Classical Rx mrcp
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This document contains classical treatment recommendations for various medical conditions organized by topic. It lists conventional first-line treatments such as bisphosphonates for hypercalcemia, acetazolamide for acute mountain sickness, IV corticosteroids for pituitary apoplexy, and valproate or lamotrigine for seizure disorders. It also provides guidance on treatments for rarer conditions including hematologic diseases, neurological disorders, and cancers.
Classical Rx mrcp
- 1. Classical Rx MRCP BY DR.SHERIF BADRAWY BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 2. hypercalcemia 1a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx Digitally signed by Dr.Sherif Badrawy DN: cn=Dr.Sherif Badrawy, o=KKUH, ou=Critical Care, email=sherif_badrawy@yahoo.com, c=SA Date: 2015.02.07 02:13:53 +03'00'
- 3. ▦ normal saline ▦ bisphosphonates ▦ Steroids in sarcoidosis ▦ lasix only if can't take fluids 1b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 4. Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets 2a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 5. ▦ High-dose vitamin D ▦ Oral phosphate 2b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 6. prevent acute mountain sickness 3a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 7. ▦ Acetazolamide 3b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 8. Hereditary Angioedema 4a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 9. ▦ Acute: IV C1 inhibitor or concentrate or FFP ▦ Anabolic steroid; Danazol 4b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 10. Acute Confusion (Delirium) 5a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 11. ▦ haloperidol 0.5 mg (DOCH) then lorazepam ▦ later Rx cause, Modification of environment 5b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 12. terminal illness agitation or restlessness 6a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 13. ▦ midazolam 6b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 14. Motion sickness 7a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 15. ▦ hyoscine is the most effective Rx but limited use dt SEs ▦ cyclizine or cinnarizine (Non- sedating antihistamines ) 7b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 16. Acute intermittent porphyria 8a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 19. ▦ autologous BM transplants ▦ or chemotherapy bortezomib & dexamethasone 9b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 20. otitis externa 10a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 21. topical antibiotic é steroid 10b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 22. Ramsay Hunt syndrome 11a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 23. oral aciclovir & CST 11b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 25. ▦ Topical aluminium chloride ▦ Botulinum toxin 12b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 26. Α-1 Antitrypsin ↓ 13a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 27. ▦ No smoking ▦ IV α1-antitrypsin protein concentrates ▦ volume ↓ surgery, lung transplantation 13b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 29. ▦ Cognitive behavioural Rx ▦ amitriptyline 14b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 30. Subarachnoid Hge 15a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 31. ▦ AVM coiling ▦ Nimodipine 15b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 32. Wernicke Encephalopathy 16a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 33. urgent replacement of thiamine 16b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 34. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus 17a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 35. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting 17b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 36. Idiopathic Intracranial HTN 18a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 37. ▦ Weight loss ▦ Acetazolamide ▦ CST ▦ Repeated lumbar puncture ▦ optic nerve sheath decompression 18b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 38. Antiplatlet in STEMI 19a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 39. aspirin + clopidogrel for 12 months 19b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 40. NSTEMI (no drug allergies) - antiplatelets: 20a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 41. aspirin (lifelong) & clopidogrel (12 months) 20b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 42. Pituitary Apoplexy 21a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 43. ▦ IV Hydrocortisone ▦ to prevent adisonian crisis 21b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 44. Subacute Combined Degeneration of Spinal Cord 22a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 45. vitamin B12 22b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 46. Motor Neuron Disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,..) 23a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 47. ▦ Non-invasive ventilation (BiPAP) ▦ Riluzole (Anti-glutamate drug) 23b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 48. generalised seizures 24a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 49. Na valproate is 1st line 24b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 50. partial seizures 25a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 51. Carbamazepine is 1st line then lamotrigine 25b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 52. Tonic-Clonic Seizures 26a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 53. Na valproate then lamotrigine 26b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 54. Absence Seizures 27a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 55. Na valproate or ethosuximide 27b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 56. Myoclonic Seizures 28a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 57. Sodium valproate then clonazepam 28b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 58. When to start Rx for Parkinsonism 29a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 59. delay Rx until the onset of disabling Sx 29b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 60. Drugs used to Rx Parkinsonism 30a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 61. ✾ Dopamine receptor agonists (Bromocriptine, Pramipexole, Ropinirole, Cabergoline, Apomorphine) ✾ Levodopa +L-Dopa ✾ MAO-B inhibitors (Selegiline) ✾ Amantadine ✾ COMT inhibitors (Entacapone) ✾ Antimuscarinics (procyclidine, benzotropine, trihexyphenidyl) 30b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 62. Progressive Supranuclear Palsy 31a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 63. L-dopa (Poor response) 31b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 64. Pick Disease 32a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 65. supportive Rx 32b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 66. Essential tremor 33a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 67. ▦ Propranolol is 1st-line ▦ Primidone when propanolol is CI 33b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 68. Alzheimer's Disease 34a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 69. ▦ DONEPEZIL (galantamine & rivastigmine) ➜ ACH inhibitors ▦ Memantine ➜ moderate - severe Alzheimer's. 34b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 71. ▦ Haloperidol ➜ 1st-line ▦ Tetrabenazine long-term Rx 35b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 72. Bell's palsy 36a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 73. ▦ prednisolone within 72 hours of onset ▦ Eye care ▦ aciclovir gives no additional benefit 36b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 74. Multiple Sclerosis 37a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 75. ▦ reducing the frequency & duration of relapses,There is no cure ▦ IV methylprednisolone ▦ Spasticity: baclofen & gabapentin are 1st-line ▦ β-interferon ↓ the relapse rate by up to 30%. ▦ Glatiramer acetate ➜ immunomodulating drug ▦ Natalizumab ➜ monoclonal Ab 37b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 76. Myasthenia Gravis 38a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 77. ✺ Pyridostigmine ✺ prednisolone ✺ Thymectomy 38b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 78. myasthenic crisis 39a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 79. ✺ Plasmapheresis ✺ IV Igs 39b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 80. Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome 40a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 81. ✺ Rx of underlying cancer ✺ prednisolone and/or azathioprine ✺ Plasmapheresis, IV Igs 40b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 82. Glomus Jugulare Tumours 41a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 83. Surgical resection 41b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 84. Guillain-Barre Syndrome 42a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 85. ✺ Plasma exchange ✺ IV Igs ✺ FVC regularly to monitor respiratory function ✺ Steroids & immunosuppressants ➜ NO BENIFIT 42b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 86. HSV Encephalitis 43a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 87. IV aciclovir ASAP 43b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 88. Cerebral Toxoplasmosis in HIV 44a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 89. sulfadiazine & pyrimethamine 44b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 90. Trigeminal neuralgia 45a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 91. Carbamazepine is 1st-line 45b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 92. non- DM neuropathic pain 46a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 93. amitriptyline or pregabalin 1st-line 46b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 94. DM neuropathy 47a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 95. ✺ oral duloxetine 1st-line ✺ Oral amitriptyline if duloxetine is CI 47b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 96. Acute attack of Cluster headache 48a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 97. ✺ 100% O₂ ✺ subcutaneous sumatriptan (5- HT1D receptor agonist) ✺ nasal lidocaine 48b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 98. Prophylaxis of Cluster headache 49a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 99. verapamil, prednisolone 49b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 100. Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania 50a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 102. Acute attack of Migraine 51a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 103. ✺ Standard analgesia ➜1st-line ➜ Paracetamol, ibuprofen, aspirin ✺ Sumatriptan ➜ 5-HT1 agonist ✺ Ergotamine ➜ α-blocker & a partial 5-HT1 agonist 51b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 104. Prophylaxis of Migraine 52a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 105. ✺ β-blockers ➜ 1st-line ➜ propranolol ✺ Topiramate 52b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 106. Migraine during pregnancy 53a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 107. ✺ Paracetamol is 1st-line ✺ If Pt has migraine é aura ➜ COC is absolutely CI dt risk of stroke 53b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 108. Headache following Lumbar Puncture 54a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 109. ✺ Supportive initially (analgesia, rest) ✺ if > 72 hours blood patch, epidural saline & IV caffeine 54b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 110. Warm AIHA 55a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 111. ✺ CST ✺ immunosuppression ✺ splenectomy. 55b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 112. Hereditary spherocytosis 56a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 113. ✺ Folate replacement ✺ Splenectomy 56b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 114. Sideroblastic anemia 57a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 115. ✺ Rx cause ✺ Pyridoxine 57b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 116. Pure red cell aplasia 58a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 117. ✺ cyclosporin ✺ If dt erythropoietin ➜ stop 58b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 118. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 59a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 119. ✺ Blood product replacement ✺ Anticoagulation ✺ Eculizumab ➜ a monoclonal Ab ✺ Stem cell transplantation 59b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 120. Polycythemia Rubra Vera 60a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 121. ✺ Venesection - 1st line ✺ Hydroxyurea ✺ Allopurinol & Phosphorus-32 60b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 123. ✺ < 5% blasts in the BM ➜ conservative Rx ✺ ↑WBC ➜ gentle chemotherapy ✺ < 60 years old ➜ Intensive chemotherapy 61b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 125. ✺ Imatinib ➜ tyrosine kinase inhibitor ✺ Interferon- α ✺ Hydroxyurea ✺ Allogenic BM transplant (optimum Rx) 62b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 127. 1. Induction All except M3 ➜ cytarabine (ara-C) + anthracycline (daunorubicin or idarubicin) "7+3" 2. Consolidation ➜ to remove undetected leukemic cells (For good- prognosis leukemias) 3. allogeneic stem cell transplantation 63b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 128. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (M3) 64a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 129. ATRA + induction chemotherapy 64b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 130. CLL Indications for Rx 65a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 131. ✺ anemia and/or thrombocytopenia ➜ progressive l✺ ymphadenopathy ➜ (>10 cm) or progressive ✺ splenomegaly ➜ (>6 cm) or progressive ✺ lymphocytosis: > 50% ↑over 2 months or doubling time < 6 months ✺ Systemic Sx ✺ ITP 65b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 133. ✺ Only when indicated ✺ Chlorambucil ✺ fludarabine ✺ PCP prophylaxis (co- trimoxazole) 66b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 134. Hairy Cell Leukemia 67a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 135. ✺ cladribine, pentostatin ➜ 1st-line ✺ rituximab, interferon-α ➜ 2nd line ✺ Splenectomy 67b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 136. Hodgkin's Lymphoma 68a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 137. ✺ Early (I & II) ➜ radiatiotherapy & chemotherapy ✺ Late (III & IV) ➜ chemotherapy alone ✺ Large mass in the chest ➜ radiatiotherapy & chemotherapy 68b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 138. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas 69a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 140. Burkitt's Lymphoma 70a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 141. ✺ chemotherapy ✺ high incidence of 'tumor lysis syndrome' 70b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 142. Hyper Eesinophilic syndrome 71a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 143. ✺ ↑dose CST + Steroid sparing agents (cyclophosphamide or azathioprine) 71b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 144. Antithrombin III ↓ 72a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 145. ✺ Thromboembolic events lifelong warfarinisation ✺ Heparinisation during pregnancy ✺ Antithrombin III concentrates (surgery or childbirth) 72b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 146. Von Willebrand's disease 73a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 147. ✺ Tranexamic acid ✺ DDAVP ✺ Factor VIII concentrate 73b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 149. ✺ CST ✺ Splenectomy if platelets < 30 after 3 months of steroid ✺ IV Igs ✺ Cyclophosphamide 74b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 151. ✺ Plasma exchange is the Rx of choice ✺ Steroids, immunosuppressants ✺ Vincristine 75b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 153. ✺ Stop Heparin ✺ alternative anticoagulant (Danaparoid,,Lepirudin ,Argatroban) 76b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 154. Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia 77a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 155. ✺ doxorubicin if young ✺ rituximab ✺ chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide ✺ CST ✺ Plasmapheresis if hyperviscosity 77b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 157. ✿ ascorbic acid ✿ IV methylene blue 78b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 158. Graves' Disease 79a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 159. ✿ ATDs ➜ carbimazole ✿ Propranolol ✿ radioiodine & surgery 79b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 160. Toxic adenoma 80a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 161. ✿ Radioiodine ✿ Subtotal thyroidectomy ✿ In pregnancy ➜ medical Rx ➜ if failed ➜ subtotal thyroidectomy 80b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 162. Thyroid Storm 81a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 163. ✿ Paracetamol ✿ ATDs ➜ Methimazole or propylthiouracil ✿ Lugol's iodine ✿ Dexamethasone ✿ Propranolol 81b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 164. Subacute Thyroiditis (De Quervain's Thyroiditis) 82a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 165. ✿ Usu. self-limiting don't require Rx ✿ NSAIDs ✿ steroids esp. if hypothyroidism 82b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 166. Thyrotoxicosis in Pregnancy 83a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 167. ✿ Propylthiouracil antithyroid drug of choice ✿ Block-and-replace regimes, Radioiodine Rx are CI 83b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 168. papillary & follicular cancer 84a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 169. ✿ Total thyroidectomy ✿ Followed by radioiodine (I-131) to kill residual cells ✿ Yearly thyroglobulin levels to detect early recurrent disease 84b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 170. Primary Hyperparathyroidism 85a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 171. ✿ IV Fluids ✿ Total parathyroidectomy ✿ Bisphosphonates 85b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 172. Primary hypoparathyroidism 86a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 174. DM Gastroparesis 87a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 175. metoclopramide, domperidone or erythromycin 87b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 176. DM in pregnancy 88a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 177. ✿ Weight loss if BMI > 27 ✿ Stop oral hypoglycaemic (Can use metformin) & start insulin ✿ Folic acid 5 mg/day 88b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 178. Liddle's Syndrome 89a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 179. amiloride or triamterene 89b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 180. Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's Syndrome) 90a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 181. ✿ Na+ restriction ✿ Adrenal adenoma: surgery ✿ Bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia ➜ Spironolactone 90b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 183. ✿ fluid restriction ✿ Demeclocycline 91b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 185. ✿ Surgery is the definitive Rx ✿ Pt. must be pre-stabilized é medical Rx ✿ α-blocker (e.g. Phenoxybenzamine), given before a ✿ β-blocker (e.g. Propranolol) 92b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 187. ✿ Trans-sphenoidal surgery is 1st-line Rx ✿ bromocriptine ✿ octreotide ✿ Pegvisomant ➜ GH receptor antagonist ✿ External irradiation ➜ if failed surgical/medical Rx 93b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 188. Remnant hyperlipidemia 94a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 190. Carcinoid syndrome 95a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 191. ✿ Octreotide ✿ cyproheptadine for Diarrhea 95b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 192. Clostridium difficile 96a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 193. ✿ ORAL metronidazole ✿ ORAL vancomycin ✿ For life-threatening infections ➜ IV metronidazole + ORAL vancomycin 96b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 194. Esophageal Varices 97a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 195. ✿ FFP, vitamin K ✿ terlipressin (DOCH) ➜ if IHD ➜ Octreotide ✿ Endoscopic variceal band ligation 97b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 196. Barrett's Esophagus 98a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 197. ✿ ↓grade dysplasia ➜ high-dose PPI ✿ ↑grade dysplasia: surgery or cryotherapy. 98b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 199. ✿ botulinum toxin intrasphincteric ✿ Heller cardiomyotomy ✿ Balloon dilation 99b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 200. H. pylori 100a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 201. ✿ PPI + amoxicillin + clarithromycin, or ✿ PPI + metronidazole + clarithromycin 100b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 202. Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome 101a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 203. ✿ Octreotide ✿ interferon ✿ chemotherapy ✿ PPI to control Sx 101b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 205. ✿ Endoscopic cautery ✿ Tranexamic acid ✿ Estrogens 102b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 206. Chronic Pancreatitis 103a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 207. ✿ Pancreatic enzyme supplements ✿ Analgesia ✿ Antioxidants 103b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 209. ✿ Small pseudocysts ➜ resolve spontaneously ✿ > 6cm ➜ endoscopic or percutanous drainage 104b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 210. distal colitis ulcerative colitis 105a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 211. ✿ Inducing remission by rectal mesalazine ✿ then Oral aminosalicylates or steroids 105b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 212. Maintaining remission ulcerative colitis 106a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 213. ✿ Oral aminosalicylates (Mesalazine) 106b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 214. severe ulcerative colitis 107a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 215. ✿ IV steroids, fluids, subcutaneous heparin & elemental diet 107b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 216. Crohn's disease 108a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 217. ✿ stop smoking ✿ Steroids ✿ Enteral Feeding With An Elemental Diet ✿ Mesalazine ✿ Azathioprine or Mercaptopurine not used as monotherapy. ✿ Infliximab in refractory disease & fistulating crohn's 108b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 218. 1st-line for isolated Perianal Crohn's disease 109a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 219. ✿ Metronidazole 109b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 220. Whipple's disease 110a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 221. ✿ IV penicillin 110b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 222. irritable bowel syndrome 111a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 223. ✿ 1st-line ➜ Pain: antispasmodic ✿ Constipation: laxatives ✿ Diarrhea: loperamide ✿ 2nd line TCA ➜ amitriptyline ✿ Resistant ➜ CBT,hypnotherapy or psychological Rx 111b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 224. coeliac disease 112a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 225. ✿ gluten-free diet avoid ➜ Wheat,Barley (beer),Rye ± Oats 112b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 226. Tropical Sprue 113a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 227. ✿ Tetracyclines ✿ if allergic ➜ Ampicillin ✿ Folate & B12 113b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 228. Toxic Megacolon 114a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 229. ✿ IV & rectal hydrocortisone ➜ if no improvement ✿ urgent colectomy ✿ Antibiotics have no use 114b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 230. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 115a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 231. ✿ IV cefotaxime ✿ if Hx of SBP ➜ prophylactic antibiotics 115b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 232. Primary Biliary Cirrhosis 116a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 233. ✿ Ursodeoxycholic acid ✿ Pruritus: cholestyramine ✿ Fat-soluble vitamin supplementation ✿ Liver transplantation ➜ If bilirubin > 100 (PBC is a major indication) 116b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 234. Wilson's Disease 117a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 235. ✿ D-penicillamine 117b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 236. Crigler-Najjar Syndrome 118a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 237. ✿ liver transplantation 118b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 238. Bile Acid Malabsorption 119a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 239. ✿ bile acid sequestrants 119b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 240. Hepatitis B 120a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 241. ✿ interferon-α ✿ lamivudine, tenofovir & entecavir 120b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 242. Autoimmune hepatitis 121a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 243. ✿ Steroids ✿ Azathioprine ✿ Liver transplantation 121b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 245. ✿ lifestyle changes (esp. weight loss) 122b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 246. Hepatocellular carcinoma 123a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 247. ❅ Early disease: surgical resection ❅ Liver transplantation ❅ Radiofrequency ablation ❅ Transarterial chemoembolisation ❅ Sorafenib: a multikinase (-) 123b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 248. Pyogenic liver abscess 124a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 249. ❅ Drainage ❅ Amoxicillin + ciprofloxacin + metronidazole ❅ If penicillin allergic: ciprofloxacin + clindamycin 124b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 250. Hepatorenal Syndrome 125a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 251. ❅ difficult to Rx ❅ liver transplantation ❅ terlipressin ❅ 20% albumin ❅ TIPS 125b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 252. acute anal fissure (< 6 weeks) 126a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 253. ❅ high-fiber diet é ↑fluid intake ❅ Bulk-forming laxatives are 1st line - if not tolerated ➜ lactulose ❅ Lubricants ❅ Topical anesthetics 126b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 254. Anemia in CRF 127a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 255. ❅ Correction o iron é IV if needed ❅ Ferritin should be > 200 ng/mL before starting EPO ❅ EPO to target Hb 10-12 127b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 256. acute graft failure (< 6 months) 128a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 257. ❅ steroids, if resistant use monoclonal Abs 128b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 258. Minimal Change GN 129a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 259. ❅ (80%) are steroid responsive ❅ Cyclophosphamide for steroid resistant 129b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 260. Mesangiocapillary GN 130a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 261. ❅ steroids 130b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 262. Acute renal colic 131a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 263. ❅ Diclofenac IM ➜ analgesia of choice,A 2nd dose can be given after 30 minutes if necessary 131b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 265. ❅ ACE-I ❅ ARBs 132b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 266. Type 2 RTA (proximal) 133a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 267. ❅ Bicarb replacement + Thiazide diuretics 133b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 268. Renal Cell Cancer 134a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 269. ❅ Radical nephrectomy ❅ α-interferon & interleukin-2 ➜ ↓ tumor size ❅ tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g. Sorafenib, sunitinib) superior efficacy compared to interferon-α 134b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 270. Goodpasture's syndrome 135a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 271. ❅ Plasma exchange ❅ Steroids ❅ Cyclophosphamide 135b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 272. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome 136a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 273. ❅ supportive ❅ no role for antibiotic ❅ plasma exchange ➜ severe cases of HUS NOT associated é diarrhea 136b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 275. ❅ Hydration ❅ D-penicillamine ❅ Urinary alkalinization 137b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 277. ❅ vitamin B6 supplements 138b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 279. ❅ nitisinone 139b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 280. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) 140a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 281. ❅ α-1 antagonists e.g. tamsulosin, alfuzosin ➜ 1st-line ↓ smooth muscle tone (prostate & bladder) ❅ 5 α-reductase inhibitors e.g. finasteride Block the conversion of testosterone to DHT ➜ ↓ in prostate volume ➜ slow disease progression. 140b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 282. Prostate cancer Localized disease = T1/2 141a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 283. ❅ life expectancy < 10 years ➜ watchful waiting ❅ life expectancy > 10 years ➜ Radical prostatectomy , Radical radiotherapy 141b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 284. Prostate cancer Locally advanced disease (T3/4) 142a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 285. ❅ Radiotherapy 142b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 286. Prostate cancer Disseminated disease - hormonal Rx 143a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 287. ❅ Synthetic GnRH agonist ➜ Goserelin ➜ -Ve feedback to the anterior pituitary. ❅ Anti-androgen ➜ Cyproterone acetate ❅ Orchidectomy 143b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 288. De Quervain's Tenosynovitis 144a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 289. ❅ Analgesia ❅ Steroid injection ❅ Immobilization é a thumb splint (SPICA) ❅ Surgical Rx 144b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 290. Lateral Epicondylitis 145a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 291. ❅ avoiding muscle overload ❅ analgesia ❅ Steroid injection ❅ Physiotherapy 145b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 292. