Sameti training ppt
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This document discusses the importance of quality seeds in crop production and the seed production system in India. It outlines that quality seeds can increase yields by 10-15% and are vital for realizing returns from other agricultural inputs. The seed production system involves multiple agencies across the public, private, and cooperative sectors. These include the National Seed Corporation, State Seed Corporations, State Agricultural Universities, and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. The system follows a generation-wise seed classification approach from Breeder Seed to Foundation Seed to Certified Seed to ensure genetic purity at each stage of multiplication.
Sameti training ppt
- 1. Dr.P.SELVARAJU Special Officer (Seeds) Seed Centre Importance of quality seeds in crop production, generation system of seed multiplication in India and agencies involved in seed production Quality seed in field Yields abundantly
- 2. Seed is known as ….. Botanically Fertilized and ripened ovule Structurally An embryonic plant together with stored food, surrounded by a protective coat. Genetically Dormant plant, the link between two generations On usage Propagative material In seed science, any material used for mass multiplication for the purpose of reproduction is known as seed What is a seed - source of life of a plant
- 3. Importance of seed Seed is the vital and basic input in crop production Through seed only, the investment made on other inputs like pesticide, fertilizer, irrigation and crop maintenance can be realized. It is estimated that good quality seeds of improved varieties can contribute about 10-15 % increase in yield. A carrier of new technologies A basic tool for secured food supply The principal means to increase the production with available land areas
- 4. High genetic purity High pure seed percentage (physical purity) High germinability High vigour and stamina Free from pest and disease Good shape, size, colour etc., Optimum moisture content for storage The quality seed should have
- 5. Genetic and physical purity of the crops Desired plant population Withstand the adverse conditions Seedlings - vigorous, fast growing and can resist pest and disease incidence Uniform growth and maturity Development of root system will be more efficient that aids absorption of nutrient efficiently and result in higher yield. It will respond well to added fertilizer and other inputs. Ensures higher yield atleast 10 – 15 % Significance of quality seed
- 6. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEED AND GRAIN
- 7. Difference between seed and grain production Seed production Grain production Planned programme - start with demand forecasting ends with marketing Need not be Authenticated source is required to raise a seed crop Need not be Specific land and field requirements Not so Monitored for certification standards and certified by the Agency Not so Proper post harvest technology should be followed Not so
- 10. Followed Not followed Seed field Field Inspection
- 11. Physiological maturity Harvestable maturity Harvesting
- 12. Followed Not followed Cob sorting
- 13. Required Not required Grading Should meet seed standard Not required
- 14. Profit Profit
- 15. Classes of Seed Nucleus Seed Breeder Seed Foundation Seed Certified Seed Truthfully labelled seed
- 16. Nucleus Seed Initial handful of seed Obtained from selected individual plants of a particular variety Produced by the originating plant breeder Further multiplication under his own supervision, or supervision by a qualified plant breeder It constitutes the basis for all further seed production.
- 17. Directly controlled by the originating or sponsoring plant breeder Seed production is monitored by a TEAM Provides the source for the initial and recurring increase of foundation seeds. Colour of the tag is Golden yellow. Genetic Purity: 100% Breeder Seed
- 18. Foundation Seed Foundation seed is the progeny of breeder seed or from foundation seed Foundation seed shall be supervised and approved by the certification agency Shall be required to conform to certification standards Genetic Purity: 99% The colour of the tag is white.
- 19. Certified Seed Certified seed shall be the progeny of foundation seed May be the progeny of certified seed provided this reproduction does not exceed three generations beyond foundation seed stage I Not eligible for further seed increase under certification The colour of the tag is blue. Genetic Purity Varieties: 98 % Hybrids: 95 % Hybrids of cotton, TPS, Muskmelon, Brinjal and Tomato: 90 % Hybrid castor: 85 %
- 20. Truthfully labelled seed If the seeds are not certified, seed which are above the minimum limits of germination and purity are Truthfully labelled. Truthfully labelling should conform to the limit of minimum standards prescribed for the variety. Truthfully labelled seed is not field certified to assure genetic purity but the seed standards are not lower than the certified class of seed. The colour of the truthful label is opal green.
- 21. Difference between Certified and Truthfully labelled seed Certified seed Truthful labelled seed Certification is voluntary Truthful labelling is compulsory for notified kind of varieties Applicable to notified kinds only Applicable to both notified and released varieties It should satisfy both minimum field and seed standards Tested for physical purity and germination Seed Certification Officer and Seed inspectors can take samples for inspection Seed inspectors alone can take samples for checking the seed quality.
