
Ronan Cleary
 
PPT
Boss2 ppt ch04
dborcoman
 
PPTX
Chapter 12 Reasoning!
VickD
 
PPTX
Thinking Errors: Understanding and Addressing Them to Improve Recovery
Dr. DawnElise Snipes ★AllCEUs★ Unlimited Counselor Training
 
PPT
Thinking and Reasoning
Ariadne Cara Santos, RPm
 
PPT
Andersons/Blooms Revised Taxonomy
sherberts
 
PDF
Thinking and reasoning
Nursing Path
 
PDF
Thinking, reasoning, decision making, and problem solving: All in one Present...
Hathib KK
 
PPTX
Chapter 7 Thinking, intelligenc, and Language
Heather Powell
 
PPT
Thiniking
anasejazbutt
 
PPTX
Thinking presentation
mvainio
 
PPTX
PSYCHOLOGY-Thinking and Problem Solving
Blixs Phire
 
ODP
Miedo Jajjjajajja
Yarex Mussa Gonzalez
 
PPTX
SPSS: Data Editor
DataminingTools Inc
 
PPT
Survival Strategies For Testers
Erik Altena
 
PPS
Quantica Construction Search
QSSCONSTRUCT
 
PPTX
WEKA: Introduction To Weka
DataminingTools Inc
 
DOC
建築師法修正草案總說明
Filip Yang
 
Think Like Chinese
Haihua Zhang
 
Five Thinking Errors Sabotaging Your Brain
Adam Sicinski
 
Social Psychology- errors and biases
Ronan Cleary
 
Boss2 ppt ch04
dborcoman
 
Chapter 12 Reasoning!
VickD
 
Thinking Errors: Understanding and Addressing Them to Improve Recovery
Dr. DawnElise Snipes ★AllCEUs★ Unlimited Counselor Training
 
Thinking and Reasoning
Ariadne Cara Santos, RPm
 
Andersons/Blooms Revised Taxonomy
sherberts
 
Thinking and reasoning
Nursing Path
 
Thinking, reasoning, decision making, and problem solving: All in one Present...
Hathib KK
 
Chapter 7 Thinking, intelligenc, and Language
Heather Powell
 
Thiniking
anasejazbutt
 
Thinking presentation
mvainio
 
PSYCHOLOGY-Thinking and Problem Solving
Blixs Phire
 
Miedo Jajjjajajja
Yarex Mussa Gonzalez
 
SPSS: Data Editor
DataminingTools Inc
 
Survival Strategies For Testers
Erik Altena
 
Quantica Construction Search
QSSCONSTRUCT
 
WEKA: Introduction To Weka
DataminingTools Inc
 
建築師法修正草案總說明
Filip Yang
 
Ad

Similar to Chinese Thinking Patterns or Errors (20)

PPT
Kol ami presentation 9.12.10.2
Tampa Jewish Family Services
 
DOCX
Comprehensive Client Family Assessment Demographic.docx
AASTHA76
 
PPT
The Emotional Dynamics ES
Tampa Jewish Family Services
 
PPTX
Au Psy492 E Portfolio Template For Slide Share Revised
charmaine03
 
PPT
The Emotional Dynamics ABS
Tampa Jewish Family Services
 
PPT
The Emotional Dynamics
Tampa Jewish Family Services
 
PPT
Adlerian Theory
Apple Prieto
 
DOCX
Assignment Assessing and Treating Patients With ADHDNot onl.docx
salmonpybus
 
DOCX
Therapies13Enduring Issues in TherapiesInsight Therapi.docx
ssusera34210
 
PPT
Cognitive behaviour therapy dr veera balaji
Veera Balaji kumar veeraswamy
 
PDF
The Use Of Psychoanalytic Concepts In Therapy With Families Hilary A Davies
nanelibhz
 
DOCX
For that topic, determine what is the main question that you .docx
greg1eden90113
 
PPT
Making Ethical Choices: Self-Reflection and Beyond
John Gavazzi
 
DOCX
FAMILY ASSESSMENT 1FAMILY ASSESSMENTIn.docx
mglenn3
 
DOCX
FAMILY ASSESSMENT 1FAMILY ASSESSMENTIn.docx
nealwaters20034
 
PPTX
Wk 9 lecture 1 pp
ehwilson
 
PPT
CBTMarch_06.ppt
CHRISTIANRAYALPASPAS
 
PPTX
Tanyajeanmelby
melbyta
 
PDF
moses.pdf
AliceBeeneShichoongo
 
PPT
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy March_06.ppt
Jeny Rapheal
 