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 146a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 293. ❅ Carpal injection ❅ Wrist splints at night ❅ Surgical decompression (flexor retinaculum division) 146b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 294. Spinal Cord Compression dt cancer 147a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 295. ❅ High-dose dexamethasone ❅ Urgent oncological assessment ➜ radiotherapy or surgery 147b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 297. Calcium é vitamin D tablets 148b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 299. ❅ Vitamin D & calcium supplement ❅ 【Alendronate is 1st-line】Pts cannot tolerate bisphosphonates ➜ ❅ Strontium ranelate & raloxifene (SERM), Denosumab monoclonal Ab (-) RANK ligand 149b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 300. Pts who take the equivalent of ≥ prednisolone 7.5 mg /day for ≥ 3 months 150a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 301. ❅ osteoporosis prophylaxis ❅ 1st-line: oral bisphosphonate ❅ Second-line: alfacalcidol or calcitriol 150b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 302. Paget's Disease 151a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 303. ❅ 【Bisphosphonate】(either oral risedronate or IV zoledronate) 151b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 305. ❅ Stem cell transplant & interferon-gamma 152b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 307. ❅ IV fluids ❅ ± Urinary alkalinization 153b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 308. Multiple Myeloma < 65 years 154a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 309. ❅ High-dose chemotherapy é hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation ❅ Maintenance Rx ➜ thalidomide 154b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 310. Multiple Myeloma > 65 years 155a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 311. ❅ Chemotherapy (Bortezomib) é melphalan & prednisone 155b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 312. Gout Acute Rx 156a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 313. ❅ NSAIDs ❅ Intra-articular steroid injection ❅ Colchicine has slower onset of action ❅ If the Pt. is already taking allopurinol it should be continued ❅ Rasburicase when other Rx can not be given 156b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 314. if ≥ 2 attacks of gout in 12 month period 157a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 315. ❅ Allopurinol prophylaxis 157b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 316. RA with joint inflammation 158a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 317. ❅ a combination DMARD ASAP ❅ Methotrexate is the most widely used DMARD ❅ analgesia, physiotherapy & surgery. 158b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 318. RA with joint inflammation In Pregnancy 159a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 319. ❅ Sulfasalazine (safe) ❅ Hydroxychloroquine (safe) ❅ Methotrexate & NSAIDs are absolutely CI ❅ Azathiopurine can be given if the above 2 are ineffective 159b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 320. Adult Still's Disease 160a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 321. ❅ NSAIDs ❅ Steroids ❅ Methotrexate 160b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 322. Septic Arthritis 161a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 323. ❅ Synovial fluid should be obtained before starting Rx ❅ IV antibiotics ❅ Needle aspiration for decompression ❅ Surgical drainage if frequent needle aspiration is required 161b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 325. ❅ weight loss + muscle strengthening exercises ❅ Paracetamol & topical NSAIDs (only for OA of the knee or hand) are 1st-line analgesics ❅ Second-line Rx is oral NSAIDs/cox-2 inhibitors (+ PPI), opioids, capsaicin cream & intra-articular CST ❅ conservative methods fail ➜ joint replacement 162b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 326. Reactive Arthritis 163a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 327. ❅ analgesia, NSAIDs, intra- articular steroids ❅ Sulfasalazine & methotrexate for persistent disease ❅ rarely last > 12 months 163b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 328. Ankylosing Spondylitis 164a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 329. ❅ NSAIDs ❅ Physiotherapy ❅ Sulphasalazine ➜ in peripheral joint involvement ❅ TNF-α blockers etanercept & adalimumab if 2 NSAIDS fail 164b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 330. Discoid Lupus Erythematous 165a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 331. ❅ Topical steroid cream ❅ Oral antimalarials (2nd line) ❅ Avoid sun exposure 165b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 332. Temporal Arteritis 166a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 333. ❅ immediate ↑dose steroids ➜↓ the chance of visual loss. ❅ dramatic response should be seen ➜if not ➜ consider another Dx 166b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 334. Takayasu disease 167a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 335. steroids ± steroid sparing methotrexate or azathioprine 167b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 336. Wegener's Granulomatosis 168a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 337. ❅ Steroids ❅ Plasma exchange ❅ Cyclophosphamide 168b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 338. Thrombangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's disease) 169a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 339. ❅ stop smoking ❅ supportive 169b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 340. Antiphospholipid Syndrome Initial venous thromboembolic events 170a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 341. warfarin é a target INR of 2-3 for 6 months 170b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 342. Antiphospholipid Syndrome Recurrent venous thromboembolic events 171a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 343. lifelong warfarin if occurred while taking warfarin ➜ ↑target INR to 3-4 171b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 344. Antiphospholipid Syndrome Arterial thrombosis 172a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 345. lifelong warfarin é target INR 2-3 172b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 346. Antiphospholipid Syndrome In pregnancy 173a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 347. ❅ ↓ -dose aspirin ❅ LMWH ➜ D/C at 34 weeks gestation 173b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 348. Polymyalgia Rheumatica 174a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 351. ❅ Immunosuppression ❅ Plasmapheresis 175b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 352. Raynaud's Phenomena 176a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 353. ❅ CCBs ❅ IV prostacyclin infusions 176b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 354. Scleroderma renal crisis 177a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 355. ACE-I to control BP & delay progression to CRF 177b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 357. ❅ NSAIDs ❅ Limited benefit from steroids ❅ Raynaud's & Severe digital ulceration ➜ CCBs &IV prostacyclin infusions 178b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 358. Active alveolitis 179a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 359. cyclophosphamide + small dose of steroids. 179b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 362. Familial Mediterranean Fever 181a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 363. ❅ Attacks are self-limiting, & require analgesia ❅ Colchicine may ↓ attack frequency 181b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 364. Sjogren's syndrome 182a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 365. ❅ Artificial saliva & tears ❅ Pilocarpine 182b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 366. HTN during pregnancy 183a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 368. Bacteroides fragilis endocarditis 184a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 370. Initial blind Rx for endocarditis 185a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 371. ❅ flucloxacillin + gentamicin ❅ (benzylpenicillin + gentamicin if Sx less severe) 185b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 372. Initial blind Rx if prosthetic valve endocarditis or Pt. is penicillin allergic 186a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 373. vancomycin + rifampicin + GENTAMICIN 186b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 374. Endocarditis dt staphylococci 187a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 375. flucloxacillin (vancomycin + rifampicin if penicillin allergic or MRSA) 187b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 376. Endocarditis dt streptococci 188a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 377. ❅ benzylpenicillin + gentamicin (vancomycin + GENTAMICIN if penicillin allergic) 188b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 378. Diastolic HF 189a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 379. ❅ diuretics ❅ ARBs are superior to ACE I 189b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 380. Stable Angina 190a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 381. β-blocker is the preferred initial Rx 190b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 382. Prinzmetal angina 191a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 383. dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (depine family; amlodepine) 191b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 384. Dressler's Syndrome 192a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 385. ❅ aspirin & analgesics ❅ CST &NSAIDS better avoided in the 1st 4 weeks after MI ❅ If Recurrence ➜ colchicine 192b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 386. the gold-standard Rx for STEMI 193a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 387. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 193b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 388. antiplatelet Rx post-PCI 194a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 389. ❅ Aspirin should be continued indefinitely ❅ clopidogrel Rx for at least 12 months 194b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 391. ❅ Valsalva ❅ Adenosine 6mg ➜ 12mg ➜ 12mg - CI in asthmatics - verapamil is a preferable ❅ DC cardioversion 195b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 392. Prevention of SVT 196a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 393. ❅ β-blockers ❅ Flecainide ❅ Radio-frequency ablation 196b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 394. 