Classification of Automobile and chassis in Automobile
- 1. Classification of Automobile & Types of chassis in Automobile
- 2. Classification Of Automobile 1. Based on Purpose : Passenger vehicles : These vehicles carry passengers. e.g.: Buses, Cars, passenger trains. Goods vehicles : These vehicles carry goods from one place to another place. e.g.: Goods lorry, Goods carrier. Special Purpose : These vehicles include Ambulance, Fire engines, Army Vehicles. 2. Based on Load Capacity: Light duty vehicle : Small motor vehicles. e.g.: Car, jeep, Scooter, motor cycle Heavy duty vehicle : large and bulky motor vehicles. e.g.: Bus, Truck, Tractor
- 3. Cont… 3. Based on fuel used: Petrol engine vehicles : Automobiles powered by petrol engine. e.g.: scooters, cars, motorcycles. Diesel engine vehicles : Automobiles powered by diesel engine. e.g.: Trucks, Buses, Tractors. Gas vehicles : Vehicles that use gas turbine as power source. e.g.: Turbine powered cars. Electric vehicles : Automobiles that use electricity as a power source. e.g.: Electric cars, electric buses. Steam Engine vehicles : Automobiles powered by steam engine. e.g.: Steamboat, steam locomotive, steam wagon. 4. Based on Drive of the vehicles : Left Hand drive : Steering wheel fitted on left hand side Right Hand drive : Steering wheel fitted on right hand side Fluid drive : Vehicles employing torque converter, fluid fly wheel or hydramatic transmission.
- 4. Cont… 5. Based on number of wheels and axles : Two wheeler : motor cycles, scooters Three wheeler : Tempo, auto-rickshaws Four wheeler : car, Jeep, Bus, truck Six wheeler : Buses and trucks have six tires out of which four are carried on the rear wheels for additional reaction. Six axle wheeler : Dodge(10 tire) vehicle 6. Based on type of transmission: Automatic transmission vehicles: Automobiles that are capable of changing gear ratios automatically as they move. e.g.: Automatic Transmission Cars. Manual transmission vehicles: Automobiles whose gear ratios have to be changed manually. Semi-automatic transmission vehicles: Vehicles that facilitate manual gear changing with clutch pedal. 7. Based on Suspension system used: Convectional - Leaf Spring Independent - Coil spring, Torsion bar, Pneumatic.
- 6. Chassis Types A chassis consists of an internal framework that supports a man-made object in its construction and use. It is analogous to an animal's skeleton. An example of a chassis is the underpart of a motor vehicle, consisting of the frame (on which the body is mounted). If the running gear such as wheels and transmission, and sometimes even the driver's seat, are included then the assembly is described as a rolling chassis.
- 9. Ladder Chassis Ladder chassis is considered to be one of the oldest forms of automotive chassis or automobile chassis that is still used by most of the SUVs till today. As its name connotes, ladder chassis resembles a shape of a ladder having two longitudinal rails inter linked by several lateral and cross braces.
- 10. Harley-Davidson Model Motorcycle Chassis An important type of automotive chassis, motorcycle chassis comprise of different auto parts and components like auto frame, wheels, two wheeler brakes and suspension. Its basically the frame for motorbikes that holds these components together. A motorbike chassis can be manufactured from different materials. But the commonly used materials are steel, aluminium, or magnesium.
- 11. Backbone chassis It has a rectangular tube like backbone, usually made up of glass fibre that is used for joining front and rear axle together. This type of automotive chassis or automobile chassis is strong and powerful enough to provide support smaller sports car. Backbone chassis is easy to make and cost effective.
- 12. Cont… Advantages of Backbone chassis Standard-conception truck's superstructure has to withstand the torsion twist, and subsequent wear reduces vehicle's lifespan. The half-axles have better contact with ground when operated off the road. This has little importance on roads. The vulnerable parts of drive shaft are covered by thick tube. The whole system is extremely reliable. However, if a problem occurs, repairs are more complicated. Modular system is enabling configurations of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-axle vehicles with various wheel bases. Disadvantages Manufacturing the backbone chassis is more complicated and more costly. However, the more axles with all-wheel drive are needed, the cost benefit turns in favor of backbone chassis. The backbone chassis is heavier for a given torsional stiffness than a uni-body. The chassis gives no protection against side impacts.
- 13. An exoskeleton car has a visible external frame, being made of steel, aluminium or carbon fiber tubes. Body styles are open wheel sports cars, with their wheels outside of the main body and each wheel covered by its own lightweight mudguard, usually carried as unsprung weight supported on the hub carrier. The chassis has four large longitudinal tubes, two on each side of the car body, inboard of the wheels. These main chassis tubes are spaced apart by smaller diagonal or vertical tubes. Structurally, an exoskeleton chassis is midway between a ladder chassis and a spaceframe chassis. At its simplest, it consists of two ladder chassis, one above the other. Exoskeleton car
- 14. Car Chassis The main structure of a car is known as chassis. Car chassis functions as a support for the different car parts. Automotive parts like engine, suspension & steering mechanism braking system, auto wheels, axle assemblies and transmission are mounted on the car chassis.
- 15. Bus Chassis Bus chassis is the design and quality of bus chassis depends on the capacity of bus. It can be tailor made according to the needs and can be availed with features like transverse mounted engine, air suspension as well as anti-roll bars. A well manufactured bus chassis offers various benefits like high torque from low revs, superior brake performance and more. Bus chassis designed for urban routes differs from the one manufactured for suburban routes.
- 16. Monocoque Chassis is a one-piece structure that prescribes the overall shape of a vehicle. This type of automotive chassis is manufactured by welding floor pan and other pieces together. Since monocoque chassis is cost effective and suitable for robotised production, most of the vehicles today make use of steel plated monocoque chassis. Monocoque Chassis
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