- 22. Agency Class of seed Quality control system Concerned breeder or Sponsoring institution or Breeder himself NUCLEUS SEED (No specified tag) Maintenance breeding Concerned breeder or Sponsoring institution or Seed Technologist BREEDER SEED (Golden yellow tag) Breeder seed monitoring team -field inspection to check genetic purity-(Grow out test) State Department of Agrl., National seeds Corporation, Cooperative agencies, Central and State Seed Corporations, Private sectors. FOUNDATION SEED (White tag) State Seed Certification Agency -Field inspection and testing to check minimum required physical purity and other quality standards State Department of Agrl., National seeds Corporation, Cooperative agencies, Central and State Seed Corporations, Private sectors. CERTIFIED SEED (Azure blue tag) State Seed Certification Agency -Field inspection and testing to check minimum required physical purity and other quality standards Farmer / Producer TRUTHFUL LABELED SEED (Opal green tag) Farm use
- 23. 3 Generation System 4 Generation system 5 generation system Breeder Seed Foundation Seed Certified Seed Breeder Seed Foundation - I Certified Seed Foundation Seed -II II Breeder Seed Foundation Seed - I Certified Seed - I Foundaton Seed - II Certified Seed - II Five generation system is followed when • Multiplication is very poor • Heavy demand • Self – Pollinated Crop Generation System of Seed Multiplication
- 24. Seed Replacement Rate What? The quantity of quality seed that have replaced the actual seed requirement of the location that are normally produced by the farmer using their own seed. SRR : {x / y} x 100 Where x = Quantity of actual quality seed sown/ used in an area / location y = Quantity of quality seed (certified) required for the entire production area / location USE Give an idea on how much quality seed is used for production of crops by farmers Expose the requirement of quality seed for further production
- 25. Seed Replacement Rate increase of important crops in Tamil Nadu Year Paddy Maize Jowar Bajra Gram Urd V H V H V H 2001 17.00 8.0 - 6.0 - 6.0 - 0.46 17.50 2002 15.00 8.0 - 4.0 - 6.0 - 12.50 12.50 2003 14.00 2.0 - 6.0 - 6.0 - 20.60 12.50 2004 12.00 1.0 - 1.0 - 26.0 100 3.50 18.50 2005 55.00 2.0 - 8.0 - 16 100 2.00 12.11 2006 56.00 2.0 - 6.0 - - - 5.50 11.90 2007 65.00 1.0 - 6.0 - 85.0 - 9.50 9.50 2008 67.00 70.0 - 11.0 - 91.0 - 5.00 42.00 2009 76.65 97.71 - 10.60 - 96.10 - 5.77 34.65 2010 62.70 83.13 - 9.93 -- 72.14 - 5.11 35.44 2011 67.98 - 97.87 16.44 - 3.68 - 89.72 46.74 Source: seednet.gov.in/
- 26. Seed Replacement Rate increase of important crops in Tamil Nadu Year Moong Arhar G.Nut Soy bean Sunflower Cotton V H V H 2001 13.70 6.0 5.0 20.0 50.0 - 15.0 - 2002 12.50 12.50 50.0 20.0 50.0 - 15.0 - 2003 12.50 1.50 5.00 20.0 50.0 - 12.0 - 2004 14.10 3.70 2.36 - 12.51 - 10.85 - 2005 9.00 2.70 3.20 - 14.10 - 13.80 - 2006 8.40 5.00 3.18 - 8.25 - 15.0 - 2007 9.50 9.50 5.00 - 50 - 15.00 - 2008 21.00 6.00 6.07 - 13 - 100.0 - 2009 16.79 16.38 8.73 - 4.25 - 66.42 100 2010 13.28 26.50 8.91 - 7.78 - 80.08 100 2011 21.53 94.87 12.05 - 36.68 - 87.90 109. 52 Source: seednet.gov.in/
- 27. How to improve SRR • Adequate production and supply • Affordable price • Availability of seeds in correct time / sowing season • Net work of marketing • creating awareness among farmers about the benefits of using good quality seeds • Good storage • Release of needy varieties and its popularization
- 29. Agencies involved in seed production
- 30. Indian seed programme includes the participation of Central and State Government Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) State Agricultural Universities (SAU) system Public sector Cooperative sector and Private sector institutions Seed production system in India
- 31. Public Sector Public sector includes: National Seed Corporation (NSC) State Farms Corporation of India (SFCI) State Seed Corporation (SSCs - 28) State Seed Certification Agencies (SSCA - 21) and State Seed testing Laboratories (SSTLs - 107) These corporations engage principally in production and marketing of seeds of high yielding and hybrid varieties developed by the public sector mainly high volume low value seeds.
- 32. National Seed Corporation (NSC) National Seeds Corporation (NSC) is wholly owned by Government of India under the administrative control of Ministry of Agriculture. Established in 1963 to undertake production of foundation and certified seeds. At present, it is undertaking production of certified seeds of nearly 600 varieties of 60 crops through its registered seed growers. 8000 registered seed growers all over the country in different agro- climatic conditions are undertaking seed production. Turnover for the F.Y. 2013-14 was 738.75 crores.
