Classification Notes
- 1. 1 ClassificationClassification Where would we put him?
- 2. 2 Species of OrganismsSpecies of Organisms There areThere are 13 billion13 billion known species ofknown species of organismsorganisms This isThis is only 5% of allonly 5% of all organisms that everorganisms that ever lived!!!!!lived!!!!! New organismsNew organisms are stillare still being found andbeing found and identifiedidentified
- 3. 3 What is Classification?What is Classification? ClassificationClassification - arrangement- arrangement of organisms into orderlyof organisms into orderly groupsgroups based on theirbased on their similaritiessimilarities Classification is also knownClassification is also known asas taxonomytaxonomy TaxonomistsTaxonomists are scientistsare scientists that identify & namethat identify & name organismsorganisms
- 4. 4 Benefits of ClassifyingBenefits of Classifying Accurately & uniformlyAccurately & uniformly namesnames organismsorganisms PreventsPrevents misnomersmisnomers such assuch as starfish & jellyfish that aren'tstarfish & jellyfish that aren't really fishreally fish UsesUses same language (Latin orsame language (Latin or some Greek)some Greek) for all namesfor all names Sea”horse”??Sea”horse”??
- 5. 5 Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus 1707 – 17781707 – 1778 18th century taxonomist Classified organisms by their structure Developed naming system still used today
- 6. 6 Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus Called theCalled the “Father“Father of Taxonomy”of Taxonomy” Developed theDeveloped the modern system ofmodern system of naming known asnaming known as binomialbinomial nomenclaturenomenclature Two-wordTwo-word namename (Genus & species)(Genus & species) Oh my goodness I’ve turned into a statue!
- 7. 7 StandardizedStandardized NamingNaming Binomial nomenclatureBinomial nomenclature usedused Genus speciesGenus species Latin or GreekLatin or Greek ItalicizedItalicized in printin print Capitalize genusCapitalize genus, but, but NOT speciesNOT species UnderlineUnderline when writingwhen writing Turdus migratoriusTurdus migratorius American RobinAmerican Robin
- 8. 8 Classification GroupsClassification Groups TaxonTaxon (( taxataxa-plural) is a-plural) is a category into which relatedcategory into which related organisms are placedorganisms are placed There is aThere is a hierarchyhierarchy ofof groups (taxa) from broadestgroups (taxa) from broadest to most specificto most specific Life, Domain, Kingdom,Life, Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family,Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, speciesGenus, species
- 9. 9 Hierarchy-Taxonomic GroupsHierarchy-Taxonomic Groups Species Genus Family Order Class Phylum Kingdom Domain Life BROADEST TAXONBROADEST TAXON MOST SPECIFIC TAXONMOST SPECIFIC TAXON
- 10. 10 HierarchyHierarchy Humans (Humans (Homo sapiens)Homo sapiens) Species sapiens Genus Homo Family Hominoidea Order Primates Class Mammalia Phylum Chordata Kingdom Animalia
- 11. 11 Basis for Modern TaxonomyBasis for Modern Taxonomy Homologous structuresHomologous structures (same(same structure, different function)structure, different function) SimilarSimilar embryoembryo developmentdevelopment Similarity inSimilarity in DNA, RNADNA, RNA, or, or amino acidamino acid sequence ofsequence of proteinsproteins
- 12. 12 Homologous StructuresHomologous Structures show Similarities in mammals.show Similarities in mammals.
- 13. 13 CladogramCladogram Diagram showing how organisms are relatedDiagram showing how organisms are related based onbased on shared, derived characteristicsshared, derived characteristics suchsuch as vertebral column, jaw bones, four leggedas vertebral column, jaw bones, four legged locomotion, amniotic eggs, hair, etc.locomotion, amniotic eggs, hair, etc.
Editor's Notes
- #10: <number> Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants.