Classes of Seeds
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Seed refers to a fertilized ovule containing an embryo that can develop into a new plant. Scientifically, seed is defined as a fertilized mature ovule covered by a seed coat. There are several types of propagating materials that are also considered seeds, including tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, roots, cuttings, and grafts. Seeds are classified into different categories based on their origin and intended use, including nucleus, breeder, foundation, and certified seeds, with each subsequent category representing a larger scale of multiplication while maintaining genetic and physical purity standards.
Classes of Seeds
- 2. What is seed? In broad sense Seed is a material which is used for planting or regeneration purpose. scientifically Seed is a fertilized matured ovule together covered with seed coat is called seed or it is a propagating material.
- 3. Technological point of view Seed is a fertilized ripened ovule consisting of three main parts namely seed coat, endosperm and embryo, which in due course gives rise to a new plant. It also refers to Propagating materials of healthy seedlings, tuber, bulbs, rhizome, roots, cuttings, setts, all types of grafts and vegetatively propagating materials used for production purpose.
- 4. Potato Bulb Garlic Bulb Turmeric Rhizome Rose Cuttings
- 5. Classes of Seed Nucleus Seed Breeder Seed Foundation Seed Certified Seed
- 6. Nucleus Seed - Produced from basic nucleus stock. - Produced by the original breeder/Institute /State Agriculture University (SAU) - Small scale multiplication. - Pedigree Certificate issued by Breeder. General Standards: Genetical Purity :- 100% Physical Purity :- 100% Min. Germination :- 100% Max. Inert Matter :- 0%
- 7. Breeder seeds - Progeny of Nucleus Seed. - Multiplied in large area as per indent of Department of Agriculture and Cooperation (DOAC), Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, under supervision of plant breeder / institute / SAUs and monitored by a committee consisting of the representatives of state seed certification agency, national / state seed corporations, ICAR nominee and concerned breeder’. - Golden Yellow colour certificate is issued. General Standards: Genetical Purity :- 100% Physical Purity :- 100% Min. Germination :- 100% Max. Inert Matter :- 0%
- 9. Foundation Seeds - Progeny of Breeder Seed. - Produced by Recognized Seed Producing agencies in public and private sectors under the supervision of Certification agencies. - Large Scale Multiplication. - White Colour certificate is issued. General Standards: Genetical Purity :- 97-98% Isolation: Physical Purity :- >95% Self Pollinated = 50-150 m Min. Germination :- 70-85% Cross Pollinated = 600-1200 m Max. Inert Matter :- 2%
- 11. Certified Seed - Progeny of Foundation Seed. - Produced by registered seed growers under the supervision of Seed Certification Agencies. - Meant for Distribution to the Farmers for commercial cultivation. - Azur Blue colour certificate is issued. - Large Scale Multiplication General Standards: Genetical Purity :- 98% Physical Purity :- >90% Min. Germination :- 60-80% Max. Inert Matter :- 2% Isolation: Self Pollinated = 50-300 m Cross Pollinated = 600-1600 m
- 12. a. Species (botanical name) b. Cultivar name c. Category d. Reference number e. Date of issue of certificate Information on the Label ANALYSIS TAG A-1 Seed Co. Location, USA Variety & Kind Vernal Alfalfa Lot No. 307-98 Pure seed 98.90% Inert matter 01.05% Other crop seed 00.00% Weed seed 00.05% Noxious weeds 00.00% Germination 90.00% Hard seed 05.00% Date tested Jan. 2001 Net weight 60 lbs.
- 13. Types of Seeds MONOCOTS DICOTS Embryo with single cotyledon Embryo with two cotyledons Usually endospermic Usually non-endospermic (Except Castor seed) Germination usually hypogeal (Except in onion) Germination usually epigeal (except in pea, gram) Flower parts in multiples of three Flower parts in multiples of four or five Major leaf veins parallel Major leaf veins reticulated Roots are adventitious Roots develop from radicle Secondary growth absent Secondary growth often present Grains, (wheat, corn, rice, millet) sugarcane, banana, ginger, onions, grass Legumes (pea, beans, lentils, peanuts) mint, lettuce, tomato, oak, tree, etc.