Classification of seaweed
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The document discusses the classification and characteristics of seaweeds, specifically focusing on their systematic taxonomy within the kingdom Chromista. It describes the structural components of seaweeds, such as the thallus, holdfast, and blade, while detailing the three main groups: Chlorophyceae (green), Phaeophyceae (brown), and Rhodophyceae (red). Additionally, it provides information on their habitats, reproductive characteristics, and economic importance, along with references for further reading.
Classification of seaweed
- 1. CLASSIFICATION OF SEAWEED : SYSTEMATIC AND CHARACTERISTICS KUNAL 17373016 MARINE BIOLOGY MSc. 1ST YEAR
- 2. MACROBENTHIC. MULTICELLULAR FORMS OF MARINE ALGAE. FOUND FROM INTERTIDAL TO SHALLOW SUBTIDAL ZONES. A VARIETY OF HABITATS SUCH AS REEF FLATS, SHELTERED BAYS AND COVES, AND SOME MAY BE LIMITED TO ROCKY WAVE-EXPOSED AREAS ALONG THE SHORE OR ON THE EDGE OF THE REEF. SOME BIOLOGISTS PREFER THE NAME MACROALGAE OR MACROPHYTES DUE TO THEIR SIZE, MULTICELLULAR CONSTRUCTION, AND ATTACHMENT TO FIRM SUBSTRATUM. INTRODUCTION
- 3. STRUCTURE OF SEAWEEDS • The seaweed body is called the thallus . • If most of the thallus is flattened, it may be called a frond or blade. • The structure attaching the thallus to a surface is the holdfast. • Some seaweeds have a stem like region, or stipe, between the holdfast and blade. • Variation in the complexity of these parts of the thallus provides a rich diversity of form .
- 4. KINGDOM : CHROMISTA Seven properties of life: cellular structure, homeostasis, growth, movement, reproduction, response, and evolution. Chromista include secondary phagoheterotrophs (notably ciliates, many dinoflagellates, Opalozoa, Rhizaria, heliozoans) or walled osmotrophs (Pseudofungi, Labyrinthulea), formerly considered protozoa or fungi respectively, plus endoparasites (e.g. Sporozoa) and all chromophyte algae (other dinoflagellates, chromeroids, ochrophytes, haptophytes, cryptophytes).
- 5. KINGDOM PHYLUM (Stramenopiles, Alveolata and Rhizaria) P H Y L O G E N Y O F C H R O M I S T A
- 6. 1. Plant generally green to yellowish green in colour due to the dominance of chlorophyll; cell wall consisting of a pectic outer layer and an inner cellulose layer; sometimes calcified; photosynthetic product is starch . . . . . . . . . . . Chlorophyceae 2. Plant generally brown to pale brown to reddish brown in colour due to the dominance of xanthophyll pigments; cell wall consisting of cellulose and alginic acid; photosynthetic product is laminarin and mannitol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phaeophyceae 3. Plant generally red to yellowish red to dark greenish red in colour due to the the dominance of r-phycoerythrin; cell wall consisting of a small amount of cellulose and gelatinous or amorphous sulphated galactans such as agar, carrageenan, furcellarin, and others; food reserve is floridian starch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhodophyceae KEY TO CLASS Cladophoropsis spp. Turbinaria spp. Gracilaria sp
- 8. CHLOROPHYCEAE PHAEOPHYCEAE RHODOPHYCEAE HABITAT MOSTLY FRESHWATER, SOME MARINE AND TERRESTRIAL. ALMOST ALL MARINE, RARELY FRESH WATER. MOSTLY MARINE, SOME FRESH WATER. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS CHL-A AND B, CAROTENOIDS. CHL A AND C AND CAROTENOIDS, XANTHOPHYLL, FUCOXANTHIN. CHL-A AND D, CAROTENOIDS, PHYCOBILINS. CELL WALL COMPONENTS CELLULOSE (Major component). CELLULOSE AND ALGINIC ACID. CELLULOSE (Major component). STORED FOOD STARCH. LAMINARIN, MANNITOL FLORIDEAN STARCH. EXAMPLE Ulva, Acetabularia. Sargassum, Fucus. Gelidium, Glacilaria ,Padina DISTINGUISHED CHARACTERISTICS
