City Development Program
- 1. City Development Strategies (CDS)City Development Strategies (CDS) • CDS is one of two basic programs in Cities AllianceCDS is one of two basic programs in Cities Alliance beside Citywide Slums Upgrading.beside Citywide Slums Upgrading. • Focus on urban poverty alleviationFocus on urban poverty alleviation • Towards good urban governance through enhancement ofTowards good urban governance through enhancement of opportunities for all of the citizens in inclusive manners.opportunities for all of the citizens in inclusive manners. • Supports local assessments and solutions and providesSupports local assessments and solutions and provides ways and means in improving local urban governance.ways and means in improving local urban governance.
- 2. B a c k g r o u n dB a c k g r o u n d URBAN CHALLENGES:URBAN CHALLENGES: URBAN POVERTYURBAN POVERTY,, BAD GOVERNANCEBAD GOVERNANCE,, LOW PROVISION OF PUBLIC SERVICESLOW PROVISION OF PUBLIC SERVICES,, MANAGING COMPLEX URBANISATIONMANAGING COMPLEX URBANISATION CONTEXTCONTEXT Three major transformation:Three major transformation: The more urbanized region,The more urbanized region, Decentralized government andDecentralized government and Democratic eco-soc-pol condition.Democratic eco-soc-pol condition. The emerging roleThe emerging role of the society inof the society in urban decisionurban decision making.making.
- 3. O b j e c t i v e sO b j e c t i v e s 1.1. Reduction of urban poverty through poverty-Reduction of urban poverty through poverty- centered orientation of CDScentered orientation of CDS 2.2. Empower the community and improveEmpower the community and improve communication, citizen participation, andcommunication, citizen participation, and development of partnershipsdevelopment of partnerships 3.3. Decentralized, participatory and effective urbanDecentralized, participatory and effective urban management capacity,management capacity, 4.4. CDS as primary tools for urban investmentsCDS as primary tools for urban investments prioritization.prioritization. 5.5. Institutionalization of poverty-centered CDSInstitutionalization of poverty-centered CDS
- 4. A p p r o a c h e sA p p r o a c h e s 1. Developing cities vary widely across social features (economic systems, culture) and resources (finances, knowledge, governance capacity). 2. CDS formulation are organized around themes (substance) and building blocks (methodology). 3. To have worldwide applicability in the development of CDS to enable cities to reposition themselves.
- 5. CDS Themes and Government Agencies InvolvementCDS Themes and Government Agencies Involvement CDS Themes (Cities Alliance, 2006) Indonesian Related Central and Local Government Agencies Rel. Central Agencies Rel. Local Agencies Key Leading Agencies 1. Livelihood Central : MoHA Central : MoEnv Central : DoPW ----------------- Local : 1. Mayor,s Office, 2. Bappeda Key Local Leaders: 1. Mayor 2. Local Sec(Sekda) 3. Head of Bappeda Business Climate (BKPM), (Deperindag) (Depkop UKM) 、 (Ristek), MoHA, Bappenas (KPMD), Trade Section SME Section Labor SectionEconomic Competitiveness Human Resource Development (Depdiknas)(Depnaker) MoHA Education, Labor Section, Bappeda 2. Environmental Quality, Energy Efficiency, and Service Delivery Environmental Quality MoEnv, DoPublic Works Bappenas BPLHD, PU Section Bappeda Energy Efficiency MoEnv, DoEnergy, DoRT, NDPA BPLHD, PU Section Bappeda (Dispenda) Basic Service Delivery MoHA, DoPW Bappenas Bappeda PU Section 3. Infrastructure and Spatial Form Infrastructure DoPW, MoHA, Bappenas, Menpera, BPN, DEPHUB, KOMINFO PU and Housing Section, Bappeda Urban Spatial Form. DoPW, MoHA, Bappenas, Menpera, Bappeda,City Planning, PUandHousing Section
- 6. CDS Themes and Government Agencies InvolvementCDS Themes and Government Agencies Involvement CDS Themes (Cities Alliance, 2006) Indonesian Related Central and Local Government Agencies Rel. Central Agencies Rel. Local Agencies Key Leading Agencies 4. Financial Resources Central : MoF Central : MoHA ----------------- Local : 1. Mayor,s Office, 2. Bappeda Key Local Leaders: 1. Mayor 2. Local Sec(Sekda) 3. Head of Bappeda Local Gov. Financial Resources &Local Gov. Financial Resources & Institutional StructuresInstitutional Structures MoF, MoHA, Bappenas -------------------------------- DoPW, MoHousing, DoTrade, DoSME MoF, MoHA, NDPA Revenue Section, Bappeda, -------------------- PU and Housing Section Bappeda, Trade and SME Section Mobilizing Non-Gov. CapitalMobilizing Non-Gov. Capital Private Sector Financial FlowsPrivate Sector Financial Flows MoF, MoHA, NDPA , DoTrade, DoSME Revenue Section, Bappeda, Trade Section, SME Section 5. Governance National Urban Policy Frameworks MoHA, NDPA Bappeda Institutional Structure of LG MoHA, Bappeda Role of LG in Decentralisation MoHA, Bappeda Metropolitan Governance MoHA, DoPW Bappeda, PU Section Capacity MoHA, Bappeda Relationship with Private Sector & Civil Society MoHA, BKPM, DoTrade, DoSME Bappeda, Trade and SME Section