'holiday heart syndrome' 197a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 395. No specific Rx is required 197b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 396. HD stable Ventricular Tachycardia 198a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 397. ❅ Amiodarone ❅ Lidocaine ❅ Procainamide 198b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 398. HD stable V Tach in Digoxin Toxicity 199a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 399. ❅ lidocaine & phenytoin ❅ Avoid Amiodarone & Procainamide (↑Toxicity) ❅ D/C shock when all measures fail (but usu. unsuccessful) 199b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 400. Torsades De Pointes 200a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 401. ❅ IV magnesium sulphate ❅ Correct K+ if hypo ❅ Override pacing ❅ D/C shock 200b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 402. Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT) 201a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 403. ❅ Rate-limiting CCBs are often used 1st-line ❅ Correction of hypoxia & electrolyte disturbances ❅ Cardioversion & digoxin are not useful 201b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 405. ❅ Atropine is the 1st line ❅ potential risk of asystole ➜ transvenous pacing is indicated 202b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 406. Long QT Syndrome 203a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 407. ❅ Avoid drugs which prolong QT ❅ Mg+ IV ❅ β-blockers (Propranolol) not sotalol ❅ ICD if β-blockers fail ❅ Left stellate sympathectomy (if β- blockers fail or when there is multiple ICD shocks) 203b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 408. Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy 204a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 409. ❅ sotalol is the most widely used antiarrhythmic ❅ Catheter ablation ❅ ICD 204b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 411. ❅ Definitive Rx: radiofrequency ablation of the accessory pathway ❅ Medical Rx: sotalol, amiodarone, flecainide ❅ cardioversion: Flecainide is superior to Amiodarone 205b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 412. Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 206a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 413. ❅ β-blockers ❅ ICD 206b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 414. Brugada syndrome 207a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 415. ❅ ICD ❅ Quinidine in VF storm ➜ (fast repeated ICD shocks) 207b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 417. ❅ Amiodarone ❅ β-blockers or verapamil ❅ ICD ❅ Dual chamber pacemaker ❅ Endocarditis prophylaxis 208b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 419. ❅ AVR if symptomatic ❅ otherwise cut-off is gradient of 50 mmHg 209b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 420. Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis 210a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 421. ❅ Thrombolytic Rx for Pts in pulmonary edema or hypotension (right-sided PVT) ❅ surgery is a better option for left- sided PVT ❅ Serial echocardiography ➜ if no response ➜ repeat thrombolytic Rx 210b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 422. Aortic dissection Type A - ascending aorta - 211a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 423. control BP(IV labetalol) + surgery 211b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 424. Aortic dissection Type B - descending aorta 212a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 425. control BP(IV labetalol) 212b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 426. Primary Pulmonary HTN 213a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 427. ❅ Diuretics if right HF ❅ Anticoagulation ❅ Vasodilator Rx ➜ CCB, IV PGs,bosentan ❅ Heart-lung transplant 213b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 428. PDA want to closes the connection 214a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 430. PDA want to keep the connection till surgical repair of associated another congenital heart defect 215a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 431. prostaglandin E1 215b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 432. Coarctation of the Aorta 216a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 433. ❅ Surgical repair ❅ even é repair sometimes recurrence happen. 216b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 434. Eisenmenger's Syndrome 217a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 435. Heart-lung transplantation 217b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 437. ❅ Surgical repair ❅ Cyanotic episodes ➜ β-blockers to ↓ infundibular spasm 218b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 438. Asthma Dx - if ↑probability of asthma 219a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 439. start Rx 219b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 440. stepwise approach for Rx of stable asthma ? 220a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 441. 〚1〛【Inhaled short-acting β2 agonist 】 〚2〛【Add inhaled steroid】➜beclometasone 400 〚3〛【Add inhaled long-acting β2 agonist】➜SALMETEROl (LABA) ➜ ◍ Benefit from LABA but control still inadequate➜ continue LABA & ↑inhaled steroid to 800 ◍ No response to LABA➜ stop LABA & ↑inhaled steroid to 800 〚4〛【 ↑inhaled steroid 】up to 2000 mcg/d ,± Leukotriene ✘, ,theophylline) 〚5〛【steroid tablet】+ Maintain ↑dose inhaled steroid at 2000 220b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 442. Which Pt. should receive long-term O₂ Rx (LTOT) ? 221a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 443. pO2 of < 7.3 kPa or to those é a pO2 of 7.3 - 8 kPa + one of the following ▦ Secondary polycythaemia ▦ Nocturnal hypoxaemia ▦ Peripheral oedema ▦ Pulmonary HTN 221b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 444. O₂ Rx of COPD Pts 222a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 445. ❅ Before the availability of blood gases, use a 28% Venturi mask at 4 l/min & aim for an O₂ saturation of 88-92% 222b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 446. Massive PE + hypotension 223a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 448. Mycoplasma pneumoniae 224a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 449. ❅ Erythromycin/clarithromycin ❅ doxycycline are an alternative 224b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 451. ❅ Co-trimoxazole ❅ IV pentamidine in severe cases ❅ Steroids if hypoxic (if pO2 < 9.3kPa) 225b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 452. Legionella pneumonia 226a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 455. ❂ Primary pneumothorax ❃【Rim of air < 2cm & the Pt. is NOT DYSPNIC】 ➜ discharge ❃【Otherwise aspiration】 ➜ fails ➜ (defined as > 2 cm or still short of breath) ➜ a chest drain ❂ Secondary pneumothorax (including Asthmatics) ❃ Pt. > 50 y +rim of air > 2cm +dyspnic➜ chest drain ❃ Otherwise ➜ attempt aspiration ➜fails ➜ chest drain admit for 24 h 227b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 456. Small Cell Lung Cancer 228a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 457. ❅ Usu. metastatic disease by time of Dx ❅ Chemotherapy (mainstay of Rx) 228b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 459. remits without Rx in ≅ 2/3 of pts 229b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 460. steroids in Sarcoidosis 230a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 461. ❅ Hypercalcemia ❅ Worsening lung function ❅ bilateral posterior uveitis ❅ Heart or neuro involvement 230b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 463. ❅ Physical training in non-CF bronchiectasis ❅ Postural drainage ❅ IV antibiotics for exacerbations ❅ nebulized ABX for long term ❅ Bronchodilators ❅ Immunisations ❅ Surgery in selected cases 231b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 465. ❅ Weight loss ❅ CPAP is 1st line for moderate or severe OSA ❅ Intra-oral devices if CPAP is not tolerated or é mild OSA where there is no daytime sleepiness 232b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 466. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 233a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 467. ❅ Steroids ( ALLERGIC) ❅ Itraconazole is a 2nd line agent 233b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 468. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation in CF 234a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 469. Inhaled Tobramycin 234b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 470. cystic fibrosis 235a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 471. ❅ Regular chest physiotherapy & postural drainage ❅ ↑calorie diet, including ↑fat intake ❅ Vitamin supplementation ❅ Pancreatic enzyme supplements taken é meals ❅ Heart & lung transplant 235b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 472. first-line for pregnancy-induced hypertension 236a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 474. Diarrhea dt Cryptosporidium in HIV 237a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 475. supportive therapy 237b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 476. Diarrhea dt Mycobacterium avium intracellulare in HIV 238a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 477. rifampicin, ethambutol & clarithromycin 238b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 478. prophylaxis of contacts of Meningitis 239a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 479. ❅ ciprofloxacin is the drug of choice ❅ Rifampicin may be used 239b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 481. ❅ flucloxacillin 1st-line Rx ❅ Erythromycin in Pts allergic to penicillin ❅ oral clindamycin in Rx failure 240b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 482. Necrotising fasciitis 241a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 483. ❅ Urgent surgical debridement ❅ IV antibiotics 241b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 484. Listeria monocytogenes infection 242a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 485. ❅ sensitive to amoxicillin/ampicillin ❅ Insensitive to cephalosporins 242b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 486. cutaneous anthrax 243a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 488. Leptospirosis (Weil's disease) 244a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 489. High-dose benzylpenicillin or doxycycline 244b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 490. standard Rx for active tuberculosis 245a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 491. ❅ Initial phase - 1st 2 months (RIPE) ❅ Continuation phase - next 4 months (RI) 245b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 492. Latent tuberculosis 246a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 493. isoniazid alone for 6 months 246b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 494. Meningeal tuberculosis 247a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 495. prolonged period (at least 12 months) é the addition of steroids 247b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 496. Pauci-bacillary leprosy (<5 lesions) 248a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 497. rifampicin & dapsone for 6 months 248b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 498. Multi-bacillary leprosy (>5 lesions) 249a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 499. rifampicin, clofazimine & dapsone for 12 months 249b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 500. Uncomplicated falciparum malaria 250a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 501. artemisinin-based combination therapies are 1st-line Rx 250b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 502. Severe falciparum malaria parasite counts >2% 251a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 503. IV artesunate preference to IV quinine 251b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 504. Severe falciparum malaria parasite count > 10% 252a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 505. exchange transfusion 252b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 506. Non-falciparum malaria 253a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 507. ❅ almost always chloroquine sensitive ❅ Primaquine in Plasmodium vivax & Plasmodium ovale to destroy ❅ liver hypnozoites 253b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 508. Trypanosomiasis African (sleeping sickness) 254a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 509. ❅ Early disease: IV pentamidine or suramin ❅ Later disease or CNS involvement: IV melarsoprol 254b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 510. American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) 255a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 511. ❅ acute phase using azole or nitroderivatives ➜ benznidazole or nifurtimox ❅ Chronic disease ➜ Rx the complications e.g. HF 255b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 513. Single oral dose of praziquantel 256b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 514. Animal Bites 257a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 515. ❅ Cleanwound ❅ co-amoxiclav is DOCH ❅ penicillin-allergic ➜ doxycycline + metronidazole 257b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 517. ❅ Calamine lotion, Keep cool, trim nails ❅ School exclusion 5 days from start of skin eruption until all lesions are crusted ❅ Immunocompromised Pts & newborns ➜ VZIG ❅ If chickenpox develops ➜ IV aciclovir 258b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 518. Measles Rx of contacts 259a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 519. ❅ MMR give within 72 hours ❅ (vaccine-induced measles Ab develops more rapidly than infection) 259b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 521. intramuscular ceftriaxone + oral azithromycin 260b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 522. Genital warts 261a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 523. ❅ Topical podophyllum ,cryotherapy are 1st-line Rxs ❅ Imiquimod 2nd line 261b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 524. Herpes Gingivostomatitis 262a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 525. ❅ oral aciclovir ❅ chlorhexidine mouthwash 262b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 526. Cold sores 263a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 527. topical aciclovir 263b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 528. Genital herpes 264a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 529. oral aciclovir 264b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 530. Bacterial vaginosis 265a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 531. oral or topical metronidazole or topical clindamycin 265b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 533. ❅ azithromycin (single dose) ➜ 1st-line ❅ Doxycycline (7 day) ➜ 2nd choice ❅ If pregnant ➜ erythromycin or amoxicillin ❅ symptomatic men ➜ partners from 4 weeks should be contacted ❅ ♀& asymptomatic men ➜ partners from the last 6 months ❅ test of cure following Rx. 266b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 534. Asymptomatic bacteruria in pregnant ♀ 267a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 535. amoxicillin or cephalosporin 267b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 536. Toxoplasma Gondii 268a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 537. Pyrimethamine + Sulphadiazine at least 6 weeks 268b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 539. ❅ Oral rehydration Rx ❅ doxycycline, ciprofloxacin 269b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 544. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 272a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 546. Mediterranean Spotted Fever 273a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 548. Dengue fever 274a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 549. symptomatic Rx 274b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 550. Infectious mononucleosis 275a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 551. ❅ supportive ❅ avoid contact sports for 8 weeks for fear of splenic rupture 275b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 552. H1N1 influenza (Swine Flu) 276a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 553. ❅ Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) ➜ Oral medication, neuraminidase (-) ❅ Zanamivir (Relenza) ➜ Inhaled medication, neuraminidase (-) 276b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 555. ❅ thiabendazole ❅ albendazole ❅ Ivermectin 277b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 558. Hydatid disease 279a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 561. ❅ Phenoxymethylpenicillin ❅ also in throat infections (requiring antibiotics) 280b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 562. long-term antiplatelet choice for ischaemic stroke (no drug allergies) 281a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 563. clopidogrel (lifelong) 281b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 564. Prophylaxis of variceal haemorrhage , treatment of choice: 282a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 566. long-term antiplatelet choice for peripheral arterial disease (no drug allergies)? 283a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 567. clopidogrel (lifelong) 283b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 568. long-term antiplatelet choice for STEMI (no drug allergies)? 284a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 569. aspirin (lifelong) & clopidogrel (1m if no/bare stent, 12 m if drug- eluting stent) 284b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 570. newly diagnosed patient with hypertension (> 55 years)? 285a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 571. add a calcium channel blocker 285b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 572. tricyclic antidepressant overdose? 286a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 573. supportive, IV bicarbonate 286b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 574. long-term antiplatelet choice for ischaemic stroke (cannot take clopidogrel)? 287a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 575. Aspirin (lifelong) & dipyridamole (lifelong) 287b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 576. long-term antiplatelet choice for TIA (cannot take clopidogrel) 288a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 577. Aspirin (lifelong) & dipyridamole (lifelong) 288b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 578. peripheral arterial disease (cannot take clopidogrel) 289a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 579. Aspirin (lifelong) 289b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 580. poorly controlled hypertension, already taking an ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker and a thiazide diuretic. K+ > 4.5mmol/l? 290a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 581. Increase dose of thiazide diuretic 290b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 582. poorly controlled hypertension, already taking an ACE inhibitor, calcium channel blocker and a thiazide diuretic. K+ < 4.5mmol/l? 291a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 583. add spironolactone 291b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 584. poorly controlled hypertension, already taking an ACE inhibitor and a calcium channel blocker ? 292a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 585. Add a thiazide diuretic 292b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 586. reduce the risk of developing pre- eclampsia in high risk pts ? (HTN during previous pregnancies, SLE & Antiphospholipid, CKD,DM1 &2) 293a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 587. Low-dose aspirin 293b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 589. ❅ Magnesium sulphate prevent seizures in pre-eclampsia & Rx seizures in eclampsia ❅ continue for 24 hours after last seizure or delivery ❅ fluid restriction is essential ❅ monitor reflexes + respiratory rate while on MgSO4 294b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 590. Peripartum Cardiomyopathy 295a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 591. ❅ Mainstay of medical Rx is digoxin & loop diuretics ❅ nitrates & dobutamine ❅ Heparin (during pregnancy) or Warfarin (postpartum) ❅ Salt or Na+ restriction 295b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 593. ❅ Weight ↓ ❅ Hirsuitism & acne ➜ COC ❅ Infertility ➜ clomifene most effective Rx, Metformin 296b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 595. ❅ Oral ofloxacin + oral metronidazole or intramuscular ceftriaxone + oral doxycycline + oral metronidazole ❅ intrauterine contraceptive devices may be kept in in mild cases 297b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 596. Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy 298a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 597. ❅ emollients ❅ topical steroids ❅ oral steroids 298b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 598. Alopecia areata 299a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 599. ❅ Topical or intralesional CST ❅ Topical minoxidil 299b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 600. Pyoderma Gangrenosum 300a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 601. ❅ oral steroids as 1st-line Rx ❅ topical & intralesional steroids ❅ Cyclosporin & infliximab in difficult cases 300b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 602. T2DM, inadequate control on metformin, not at risk from hypoglycaemia - 301a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 603. add a sulfonylurea 301b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 604. Warfarin overdose major bleeding 302a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 605. Stop warfarin, give intravenous vitamin K 5mg, prothrombin complex concentrate 302b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 606. Warfarin overdose INR > 8.0 (no bleeding) 303a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 607. ❅ Stop warfarin, give oral vitamin K 1-5mg, repeat dose of vitamin K if INR high after 24 hours, restart when INR < 5.0 303b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 608. STEMI (allergy to aspirin) - antiplatelets: 304a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 609. clopidogrel (lifelong) 304b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 610. Seborrhoeic dermatitis Scalp disease Rx 305a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 611. ❅ zinc pyrithione ('Head & Shoulders') & tar prareparations1st- line ❅ second-line agent is ketoconazole ❅ Selenium sulphide & topical corticosteroid 305b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 612. Seborrhoeic dermatitis Face & body Rx 306a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 613. ❅ Topical antifungals: e.g. Ketoconazole ❅ Topical steroids ❅ short periods 306b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 614. Venous Ulceration 307a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 615. ❅ Compression bandaging only Rx shown real benefit ❅ Oral pentoxifylline 307b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 617. ❅ topical fusidic acid 1st-line ❅ oral flucloxacillin / topical mupirocin 308b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 618. Actinic keratoses 309a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 619. ❅ Sun avoidance, sun cream ❅ Fluorouracil cream ❅ Topical diclofenac ❅ Topical imiquimod ❅ Cryotherapy ❅ Curettage 309b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 620. Lichen Sclerosus 310a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 621. Topical steroids & emollients 310b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 623. ❅ Permethrin 5% is 1st-line ❅ Malathion 0.5% is second-line ❅ Pruritus persists for up to 4-6 weeks post eradication ❅ All household & close physical contacts should be Rx Launder, iron or tumble dry clothing, bedding, towels 311b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 624. Psoriasis Topical Rx 312a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 625. ❅ Simple emollients ❅ Coal tar ❅ Topical CST ❅ Calcipotriol ❅ Dithranol 312b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 626. Flexural psoriasis 313a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 627. ❅ emollients ❅ topical steroids 313b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 628. Phototherapy for psoriasis 314a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 629. ✰ Narrow band ultraviolet B light is now the Rx of choice ✰ PUVA ✰ SEs: skin ageing, squamous cell cancer (not melanoma) 314b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 630. Systemic Rx for psoriasis 315a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 631. ✰ Methotrexate ✰ infliximab, etanercept & adalimumab ✰ Cyclosporin ✰ Systemic retinoids 315b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 632. Guttate psoriasis 316a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 633. ✰ resolve spontaneously within 2-3 months ✰ no firm evidence to support the use of antibiotics ✰ Topical agents as per psoriasis ✰ phototherapy ✰ Tonsillectomy é recurrent episodes 316b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 634. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) 317a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 635. ✰ Stop precipitating factor ✰ ICU admission ✰ IV IG are1st-line ✰ plasmapheresis ✰ Cyclosporin & cyclophosphamide 317b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 636. Keloid scars 318a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 637. ✰ Early keloids ✰ intra-lesional steroids e.g. Triamcinolone ✰ Excision is sometimes required 318b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 639. ✰ Topical steroids ✰ moderate: Clobetasone butyrate ✰ potent: Betamethasone valerate ✰ very potent: Clobetasol propionate 319b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 641. ✰ Cool compresses ✰ Emollients ✰ Topical steroids 320b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 642. Pityriasis rosea 321a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 643. Self-limiting, usu. disappears after 4-6 weeks 321b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 644. Pityriasis Versicolor 322a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 645. ✰ Topical antifungal ➜ Terbinafine or selenium sulphide ✰ If extensive disease ➜ oral itraconazole 322b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 646. Acne Rosacea 323a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 647. ✰ Topical metronidazole ➜ for mild Sx ✰ severe disease ➜ systemic antibiotics ➜ Oxytetracycline ✰ high-factor sunscreen ✰ Camouflage creams ✰ Laser Rx in Pts é prominent telangiectasia 323b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 648. Acne vulgaris 324a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 649. ✰ Single topical Rx (topical retinoids, benzyl peroxide) ✰ Topical combination Rx (topical antibiotic, benzoyl peroxide, topical retinoid) ✰ Oral antibiotics: e.g. Oxytetracycline ✰ Oral isotretinoin in severe non responsive cases 324b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 650. Bullous pemphigoid 325a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 651. ✰ Oral CST are the mainstay of Rx ✰ Topical CST, immunosuppressants & antibiotics 325b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 652. Pemphigus vulgaris 326a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 653. ✰ Oral CST ✰ Immunosuppressants 326b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 654. Dermatitis herpetiformis 327a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 655. ✰ Gluten-free diet ✰ Dapsone 327b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 656. Porphyria Cutanea Tarda 328a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 657. ✰ Chloroquine ✰ Venesection 328b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 658. Tinea corporis 329a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 659. oral fluconazole 329b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 660. Hirsuitism & Hypertrichosis 330a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 661. ✰ weight loss if overweight ✰ Cosmetic techniques as waxing/bleaching 330b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 662. Fungal nail infections 331a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 663. ✰ Dermatophyte infection: oral terbinafine 1st- line ✰ oral itraconazole as an alternative ✰ 6 weeks Rx for fingernail,12 weeks Rx for toenails ✰ Candida infection ➜ mild disease ➜ topical antifungals (Amorolfine) ✰ severe infections ➜ oral itraconazole for 12 weeks 331b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 664. Seasonal affective disorder 332a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 665. Bright light Rx 332b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 667. ✰ CBT ,eye movement desensitisation & reprocessing (EMDR) ✰ Drug Rx ➜ paroxetine or mirtazapine 333b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 668. Sleep paralysis 334a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 670. Alcohol withdrawal 335a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 671. ✰ Benzodiazepines ✰ Carbamazepine 335b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 672. Bulimia nervosa 336a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 673. ✰ CBT 1st-line Rx ✰ Interpersonal psychotherapy ✰ high-dose fluoxetine 336b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 674. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 337a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 675. ✰ CBT ✰ Graded exercise ✰ amitriptyline ➜ useful for poor sleep 337b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 676. Restless legs syndrome 338a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 677. ✰ Dopamine agonists are 1st-line (Ropinirole, Pramipexole) ✰ Benzodiazepines ✰ Gabapentin 338b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 679. ✰ SSRIs are 1st-line Rx ✰ Citlopram : Curved back ( elderly ) ✰ Floxetine : Fetus ( preganancy ) ✰ Sertaline : Stress ( MI ) ✰ Paroxetine : PTSD 339b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 680. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome 340a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 681. ✰ Stop antipsychotic ✰ IV fluids ✰ Dantrolene ✰ Bromocriptine 340b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 682. Macular degeneration General Rx 341a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 683. ✰ Stop smoking ✰ ↑does of β-carotene, vitamins C & E, & zinc 341b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 684. Dry macular degeneration 342a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 685. no current medical Rxs 342b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 686. Wet macular degeneration 343a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 687. ✰ Photocoagulation ✰ Photodynamic Rx ✰ intravitreal ranibizumab 343b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 688. acute angle closure glaucoma 344a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 689. acetazolamide + pilocarpine 344b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 690. Dacryocystitis Lacrimal Glands problems 345a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 691. ✰ systemic antibiotics. (IV antibiotics are indicated if there is associated periorbital cellulitis) 345b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 693. ✰ hot compresses ✰ Mechanical removal of the debris ✰ Artificial tears 346b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 694. Thyroid eye disease 347a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 695. ✰ Topical lubricants ✰ Steroids ✰ Radiotherapy ✰ Surgery 347b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 696. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus 348a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 697. ✰ Oral antiviral Rx ✰ Oral CST ✰ urgent ophthalmology review 348b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 698. Herpes Simplex Keratitis 349a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 699. ✰ Topical acyclovir ✰ Immediate referral to an ophthalmologist 349b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 700. Paracetamol Overdose 350a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 701. N-acetyl cysteine 350b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 702. Digoxin Toxicity 351a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 705. ✰ 100% O₂ ✰ IV dicobalt edetate 352b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 706. Ethylene glycol toxicity 353a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 707. ✰ fomepizole ✰ ethanol ✰ hemodialysis 353b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 709. ✰ DMSA ✰ penicillamine 354b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 710. Lead Poisoning 355a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 711. ✰ DMSA ✰ penicillamine 355b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 712. Carbon Monoxide 356a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 713. ✰ 100% O₂ ✰ Hyperbaric O₂ 356b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 714. Oculogyric Crisis 357a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 715. ✰ Procyclidine ✰ Benztropine 357b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 716. intractable hiccups in palliative care 358a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 718. Lithium toxicity 359a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 719. ✰ Mild-moderate toxicity normal saline ✰ Hemodialysis 359b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 720. organophosphate poisoning 360a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 721. ✰ Atropine ✰ pralidoxime 360b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 722. β-blocker overdose 361a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 723. ✰ atropine ✰ glucagon ✰ Transvenous pacing for Pts unresponsive to glucagon 361b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 724. Vasomotor Sx such as flushing, insomnia & headaches 362a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 726. estrogen receptor +Ve breast cancer 363a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 728. Prevention & Rx of osteoporosis Hypercalcemia Paget's disease Pain from bone metatases 364a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 730. Theophylline poisoning 365a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 731. ✰ Activated charcoal ✰ Charcoal hemoperfusion is preferable to hemodialysis 365b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 732. resistant diarrhoea in Crohn's disease 366a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 734. Newly diagnosed patient of Afro- Caribbean origin with hypertension - 367a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 735. add a calcium channel blocker 367b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 736. Moderate-severe acne rosacea , treatment of choice: 368a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 737. oral oxytetracycline 368b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 738. exacerbations of chronic bronchitis 369a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 739. Amoxicillin or tetracycline or clarithromycin 369b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 740. poorly controlled hypertension, already taking an ACE inhibitor? 370a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 741. add a calcium channel blocker 370b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 742. otitis media (requiring antibiotics) 371a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 744. pelvic inflammatory disease 372a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 745. ✰ Oral ofloxacin + oral metronidazole or intramuscular ceftriaxone + ✰ oral doxycycline + oral metronidazole 372b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 746. Prophylaxis against calcium renal stones , treatment of choice: 373a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 747. a thiazide 373b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 748. Newly diagnosed T2DM, failed trial of lifestyle interventions 374a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 749. add metformin 374b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 750. Step 5 asthma management in adults - 375a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 751. use daily steroid tablet. Refer patient for specialist care 375b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 752. warfarin overdose, INR 5.0-8.0 (minor bleeding) - 376a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 753. stop warfarin, give intravenous vitamin K 1-3mg, restart when INR < 5.0 376b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 754. Syphilis - 377a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 756. first-line treatment for lower urinary tract infection? 378a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 757. Trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin 378b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 758. Cytomegalovirus retinitis , treatment of choice: 379a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 759. intravenous ganciclovir 379b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 760. Refractory diarrhoea 380a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 761. ✰ octreotide ✰ diphenoxylate ✰ loperamide 380b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 762. Warfarin overdose INR > 8.0 (minor bleeding) 381a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 763. ✰ Stop warfarin, give intravenous vitamin K 1-3mg, repeat dose of vitamin K if INR high after 24 hours, restart when INR < 5.0 381b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 764. T2DM, inadequate control on metformin, at risk from consequences of hypoglycaemia - 382a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 765. add a DPP-4 inhibitor or a thiazolidinedione 382b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 766. tension-type headache prophylaxis 383a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 768. ischaemic stroke (cannot take clopidogrel) 384a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 769. Aspirin (lifelong) & dipyridamole (lifelong) 384b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 770. TIA (cannot take clopidogrel) 385a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 771. Aspirin (lifelong) & dipyridamole (lifelong) 385b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 772. initial empirical therapy of meningitis (aged < 3 months)? 386a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 773. Intravenous cefotaxime + amoxicillin 386b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 774. initial empirical therapy of meningitis (aged > 50 years) ? 387a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 775. Intravenous cefotaxime + amoxicillin 387b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 776. initial empirical therapy of meningitis (aged 3 months - 50 years) ? 388a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 777. Intravenous cefotaxime 388b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 778. initial blind therapy of infective endocarditis (native valve) 389a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 779. Amoxicillin, consider adding low- dose gentamicin 389b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 780. acute prostatitis 390a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 781. Quinolone or trimethoprim 390b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 782. prophylaxis against menstrual migraine 391a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 783. Frovatriptan or zolmitriptan 391b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 784. initial blind therapy of infective endocarditis (prosthetic valve) 392a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 785. Vancomycin + rifampicin + low- dose gentamicin 392b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 786. endocarditis caused by fully- sensitive streptococci (e.g. viridans) 393a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 788. benign paroxysmal positional vertigo 394a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 789. Epley manoeuvre 394b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 790. essential thrombocytosis 395a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 792. Prophylaxis of Mycobacterium avium complex in HIV 396a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 793. ✰ azithromycin ✰ clarithromycin 396b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 794. Warfarin overdose,INR 5.0-8.0 (no bleeding) 397a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 795. Withhold 1 or 2 doses of warfarin, reduce subsequent maintenance dose 397b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 796. Initial blind therapy of infective endocarditis (native valve, penicillin allergic) 398a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 797. vancomycin + low-dose gentamicin 398b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 798. Strongyloides stercoralis 399a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 800. Primary sclerosing cholangitis 400a BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx
- 801. ✰ no effective drug can retard the progression ✰ Fat-soluble vitamin supplementation ✰ Antibiotic prophylaxis during ERCP to reduce the risk of bacterial ✰ cholangitis. Ciprofloxacin is DOCH ✰ Biliary stenting ✰ definitive treatment for PSC is hepatic transplantation 400b BADRAWY MRCP NOTES Classical Rx