- 33. Objectives •To ensure timely availability of quality seeds to farmers by Ensuring procurement of adequate quantity of breeder, foundation & certified / labelled seeds. Undertaking inspections, quality checks and testing of seeds at different levels. Ensuring availability of adequate seed processing and storage facilities. Developing network of dedicated and competent seed producers and seed dealers.
- 34. There are 10 Regional Offices, 5 Farms and 73 Area Offices / Sub-Units of the Corporation spread all over the country. In the seed production, emphasis is given for production of oil seeds, pulses and hybrids including vegetables. NSC has established strict Quality Control procedure to ensure supply of quality seed to farmers.
- 35. NSC has established 5 Quality Control Laboratories, one each at New Delhi, Secunderabad, Bhopal, Kolkata and Pune to undertake seed testing to check the quality of seeds. NSC is also involved in the production of Tissue Culture Plants like Banana. It also undertakes supply of seedlings / saplings of fruit crops through procurement from the MOU Partners. Seed marketing is carried out through three channels namely sale through dealers/distributors, Govt.
- 36. State Farms Corporation of India Established in 1969, for the production of seeds of food grains, fibre cops, oilseeds, plantation crops, fruits and vegetables in various part of the country. Operates large-scale farms in all the States where State Seeds Corporations have been set up (except Maharashtra). It participates in each State Seeds Corporation as a share holders growers: Project regarding production of foundation and certified seeds on behalf of National Seed Corporation and State Seeds Corporations and act as a consultant for farm development plan of the Agricultural Universities and other institutions. Cont…
- 37. Seeds are produced on 12 central government farms under the control of SFCI. Some of these are Suratgarh and Jestar farms in Rajasthan, Jhasugartha farm in Odisha, Jalandhar farm in Punjab; Hisar in Harayana, Raichur farm in Karnataka and Mizo Hills in Assam Cannanore farm in Kerala
- 38. National Seed Programme Based on Seed Review Team (1968) and National Commission on Agriculture (NCA) (1971, 1976) the Government of India decided in late 1974 to reorganize and expand the seed industry and launch a National Seed Programme with the assistance from the World Bank. NSP- Phase l was implemented in 1975-76 with the actual production starting in 1976. During the first phase, State Seed Corporations were established in four state namely, Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. This programme was further expanded during phase ll and State Seed Corporations were established in another five states, namely, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha. The ICAR launched an All India Coordinated Research Project on seed called National Seed Project in 1979-80 at 14 centres in Seed Technology Research and an equal number of Breeder Seed Production Centres. Cont…
- 39. The seed programme of the country was further strengthened with NSP- Phase IIl and State Seed Corporations were established in another four States, namely, Assam, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. At present, the Breeder Seed Production (BSP) programme is operating at 36 centres and Seed Technology Research (STR) at 23 centres under National Seed Project at various SAUs and ICAR institutes in the country.
- 40. State Seed Corporation Established in 14 States to widen the network of production and distribution channels for certified seeds in the country on the lines of Tarai Development Corporation. The main functions of State Seed Corporations are: (i) Production (ii) Processing (iii) Storage and (iv) Marketing of certified seeds. They are not responsible for the production of breeder and foundation seeds.
- 41. Tamil Nadu State Seed Development Agency – TANSEDA TANSEDA was formed based on the announcement made on the floor of the Assembly. The agency was established on 10.4.2015 and is registered as a RSociety in Serial Number 101/2015, under the Tamil Nadu Societies egistration Rule, 1978, Tamil Nadu Act 27 of 1975. • Produce and distribute quality seeds of all crops required as per the Seed Replacement Ratio. • Plan the seed supply chain to maintain required seed material. • Monitoring the Seed Supply Position for timely availability to farmers at affordable price by formulating an uniform price policy. • Monitoring, reviewing and release of funds as and when required. Objectives
- 42. State Seed Certification Agency
- 43. Seed Certification • It is legally sanctioned system for quality control during seed multiplication and production. • It involves field inspection, pre and post harvest control and seed quality tests. Purpose : Maintain and make available the good quality seeds and propagating materials to the farmers
- 44. Seed Certification procedures Receipt and scrutiny of application Verification of seed source Field inspection Post harvest supervision of seed crops Seed sampling and testing Labelling, tagging, sealing and grant of certificate
- 45. SEED TESTING State Seed testing laboratories
- 46. Private sector Currently 550 private seed companies, together with a few multinational companies, focus on low volume, high value crops mainly on producing hybrid seeds for sunflower, maize, cotton and vegetable crops. The private sector accounts for more than 60-70 per cent of the market in terms of market turnover whereas the public sector has the greater share in terms of volume sales.
- 47. The private companies are categorized as: • Seed Giant – Monsanto, Bayer, Syngenta etc. • Mid Size growing Companies – Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd, MAHYCO, Advanta India Ltd., JK Agri Genetics Ltd., US Agri Seeds, Shriram Bioseed Genetics Ltd. etc. • Mid Size Constant Market Share Companies – Krishidhan Seeds, Ganga Kaveri Seeds, Ajeet Seeds, CP India Ltd etc. • Small Size Companies – Yashosa Seeds, Doctor Seeds etc.
- 48. Monsanto Bayer Syngenta MAHYCO Rasi seeds Origen USA Leverkusen, Germany Basel, Switze rland Maharashtra Attur, Salem Started 1901 1863 2000 1964 1973 Major crops Alfalfa Canola Corn Cotton Sorghum Soybeans Sugarbeets Wheat Cotton Fruit & Vegetables Corn Oilseeds Rice Soybeans Wheat Sugarbeets Sugarcane Cereals Corn Oilseeds and Sugarbeet Rice Soybean Sugarcane Vegetables Cotton, Maize, Paddy, Bajra, Wheat and Vegetables Cotton, Maize, Paddy, Bajra, Wheat, Mustard, Sunflower and Vegetables Annual revenues US$ 14.861 billio n €39.76 billion US $15.134 billion Rs 690 crore Rs 392 crore
- 49. Nuziveedu Seeds Ganga Kaveri Seeds Krishidhan Seeds Ajeet Seeds Shriram Bioseed Genetics Origen Hyderabad, India AP, India Maharashtra, India. Maharashtra , India. Hyderabad , India Started 1973 1983 1996 1986 1999 Major crops Cotton, Maize, Paddy, Sorghum, Bajra, Wheat, Mustard, Sunflower and Vegetables Cotton, Maize, Paddy, Sorghum, Bajra, Wheat, Mustard and Sunflower Cereals Corn Oilseeds Rice Soybean Sugarcane Vegetables Cotton, Maize, Paddy, Bajra, Wheat and pea nut Cotton, Maize, Paddy, Bajra, Wheat, Mustard, Sunflower and Vegetables
- 50. Indian Seed Industry Current Status and Future Growth Indian seed Industry, is currently occupying the 6th position with nearly 9000 Crore turnover. Past five years Indian Seed Industry has been growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% compared to global growth of 6-7%. In value terms the major growth has come from the increased adoption of Bt cotton hybrids, single cross corn hybrids and hybrid vegetables.
- 51. Cont., The volume growth has mainly come through increased Seed Replacement Rate in crops like Paddy and Wheat. Indian seed industry is undergoing wide ranging transformation including increased role of private seed companies, entry of MNCs, joint ventures of Indian companies with multinational seed companies. India is endowed with second largest area of farmland, and the largest area of irrigated land, in the world and with its huge germplasm diversity, its seed industry is well placed to serve both domestic and international markets.
- 52. Indian seed market • The requirement of certified / quality seeds is assessed by State Governments on the basis of the area sown under different crop varieties, area covered by hybrid and self-pollinated varieties as well as the seed replacement rate achieved. • The availability of seed is ascertained by the State Departments of Agriculture on the basis of the production of seed in government farms and production of seeds by State Seeds Corporations and other agencies.
- 53. India’s present export of fruits and vegetables seeds decreased in volume but increased with value Year Qty. Value (Rs. Lakh) 2012-13 17,168.03 34,772.43 2013-14 17,816.75 41,053.74 2014-15 12,499.32 42,703.83 Source: APEDA, 2013, DGCIS Annual Export Export of Fruits & Vegetables Seeds in India
- 54. Central seed Certification Board National Seed Corporation Central Seed Testing Laboratory Central Committee on Crop Notification Standards and Release of Variety (1964) Variety Release Seed Certification Seed Law enforcement Seed production Seed Testing State seed certification Seed Inspection Public Co- operative Private State Seed Testing Laboratory State Variety Release Committee (State Seed Sub-Committee) Government of India (Ministry of Agriculture) Central Seed Committee Structure of Seed Industry as per Seed Act (1966)
- 55. Conclusion •The Indian seed industry, over the years, has evolved by adopting and innovating scientific advancements in variety development with quality seed production. •Indian seed industry has evolved to become the sixth largest in the world. This has made tremendous contribution to increase productivity. •The seed regulations are to be implemented strictly to ensure supply of quality seeds and to protect the farmers from spurious seeds with IPR. •Government has to reduce limits on import and export of quality seeds and planting materials.
- 56. • Encouragement by the Government resulted in direct Investments by the private individuals, Indian Corporate and MNCs in the Indian seed business with strong R&D base for product development with more emphasis on high value hybrids. • There is large scope for growth of seed industry as the quality seed requirements in many crops has not been met. Conclusion
- 57. PlantPlant starts life with astarts life with a SEEDSEED PlantPlant ends life with manyends life with many SEEDSEEDSS