Kol ami presentation 9.12.10.2
Tampa Jewish Family Services
 
Comprehensive Client Family Assessment Demographic.docx
AASTHA76
 
The Emotional Dynamics ES
Tampa Jewish Family Services
 
Au Psy492 E Portfolio Template For Slide Share Revised
charmaine03
 
The Emotional Dynamics ABS
Tampa Jewish Family Services
 
The Emotional Dynamics
Tampa Jewish Family Services
 
Adlerian Theory
Apple Prieto
 
Assignment Assessing and Treating Patients With ADHDNot onl.docx
salmonpybus
 
Therapies13Enduring Issues in TherapiesInsight Therapi.docx
ssusera34210
 
Cognitive behaviour therapy dr veera balaji
Veera Balaji kumar veeraswamy
 
The Use Of Psychoanalytic Concepts In Therapy With Families Hilary A Davies
nanelibhz
 
For that topic, determine what is the main question that you .docx
greg1eden90113
 
Making Ethical Choices: Self-Reflection and Beyond
John Gavazzi
 
FAMILY ASSESSMENT 1FAMILY ASSESSMENTIn.docx
mglenn3
 
FAMILY ASSESSMENT 1FAMILY ASSESSMENTIn.docx
nealwaters20034
 
Wk 9 lecture 1 pp
ehwilson
 
CBTMarch_06.ppt
CHRISTIANRAYALPASPAS
 
Tanyajeanmelby
melbyta
 
moses.pdf
AliceBeeneShichoongo
 
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy March_06.ppt
Jeny Rapheal
 

Recently uploaded (20)

PDF
What if we spent less time fighting change, and more time building what’s rig...
Derek Wenmoth
 
PDF
OBE - B.A.(HON'S) IN INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE -Ar.MOHIUDDIN.pdf
ArchitectAFMMohiuddi
 
PPTX
ELIAS-SEZIURE AND EPilepsy semmioan session.pptx
eyoba2172
 
PDF
Weekly quiz Compilation Jan -July 25.pdf
Nitin Suresh
 
PDF
FORM 1 BIOLOGY MIND MAPS and their schemes
arcade5
 
PDF
International_Financial_Reporting_Standa.pdf
VrindaTayade1
 
PPTX
Chinmaya Tiranga Azadi Quiz (Class 7-8 )
Nitin Suresh
 
PDF
David L Page_DCI Research Study Journey_how Methodology can inform one's prac...
David L Page
 
PPTX
Virtual and Augmented Reality in Current Scenario
Shruti Dalela
 
DOC
Soft-furnishing-By-Architect-A.F.M.Mohiuddin-Akhand.doc
ArchitectAFMMohiuddi
 
PDF
medical_surgical_nursing_10th_edition_ignatavicius_TEST_BANK_pdf.pdf
victor kamau
 
PDF
ChatGPT for Dummies - Pam Baker Ccesa007.pdf
Demetrio Ccesa Rayme
 
PDF
1.3 FINAL REVISED K-10 PE and Health CG 2023 Grades 4-10 (1).pdf
JohnJerryDalawampu
 
PPTX
Unit 4 Computer Architecture Multicore Processor.pptx
Gunasundari Selvaraj
 
PDF
IGGE1 Understanding the Self1234567891011
rhea22labucay
 
PDF
LDMMIA Reiki Yoga Finals Review Spring Summer
LDMMia Reiki Lectures
 
PDF
AI-driven educational solutions for real-life interventions in the Philippine...
EleniIlkou
 
PDF
Chinmaya Tiranga quiz Grand Finale.pdf
Nitin Suresh
 
PPTX
Share_Module_2_Power_conflict_and_negotiation.pptx
Lavanyaj33
 
PDF
احياء السادس العلمي - الفصل الثالث (التكاثر) منهج متميزين/كلية بغداد/موهوبين
S LS
 
What if we spent less time fighting change, and more time building what’s rig...
Derek Wenmoth
 