- 9. CHLOROPHYCEAE 1.Order ULVALES A. Family ULVACEAE 2.Order SIPHONOCLADALES A. Family VALONIACEAE 3.Order BRYOPSIDALES A. Family CAULERPACEAE B. Family CODIACEAE C. Family HALIMEDACEAE D. Family UDOTEACEAE 4.Order DASYCLADALES A. Family DASYCLADACEAE B. Family POLYPHYSACEAE PHAEOPHYCEAE 1.Order DICTYOTALES A. Family DICTYOTACEAE 2.Order SCYTOSIPHONALES A. Family SCYTOSIPHONACEAE 3.Order FUCALES A. Family SARGASSACEAE RHODOPHYCEAE 1.Order NEMALIALES A. Family HELMINTHOCLADIACEAE 2.Order BONNEMAISONIALES A. Family BONNEMAISONIACEAE 3.Order GELIDIALES A. Family GELIDIACEAE 4.Order CRYPTONEMIALES A. Family CRYPTONEMIACEAE 5.Order CORALLINALES A. Family CORALLINACEAE 6.Order GIGARTINALES A. Family RHIZOPHYLLIDACEAE B. Family GRACILARIACEAE C. Family SOLIERIACEAE D. Family HYPNEACEAE 7.Order CERAMIALES A. Family RHODOMELACEAE CLASSIFICATION OF SEAWEEDS
- 13. A SINGLE FAMILY : DICTYOTACEAE. PANTROPICAL TO WARM TEMPERATE WITH ISOMORPHIC. HAPLODIPLONTIC LIFE HISTORIES. GAMETOPHYTE ARE DIOECIOUS. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IS OOGAMOUS.
- 15. KINGDOM - Chromista PHYLUM - Ochrophyta CLASS - Phaeophyceae ORDER - Dictyotales FAMILY - Dictyotaceae GENUS - Padina SPECIES - minor KEYS TO GENERA 1a.Thallus fan-shaped or composed of strap-shaped blades . . . . . → 2 1b.Thallus not as above . . . . . . . . . . → 5 2a.Thallus thin, fan-shaped, slightly calcified (Padina) . . Padina minor PARENT NAME - Padina Adanson,1763 ORIGINAL NAME - Padina minor Yamada, 1925 FAO name : En - Brown sea fan. Padina minor
- 16. DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS: Thalli fan-shaped, yellowish brown to light brown or slightly whitish due to light calcification. Blade entire or divided into lobes, consisting of 2 layers of cells. Lower surface of blade divided into concentric zones by hairlines which are equidistant from each other; non- indusiate reproductive sori also form concentric lines directly above each hairline. Size: Blade up to 10 cm in height. Habitat, biology, and fisheries: Attached to solid substrates on reef flats or in the upper subtidal zone, or epiphytic on large macrobenthic algae and seagrass. Grows on inner reef flats and on tidal pools on the outer portions of reef flats; very abundant during the sunny months of the year. A source of algin. (Used as antibiotic, in Flame proof fabrics and plastics, in surgical operations, as emulsifiers).
- 17. Distribution: Widely distributed in the tropics, including the Philippines, Taiwan Province of China, China, Indo- Malayan Archipelago, southern Japan, Viet Nam, Thailand, Guam, and tropical western Pacific islands.
- 18. REFERENCES BOOKS Clinton J. Dawes. 1998. Marine Botany. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Kent E. Carpenter and Volker H. Niem. 1998. FAO Species identification guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources Of the Western Central Pacific. Peter Castro, Michael E. Huber. 2007. Marine Biology. Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co. WEBSITES http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=220791 https://seanet.stanford.edu/Ochrophyta https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28875267