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CLASS GLT 1 - Introduction [Compatibility Mode].pdf
- 1. SEDIMENTOLOGY (ES – 307) B B CLASS – 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Dr. Biplab Bhattacharya Dept. of Earth Sciences, IIT Roorkee
- 2. Sedimentology B B Sedimentology Sedimentar Rocks Sedimentary Rocks - Clastic - Non-clastic Non clastic
- 3. Classifying a gravel sand mud gravel-sand-mud mixture
- 6. P l i ti Polymictic Conglomerates
- 12. Carbonate rocks
- 13. Non-clastic sedimentary rocks CHALK GEODE GYPSUM BIF
- 14. Sedimentology B B S di t T t gy Sedimentary Texture G i i Textural maturity - Grain size - Grain Shape Textural inversion p - Sphericity - Roundness - Packing/fabric - Grain contact P it & - Porosity & permeability
- 19. Sedimentary processes…….. B B Erosion Transportation Deposition
- 21. SEDIMENTARY FACIES B B SEDIMENTARY FACIES In the field of geology, facies is often misused and misunderstood The aspect, appearance, and characteristics of a rock The aspect, appearance, and characteristics of a rock unit, usually reflecting the conditions of its origin; especially as differentiating it from adjacent or associated units Facies refers to the lithologic and biologic characteristics of a sedimentary deposit imparted by th ll ti l ti i th d iti l the processes collectively operating in the depositional environment
- 22. Walther’s Law of Correlation of Facies B B i h i f bl i l i f Facies that occur in comformable vertical successions of strata also occur in laterally adjacent environments Th f i b d i hif h h d i f Thus, facies boundaries may shift so that the deposits of an adjacent environment may lie directly atop those of a laterally related environment
- 23. Facies Distribution Factors that control the nature and distribution of facies distribution of facies 1. Sedimentary Processes 1. Sedimentary Processes 2. Sediment Supply 3. Climate 3. Climate 4. Tectonics (subsidence or uplift) 5 Sea level change 5. Sea level change
- 24. Facies Associations B B D iti l i t ll d f Depositional environments are generally composed of multiple subenvironments Ex Delta Ex. Delta Thus, we can expect that facies will vary throughout the Thus, we can expect that facies will vary throughout the environment to reflect the transition between subenvironments We must assume that adjacent facies represent adjacent environments environments By understanding these associations we can generate By understanding these associations, we can generate facies models
- 25. Delta components and facies associations B B e co po e s d c es ssoc o s
- 26. Facies model – 2-D vertical succession diagram B B
- 27. B B Facies analysis The interpretation of rocks and sediments for the purpose of reconstructing the processes that were responsible for the original deposition the original deposition M lti d h Multi-pronged approach Physical Chemical Chemical Biological Lithofacies and Biofacies
- 28. SEDIMENTOLOGY (ES – 307) B B Thank You …..