OBE - B.A.(HON'S) IN INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE -Ar.MOHIUDDIN.pdf
ArchitectAFMMohiuddi
 
ELIAS-SEZIURE AND EPilepsy semmioan session.pptx
eyoba2172
 
Weekly quiz Compilation Jan -July 25.pdf
Nitin Suresh
 
FORM 1 BIOLOGY MIND MAPS and their schemes
arcade5
 
International_Financial_Reporting_Standa.pdf
VrindaTayade1
 
Chinmaya Tiranga Azadi Quiz (Class 7-8 )
Nitin Suresh
 
David L Page_DCI Research Study Journey_how Methodology can inform one's prac...
David L Page
 
Virtual and Augmented Reality in Current Scenario
Shruti Dalela
 
Soft-furnishing-By-Architect-A.F.M.Mohiuddin-Akhand.doc
ArchitectAFMMohiuddi
 
medical_surgical_nursing_10th_edition_ignatavicius_TEST_BANK_pdf.pdf
victor kamau
 
ChatGPT for Dummies - Pam Baker Ccesa007.pdf
Demetrio Ccesa Rayme
 
1.3 FINAL REVISED K-10 PE and Health CG 2023 Grades 4-10 (1).pdf
JohnJerryDalawampu
 
Unit 4 Computer Architecture Multicore Processor.pptx
Gunasundari Selvaraj
 
IGGE1 Understanding the Self1234567891011
rhea22labucay
 
LDMMIA Reiki Yoga Finals Review Spring Summer
LDMMia Reiki Lectures
 
AI-driven educational solutions for real-life interventions in the Philippine...
EleniIlkou
 
Chinmaya Tiranga quiz Grand Finale.pdf
Nitin Suresh
 
Share_Module_2_Power_conflict_and_negotiation.pptx
Lavanyaj33
 
احياء السادس العلمي - الفصل الثالث (التكاثر) منهج متميزين/كلية بغداد/موهوبين
S LS
 