- 8. Project FeaturesProject Features 1.1. Formulation of CDS for cities in IndonesiaFormulation of CDS for cities in Indonesia 2.2. Cities will be chosen on a demand-driven basisCities will be chosen on a demand-driven basis 3.3. Formation of Central Management Team, NationalFormation of Central Management Team, National Management Consultants and Local ConsultantsManagement Consultants and Local Consultants 4.4. Training component :Training component : (a) international city development experiences,(a) international city development experiences, (b) city-to-city cooperation in CDS experiences and(b) city-to-city cooperation in CDS experiences and (c) “T o T”(c) “T o T” 5.5. Evaluation study on lessons learned andEvaluation study on lessons learned and institutionalizationinstitutionalization
- 9. Implementation PlanImplementation Plan 1.1. Formation of central management teamFormation of central management team 2.2. Hiring of central management team consultantHiring of central management team consultant 3.3. City selection processCity selection process 4.4. First workshopFirst workshop 5.5. Selection of local consultants in target citiesSelection of local consultants in target cities 6.6. ToT workshop, including international expertiseToT workshop, including international expertise 7.7. Initiation of project in 5 local citiesInitiation of project in 5 local cities 8.8. Broad based consultations in each participating citiesBroad based consultations in each participating cities 9.9. Workshops for first draft reportsWorkshops for first draft reports 10.10. City development conference inviting all interestedCity development conference inviting all interested citiescities 11.11. Final report on how to institutionalize findingsFinal report on how to institutionalize findings
- 10. CDS PerformanceCDS Performance CDS program was a real learning experience of knowing howCDS program was a real learning experience of knowing how to listen and how to participate in strategic planning processes.to listen and how to participate in strategic planning processes. All cities prepared their CDS and presented them in a NationalAll cities prepared their CDS and presented them in a National Conference in Jakarta on June 2003.Conference in Jakarta on June 2003. Five of the nine cities have secured commitment to CDS byFive of the nine cities have secured commitment to CDS by making them into local by-laws..making them into local by-laws.. The tangible outputs:The tangible outputs: 11.The city profiles,.The city profiles, 22. CDS with better. CDS with better public services agendas,public services agendas, 33. A toolkit for implementing CDS,. A toolkit for implementing CDS, 44.. Lessons learned from CDS case studies cities,Lessons learned from CDS case studies cities, 55. A website. A website with results and best practices on CDS Indonesiawith results and best practices on CDS Indonesia The intangible outputs of the project are: 1. ImprovedThe intangible outputs of the project are: 1. Improved communication through city consultations, 2. Support of masscommunication through city consultations, 2. Support of mass media, 3. Increasing civil society awareness.media, 3. Increasing civil society awareness.
- 11. Lesson LearnedLesson Learned Lesson 1Lesson 1:: Stakeholders Working Team (SWT) Establishment.Stakeholders Working Team (SWT) Establishment. Dependency on creativity of the SWT in facilitating variousDependency on creativity of the SWT in facilitating various stakeholders. The need of real support of the city government in thestakeholders. The need of real support of the city government in the clarification of the function and responsibilities and rights of SWT.clarification of the function and responsibilities and rights of SWT. Lesson 2Lesson 2:: The CDS Facilitator.The CDS Facilitator. OOne paid CDS Facilitator, recruitedne paid CDS Facilitator, recruited through an open process by the SWT, can be evaluated on the basisthrough an open process by the SWT, can be evaluated on the basis of role in mobilizing the SWT members and in leveraging the potentialof role in mobilizing the SWT members and in leveraging the potential in the city. The commitment of the SWT members can bein the city. The commitment of the SWT members can be counterproductive because of tendency to compare their volunteercounterproductive because of tendency to compare their volunteer status and the paid status of the facilitator.status and the paid status of the facilitator. Lesson 3Lesson 3:: SWT MembershipSWT Membership.. It is expected that dissemination effortsIt is expected that dissemination efforts can begin with a good communication. However, this has not fullycan begin with a good communication. However, this has not fully occurred because of the voluntary nature of the SWT membership andoccurred because of the voluntary nature of the SWT membership and the lack of a formal structure.the lack of a formal structure. Lesson 4Lesson 4:: SWT Working Mechanism.SWT Working Mechanism. Not limiting themselves to CDSNot limiting themselves to CDS targets, the SWT needs to always participate in the handling of citytargets, the SWT needs to always participate in the handling of city issues with the objective of increasing the exposure of the SWT to theissues with the objective of increasing the exposure of the SWT to the public, and establishing its presence.public, and establishing its presence.
