The document discusses the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. It begins with an introduction to the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and compares the computational complexity of directly calculating the DFT versus using the FFT algorithm. The FFT algorithm reduces the computation time of the DFT from O(N2) to O(NlogN) operations. The document then derives the radix-2 FFT algorithm, showing how it decomposes the DFT calculation into interleaved even and odd numbered terms. This allows computation of the DFT using primarily additions and multiplications by complex roots of unity.