Chinese Thinking Patterns or Errors

  • 1. Chinese Thinking Patterns or ErrorsDr. Foo, KoongHeanJames Cook University, Singapore CAMPUS28 August 2009
  • 2. Chinese populationMost populous in the world (e.g., China, 1,330,044,544 (July 2008 est., http://geography.about.com)Constitute 76.4% of people in Singapore (4,608,167 July 2008 est., focusSingapore.com)Main constituent among Asians in New Zealand (18.9% of 4,173,460July 2008 est., newzealand.govt.nz)Up and coming business peopleBiggest group of clients/patients?
  • 3. Sources of PaperPersonal experience in therapy with clients Feedback from MHPs on therapy and Chinese clients (presented at the 1st Asian CBT Conference in Hong Kong)Survey with class of multicultural Singaporean students on positive psychologyVerified with participants at the 2nd Asian CBT Conference in ThailandPublished articles
  • 4. Sources of PaperBasing on Automatic (Negative)Thoughts by Aaron T. Beck and Common False Beliefs by Adele B. LynnCombining and Modifying the said Thoughts and BeliefsProposed new definitions and labels
  • 5. Aaron T. Beck’s List of (-ve) Automatic Thoughts
  • 6. Aaron T. Beck’s List of (-ve) Automatic Thoughts
  • 7. Common False Beliefs for the Business World by Adele B. Lynn
  • 8. Common False Beliefs for the Business World by Adele B. Lynn
  • 9. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsNot meant to hurt anyone’s feelingsNot meant to be exhaustiveApply to many but not all Would hopefully contribute to therapyNeed MHPs and researchers to verify them in their work; and provide feedback for improvement
  • 10. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards LifeMuch of life is outside my control Matching Labels: Emotional Reasoning; Magnification/minimization; Sources of ProblemsProposed New Label: Matter of FateExamples:“Life is such. It’s my luck.” “Oh, I'm the most unlucky person in life.”
  • 11. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards LifeChildren will grow up and outgrow problemsMatching Label: Unrealistic ExpectationsProposed New Label: Unrealistic Expectations (redefined)Examples:“My job is to bring up my kid(s); the school’s role is to discipline them.”
  • 12. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards LifeEducation is the ticket to career and life, happiness and prosperityMatching Labels: All-or-Nothing; Emotional Reasoning; Should & Must; CompetitionProposed New Label: Unrealistic Expectations (redefined)Examples:“Education come first, play or sports or rest come later.”
  • 13. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards LifeOlder folks are always like this. They are beyond changeMatching Labels: Labelling; Others cause MiseryNew Label: Beyond ChangeExamples:“The older folks never shed their spots. Always grumpy, nagging, nothing to do, while their time away at void decks, etc.”
  • 14. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards LifeFamily problems stay within the homeMatching Labels: Personalisation; Others cause Misery; AvoidanceNew Label: Keeping Secrets Examples:“Never say or spread your family problems outside the home. That’ll be bad for reputation of the family.”
  • 15. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards EnvironmentLack of awareness of surrounding. Self-centred thinking/viewpointMatching Label: Mind Reading; Tunnel Vision; Unrealistic ExpectationsNew Label: Self-centrednessExamples:“Yes, you can get it from that shop.”“Oh yes, it good for you.”
  • 16. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards EnvironmentExpensive stuff is good. Anything discounted or free is good. Take first and complain laterMatching Labels: All-or-Nothing; Should & Must; Mental FilterNew Label: All-or-Nothing (redefined)Examples:“Don’t have never mind, if I have it, it is fine.”“Better to have it than lose it or let others have it.”
  • 17. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards EnvironmentAvoid difficult situationsMatching Labels: Tunnel Vision; Avoidance; Others cause Misery; NegativityNew Label: Face-savingExamples:“It’s all because of them, why do they do such things, so reckless.”
  • 18. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Health and IllnessWestern illness Western medicine; Eastern illness Eastern medicineMatching Labels: Should & Must; The PastNew Label: The PastExamples:“My parents believed in Chinese medicine for its gentle effect and its ability to eradicate the roots of the disease. I was more inclined to use Western medicine for its immediate effect in treating signs and symptoms.”
  • 19. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Health and IllnessQuick fix is the preferred treatment mode for any illnessMatching Label: Emotional Reasoning; Personalisation; Should & MustNew Label: PragmaticExamples:“Can I get well with just this session?” “How much?”
  • 20. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Health and IllnessSomatisation of illnessMatching Label: Worry, Fret and FearNew Label: Face-savingExamples:“Oh, I’ve got this backache. Must have overworked myself.”
  • 21. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Health and IllnessTraditional healing system is still goodMatching Label: Should & Must; The PastNew Label: The PastExamples:“The shaman or bomoh can help relieve my problems if the doctor cannot.”
  • 22. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Health and IllnessMental illness is stigmatized and equated with crazinessMatching Labels: All-or-Nothing; Emotional Reasoning; Labelling; Overgeneralization; Avoidance; NegativityNew Label: All-or-Nothing Examples:“Don’t go near someone with this illness. Mental illness could be contagious.”