- 12. Lesson LearnedLesson Learned Lesson 5Lesson 5:: Agreement on Strategic City Issues.Agreement on Strategic City Issues. At the very minimum,At the very minimum, the agreement on the strategic issues for the city must also bethe agreement on the strategic issues for the city must also be formally supported at the city government and local legislative levels,formally supported at the city government and local legislative levels, with a clear mandate given to the SWT to follow up the agreement.with a clear mandate given to the SWT to follow up the agreement. Lesson 6Lesson 6:: Relationship with the Media.Relationship with the Media. The utilization of the massThe utilization of the mass media can be highly supportive in increasing awareness of themedia can be highly supportive in increasing awareness of the presence of the CDS program. The cooperation established with thepresence of the CDS program. The cooperation established with the local newspapers, radio and television assists the CDS program.local newspapers, radio and television assists the CDS program. Lesson 7Lesson 7:: Coomunication with the City Government and Legislative.Coomunication with the City Government and Legislative. Intense communication and active involvement in a formal mannerIntense communication and active involvement in a formal manner are part of the process of empowering the bureaucracy and can easeare part of the process of empowering the bureaucracy and can ease the process of getting results (CDS).the process of getting results (CDS). Lesson 8Lesson 8:: Communication with the Public as Stakeholders.Communication with the Public as Stakeholders. The SWTThe SWT does not function in the name of any stakeholder in the city in relationdoes not function in the name of any stakeholder in the city in relation to various aspirations ratherto various aspirations rather only that of a facilitator.only that of a facilitator. In order toIn order to always encourage the participation and legitimization of the public, aalways encourage the participation and legitimization of the public, a number of easy access mechanisms must be designed for thenumber of easy access mechanisms must be designed for the delivery of aspirations and the provision of appropriate information.delivery of aspirations and the provision of appropriate information.
- 13. Lesson LearnedLesson Learned Lesson 9Lesson 9:: Acceptance of CDS output.Acceptance of CDS output. The problems are focussed inThe problems are focussed in the existence of the previous prepared planning documentsthe existence of the previous prepared planning documents (RPJMD,(RPJMD, Renstrada, Repetada, etc), yet tRenstrada, Repetada, etc), yet the various CDS documents have theirhe various CDS documents have their own different quality of substance and acceptance in the part of the cityown different quality of substance and acceptance in the part of the city government and local legislature.government and local legislature. Lesson 10Lesson 10:: Formulation of the Vision and Mission.Formulation of the Vision and Mission. The formulation ofThe formulation of vision within the CDS program must cover an agreement on meaningvision within the CDS program must cover an agreement on meaning and scope, as well as on the limitations of development managementand scope, as well as on the limitations of development management that are the full responsibility of the regional/local government.that are the full responsibility of the regional/local government. Lesson 11Lesson 11:: Formulation of Program.Formulation of Program. The various planning documentsThe various planning documents in the regions/cities already exist as appropriate planning instrumentsin the regions/cities already exist as appropriate planning instruments that are always capable of adopting additional developments orthat are always capable of adopting additional developments or changes in the status quo without resulting in the neglect of the existingchanges in the status quo without resulting in the neglect of the existing laws and regulations that are in effect.laws and regulations that are in effect.
- 14. RecommendationRecommendation Anticipative stepsAnticipative steps in form of understanding achieved with the city governmentin form of understanding achieved with the city government and legislative, and effort to establish the SWT existence as a part of the city.and legislative, and effort to establish the SWT existence as a part of the city. For the effectiveness of communication among parties involved,For the effectiveness of communication among parties involved, optimal fundoptimal fund allocations for training and consultation with expertsallocations for training and consultation with experts must be realized.must be realized. A formal mechanism for communicationA formal mechanism for communication with the government (consultation)with the government (consultation) must be designed and agreed upon from the very beginning.must be designed and agreed upon from the very beginning. The involvement of the entire local governmentThe involvement of the entire local government (all aspects and levels)(all aspects and levels) and in provincial gov, is required because these agencies are alsoand in provincial gov, is required because these agencies are also stakeholders.stakeholders. CDS should become a part of or input for the existing planningCDS should become a part of or input for the existing planning documents,documents, in particular for short, medium and long-term programsin particular for short, medium and long-term programs CDS process can be used within the formulation of a cooperativeCDS process can be used within the formulation of a cooperative mechanismmechanism for the involvement of third parties, so that pressures resultingfor the involvement of third parties, so that pressures resulting from the process of increasing the capacity and empowerment of, as well as thefrom the process of increasing the capacity and empowerment of, as well as the placement of responsibility on, the stakeholders of the city, can become theplacement of responsibility on, the stakeholders of the city, can become the focus of attention.focus of attention. In relation with decentralization and autonomy, the entire process will provideIn relation with decentralization and autonomy, the entire process will provide greater enrichment withgreater enrichment with room for creativity at the local levelroom for creativity at the local level..