  • 23. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Health and IllnessThe sick usually plays up the sick roleMatching Labels: Disqualifying or Discounting the Positive; Over-generalization; Need approval; Unrealistic Expectations; CatastrophizeNew Label: My TurnExamples:“I’ve been looking after all of you, now that I’m sick, it’s your turn to look after me.”
  • 24. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Health and IllnessChinese coping skills are problem- or emotion-focusedMatching Label: Emotional Reasoning; Mental Filter; Should & Must; Source of ProblemsNew Label: PragmaticExamples:“Go for the problem or the solution.”
  • 25. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards Religion/SpiritualityMany Chinese Singaporeans are brought up under Confucianism, Taoism, or Buddhism. However, a good many are now Christian convertsMatching Label: Emotional Reasoning; Over-generalization; Personalisation; Changing Others; The Past; Unrealistic ExpectationsNew Label: Matter of FaithExamples:“My faith is in Christianity or Buddhism or Taoism; therefore, I’ll do/not do this and that because of my faith/religion/belief.
  • 26. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards RelationshipsAuthority is always rightMatching Labels: Labelling; Mental Filter; Overgeneralization; Mental FilterNew Label: The AuthorityExamples:“Because they are trained or in charge, they must know how and have answers to my problems.”
  • 27. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards RelationshipsHave to compare with others—from objects to pay to children to houses to jobsBe competent or cannot lose to others. Matching Label: Mind Reading; Personalisation; CompetitionNew Label: Competition (existing)Examples:“I must show them I can do it. I cannot let myself down.”
  • 28. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards RelationshipsNeed to tell others what to doMatching Label: Changing OthersNew Label: Changing Others (existing)Examples:“These people don’t know what they are missing. They have not learnt this.” “They are not aware of this, I must tell/teach them.” Note: This is done in spite of not knowing the whole truth of the matter themselves; i.e., not asking for or learning of information on matter but like to advise on them.
  • 29. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards RelationshipsNeed to please othersMatching Label: Needing Approval; Making mistakesNew Label: Needing Approval (existing)Examples:“I must not let them be unhappy with me.”
  • 30. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards RelationshipsThe capable/rich and better off should automatically help the less well offMatching Label: Should & Must; Unrealistic ExpectationsNew Label: The AuthorityExamples:“You are capable and rich, therefore you must help me.”
  • 31. Chinese Thinking/ErrorsAttitude/Belief towards RelationshipsFilial piety—relating to face, entails loyalty, devotion, respect and obedience to one’s parents, especially the father, and the family’s nameMatching Label: Emotional Reasoning; Should & Must; Needing Approval; Avoidance; The PastNew Label: Filial PietyExamples:“It is my duty to look after my parents and/or grandparents. They come before anything else.”
  • 32. Chinese Thinking Patternsor ErrorsThank you for your attention.Questions?
  • 33. ReferencesBeck, J. S. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. New York: Guilford Press. Bishop, George D. (1998). Cognitive organization of disease concepts in Singapore. Psychology & Health, 13(1), 12-133. Chan, E. A., Cheung, K., Mok, E., Cheung, S., & Tong, E. (2006). A narrative inquiry into the Hong Kong Chinese adults’ concepts of health through their cultural stories. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43, 301-309. Chan, S. W. C., Chiu, H. F. K., Chien, W.-T., Thompson, D. R., & Lam, L. (2006). Quality of life in Chinese elderly people with depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 312–318. Chen, G.-M. (1997). Seniority and superiority: A case analysis of Chinese decision making. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Communication Association. Chicago, Illinois. Chen, J., Chiu, C.-Y., Roese, N. J., Tam, K.-P. & Lau, I. Y.-M. (2006). Culture and counterfactuals: On the importance of life domains. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37(1), 75-84. Cheng, C. (2003). Toward a cognitive-affective-social theory of mental and physical health: The Chinese case. Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 4(2), 153-159. Cheng, Y. H., & Lee, P. W. H. (1988). Illness behaviour in Chinese medical students. Psychologia, 31(4) 207-216.  Cheung, S. F., Cheung, F. M., Howard, R., & Lim, Y.-H. (2006). Personality across the ethnic divide in Singapore: Are ‘‘Chinese Traits’’ uniquely Chinese? Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 467–477. Chiles, J. A., Strosahl, K. D., Zheng, Y. P., Michael, M. C., Hall, K., Jemelka, R., et al. (1989). Depression, hopelessness, and suicidal behavior in Chinese and American psychiatric patients. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 146(3), 339-344. Chong, A. M.-L., Ng, S.-H., Woo, J., & Kwan, A. Y.-H. (2006). Positive ageing: The views of middle-aged and older adults in Hong Kong. Ageing & Society, 26, 243–265. Foo, K. H., Merrick, P. L., Kazantzis, N., & Williams, M. W. (2006, May). Cognitive behaviour therapy in New Zealand and Singapore: From a doctoral study and personal experience. In L. Hatzipetrou (Chair), CBT programs in Asian-Pacific Regions. Symposium conducted at the 1st Asian Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) Conference: Evidence-based Assessment, Theory & Treatment, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Guan, S. (2000). A comparison of Sino-American thinking patterns and the function of the Chinese characters in the difference. In D. R. Heisey (Ed.), Chinese perspectives in rhetoric and communication: Advances in communication and culture (pp. 25-41). USA: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
  • 34. References Ho, C. (2004). Cultural and individual differences in rational thinking. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 65(5-B), 2608. Hou, Y., Zhu, Y., & Peng, K. (2003). Thinking style and disease cognitions among Chinese people. Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 4(2), 161-180. Hsu, K.-Y. (2006). The relationship between Chinese dialectical thinking and the Implicit Theory of Personality-Behavior Association. Chinese Journal of Psychology, 48(3), 291-313.  Jang, Y. (1995). Chinese culture and occupational therapy. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58(3), 103-106. Lam, C. L. K., Catarivas, M. G., & Lauder, I. J. (1995). A pill for every ill? Family Practice, 12, 171-175. Lei, T., Askeroth, C., & Lee, C.-T. (2004). Indigenous Chinese healing: Theories and methods. In U. P. Gielen, J. M. Fish, & J. G. Draguns, Handbook of culture, therapy, and healing (pp. 191-212). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Liu, L. (2006). Quality of life as a social representation in China: A qualitative study. Social Indicators Research, 75, 217–240. Lynn, A. B. (2004). The EQ difference: A powerful plan for putting emotional intelligence to work. New York: American Management Association. Lynn, A. B. (2004). The EQ difference: A powerful plan for putting emotional intelligence to work. New York: American Management Association. Peng, K., Spencer-Rodgers, J. & Nian, Z. (2006). Naïve dialecticism and the Tao of Chinese thought. In U. Kim, K.-S. Yang, & K.-K. Hwang, Indigenous and cultural psychology: Understanding people in context (pp. 247-262). New York: Springer Science and Business Media.Pritzker, Sonya. (2007) .Thinking Hearts, Feeling Brains: Metaphor, Culture, and the Self in Chinese Narratives of Depression, Metaphor and Symbol, 22(3), 251-274. Maxwell, J. P., & Siu, O.L. (2008). The Chinese coping strategies scale: Relationships with aggression, anger, and rumination in a diverse sample of Hong Kong Chinese adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1049–1059. Norenzayan, A. (2001). Rule-based and experience-based thinking: The cognitive consequences of intellectual traditions. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 62(6-B), 2992. 
  • 35. References Oakland, T., & Lu, L. (2006). Temperament styles of children from the People’s Republic of China and the United States. School Psychology International, 27(2), 192–208. Romanowski, M. H. (2006). A changing nation: Issues facing Chinese teachers. KAPPA DELTA PI RECORD 77-82. Ryder, A. G., Yang, J., Zhu, X., Yao, S., Yi, J., Heine, S. J., et al. (2008). The cultural shaping of depression: Somatic symptoms in China, psychological symptoms in North America? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(2), 300–313. Schwartz, P. Y. (1998). Depressive symptomatology and somatic complaints in the acculturation of Chinese immigrants. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 59(5-B), 2434. Statistics Singapore (2008, October 19). Singapore total population. Singapore Department of Statistics. Retrieved October 19, 2008 from http://www.singstat.gov.sg/keystats Tang, J. M. (2004). Are Asian thinking styles different? Acculturation and thinking styles in a Chinese Canadian population. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 65(3-B), 1573. Tang, Y. (2000). Chinese idioms from an epistemological perspective. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, 2000, 35(1) 1-28. Wang, F. (2004). Confucian thinking in traditional moral education: Key ideas and fundamental features. Journal of Moral Education, 33(4), 429-447. Weber, E. U., Ames, D. R., & Blais, A.-R. (2005). ‘How do I choose thee? Let me count the ways’: A textual analysis of similarities and differences in modes of decision-making in China and the United States. Management and Organization Review, 1(1), 87-118. Wilson, S. R. (1996). East Asian international students' stressors and coping behaviors. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 57(3-A), 1022-??.. Wong, D. F. K., Sun, S. Y. K., Tse, J., & Wong, F. (2002). Evaluating the outcomes of a cognitive-behavioral group intervention model for persons at risk of developing mental health problems in Hong Kong: A pretest-posttest study. Research on Social Work Practice, 12(4); 534-545. 
  • 36. ReferencesWong, O.-N., C., & Piran, N. (1995). Western biases and assumptions as impediments in counselling traditional Chinese clients. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 29(2), 107-119. Wong, V. & Chiu, S. (2005). Towards a Confucian notion of youth development in Hong Kong. The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 25(10-11), 14-36. Yang, K., & Victor, C. R. (2008). The prevalence of and risk factors for loneliness among older people in China. Ageing & Society, 28, 305–327. Zhang, J., & Jin, S. (1998). Interpersonal relations and suicide ideation in China. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs.  124.n1 (Feb 1998): 79(16).